I-Hydropower inqubo yokuguqula amandla amanzi emvelo abe amandla kagesi kusetshenziswa izindlela zobunjiniyela. Kuyindlela eyisisekelo yokusebenzisa amandla amanzi. Izinzuzo ukuthi ayiwudli uphethiloli, ayingcolisi imvelo, amandla amanzi angagcwaliswa ngokuqhubekayo yimvula, imishini nemishini kagesi ilula, futhi ukusebenza kuyavumelana nezimo futhi kulula. Kodwa-ke, ukutshalwa kwezimali okujwayelekile kukhulu, isikhathi sokwakha side, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukulahlekelwa yizikhukhula kubangelwa. Amandla kagesi avame ukuhlanganiswa nokulawula izikhukhula, ukuchelela, ukuthutha, njll. ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi:
1. Ugesi Wamanzi Ojwayelekile
Okusho ukuthi, ugesi wohlobo lwedamu, owaziwa nangokuthi i-reservoir-type hydropower. Idamu lamanzi lakhiwa ngokugcina amanzi edamini, futhi amandla alo aphezulu okukhipha amanzi anqunywa umehluko phakathi kwevolumu yechibi nendawo yokuphuma kwamanzi kanye nokuphakama kwendawo yamanzi. Lo mehluko wokuphakama ubizwa ngokuthi ikhanda, elibuye libizwe ngokuthi ithonsi noma ikhanda, futhi amandla angaba khona emanzini alingana nekhanda.
2. I-Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity (ROR)
Okusho ukuthi, i-stream-flow hydropower, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-run-of-river hydropower, iwuhlobo lokuphehlwa kwamanzi olusebenzisa amandla amanzi kodwa ludinga amanzi amancane noma aludingi ukugcina amanzi amaningi ukuze kuphehle ugesi. Ugesi ogelezwa ngamanzi ogeleza ugeleza cishe awudingi indawo yokugcina amanzi, noma indawo yokugcina amanzi encane kakhulu, ebizwa ngokuthi i-conditioning pool noma indawo engaphambili lapho kwakhiwa indawo encane yokugcina amanzi. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwezindawo ezinkulu zokugcina amanzi, ukuphehlwa kwamandla okugeleza komfula kuzwela kakhulu ezinguqukweni zesizini enanini lamanzi asetshenziswa emithonjeni yamanzi, ngakho izitshalo zamandla okugeleza kokugeleza ngokuvamile zichazwa njengemithombo yamandla ngezikhathi ezithile. Futhi uma kwakhiwa ichibi elilawulayo endaweni yamandla kagesi i-Chuanliu elingalungisa ukugeleza kwamanzi noma nini, lizosetshenziswa njengesikhungo samandla sokushefa kakhulu noma indawo yokuphehla amandla esisekelo.
3. Amandla e-tide
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla olwandle kusekelwe ekukhuphukeni nasekuweni kwamazinga amanzi olwandle okubangelwa amagagasi. Ngokuvamile, amadamu akhelwe ukugcina ugesi, kodwa futhi kukhona ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwamanzi akhiqizwa amagagasi ukuze kuphehlwe ugesi. Azikho izindawo eziningi emhlabeni ezilungele ukuphehlwa kukagesi olwandle, kodwa eziyisishiyagalombili e-UK zilinganiselwa ukuthi zinamandla okuhlangabezana no-20% wezidingo zikagesi zezwe.
Kunjalo, izinhlobo ezintathu zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi yiziteshi ezijwayelekile zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi, futhi kunolunye uhlobo lwesiteshi sikagesi, iSiteshi Samandla EsiyiPumped Storage, ngokuvamile esisebenzisa ugesi oweqile ohlelweni lwamandla (inkathi yezikhukhula, amaholide, noma ugesi wasesigodini esiphansi engxenyeni yesibili yobusuku). ), amanzi echibini elingaphansi ampontshelwa endaweni engaphezulu ukuze agcinwe; lapho ukulayisha kwesistimu kuphakama, amanzi echibini eliphezulu abekwe phansi, futhi i-turbine iqhutshwa i-turbine ukuze ikhiqize ugesi. Inomsebenzi ombaxambili wokushefa okuphezulu kanye nokugcwaliswa kwesigodi, futhi iyindawo ekahle kakhulu yokushefa kwamandla ohlelo lwamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingaphinde ilawule imvamisa, isigaba, i-voltage futhi isebenze njengesipele, esidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuphephile nokusezingeni eliphezulu kwegridi yamandla kanye nokwenza ngcono umnotho wohlelo.
Isiteshi samandla esipompayo ngokwaso asiwukhiqizi ugesi, kodwa sidlala indima ekuxhumaniseni ukungqubuzana phakathi kokuphehlwa kukagesi kanye nokuphakelwa kukagesi kugridi yamandla; inendima enkulu ekulawuleni izinga eliphezulu ngesikhathi seziqongo zomthwalo wesikhathi esifushane; ukuqala nokukhipha kushintsha ngokushesha, okungaqinisekisa ukwethembeka kokunikezwa kwamandla kwegridi yamandla futhi kuthuthukise igridi yamandla. izinga lamandla. Manje ayikahlukaniswa njenge-hydropower, kodwa isitoreji sikagesi.
Njengamanje, kuneziteshi zikagesi eziphehla ugesi eziyi-193 ezisebenza ngamandla angaphezulu kuka-1 000 MW kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni, kanti ezingu-21 zisakhiwa. Phakathi kwazo, kuneziteshi ezingu-55 eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi ezinamandla afakiwe angaphezu kuka-1 000MW ezisebenza eChina, kanti ezi-5 zisakhiwa, zikleliswe kuqala emhlabeni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-14-2022
