Umbhede wokuhlola imodeli ye-hydropower turbine udlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi. Kuyisisetshenziswa esibalulekile sokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamayunithi. Ukuze kukhiqizwe noma yimuphi umgijimi, umgijimi oyimodeli kufanele athuthukiswe kuqala, futhi imodeli ingahlolwa ngokulingisa imitha yekhanda langempela lesiteshi sikagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi ebhentshini lokuhlola imishini ye-hydraulic. Uma yonke idatha ihlangabezana nezidingo zomsebenzisi, umgijimi angakhiqizwa ngokusemthethweni. Ngakho-ke, abanye abakhiqizi bemishini ye-hydropower abaziwayo phesheya banamabhentshi amaningana okuhlola amakhanda aphezulu ahlangabezana nezidingo zemisebenzi ehlukahlukene, njengamabhentshi okuhlola amamodeli amahlanu asezingeni eliphezulu enkampani yaseFrance ye-nyrpic; U-Hitachi no-Toshiba ngayinye inezindawo zokuhlola eziyisihlanu ezinekhanda lamanzi ngaphezu kuka-50m. Ngokwezidingo zokukhiqiza, isikhungo esikhulu sokucwaninga ngomshini kagesi siklame ibhentshi eliphezulu lokuhlola ikhanda lamanzi elinemisebenzi egcwele nokunemba okuphezulu, elingakwazi ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa kwemodeli ku-tubular, ukugeleza okuxubile, ukugeleza kwe-axial kanye nemishini ye-hydraulic reversible ngokulandelanayo. Inhloko yamanzi ingafinyelela ku-150m. Ibhentshi lokuhlola lingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokuhlolwa kwemodeli yamayunithi aqondile navundlile. Ibhentshi lokuhlola lakhiwe ngeziteshi ezimbili u-a no-B. lapho isiteshi sisebenza, kufakwa isiteshi B, esinganciphisa umjikelezo wokuhlola. A. B iziteshi ezimbili zabelana ngesethi eyodwa yesistimu yokulawula kagesi kanye nesistimu yokuhlola. Uhlelo lokulawula ugesi luthatha i-PROFIBUS njengomongo, i-NAIS fp10sh PLC njengesilawuli esikhulu, futhi i-IPC (ikhompyutha yokulawula izimboni) ibona ukulawula okumaphakathi. Uhlelo lwamukela ubuchwepheshe bebhasi lensimu ukuze kutholakale imodi yokulawula egcwele yedijithali ethuthukisiwe, eqinisekisa ukwethembeka, ukuphepha kanye nokugcinwa kalula kwesistimu. Iwuhlelo lokuhlola umshini we-hydraulic onezinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela eChina. Ukwakhiwa kwesistimu yokulawula
Ibhentshi lokuhlola ikhanda lamanzi aphezulu lakhiwe ama-motor amabili epompo anamandla afakiwe angu-550KW kanye nebanga lejubane lokuzungeza elingu-250-1100r/min ukuze kusheshiswe ukugeleza kwamanzi epayipini ukuya kumitha yekhanda lamanzi elidingwa umsebenzisi nokugcina ikhanda lamanzi lisebenza kahle. Imingcele yomgijimi igadwa yi-dynamometer. Amandla e-dynamometer angu-500kW, futhi isivinini sokuzungeza siphakathi kuka-300 no-2300r / min. kukhona i-dynamometer eyodwa esiteshini a kanye nesiteshi B. Isimiso sebhentshi lokuhlola imishini ye-hydraulic ephezulu yekhanda liboniswa ku-Fig. 1. Uhlelo ludinga ukuthi ukunemba kokulawulwa kwezimoto kungaphansi kuka-0.5%, futhi isikhathi esimaphakathi phakathi kokuhluleka (MTTF) sikhulu kunamahora angu-5000. Ngemuva kocwaningo oluningi, uhlelo lokulawula isivinini lwe-DCS500 DC luyakhethwa. I-DCS500 ingathola imiyalo yokulawula ngezindlela ezimbili, eyodwa ukuthola amasignali angu-4-20mA ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zejubane; Enye iwukwengeza imojula ye-PROFIBUS DP ukuze ihlangabezane nemfuneko yesivinini ngokuthola ngemodi yedijithali. Indlela yokuqala ilula futhi ishibhile, kodwa izophazanyiswa ekudluliseni kwamanje, okuthinta ukunemba kokulawula; Nakuba imodi yesibili ibiza, ingaqinisekisa ukunemba kwedatha kunqubo yokudlulisela nokulawula ukunemba. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lusebenzisa i-DCS500 ezine ukulawula ama-dynamometer amabili kanye namamotho wepompo amanzi amabili ngokulandelana. Njengesiteshi sezigqila se-PROFIBUS DP, lezi zisetshenziswa ezine zixhumana ne-master station PLC ngemodi yesigqila esikhulu. I-PLC ilawula ukuqala / kokumiswa kwe-dynamometer ne-pump motor, idlulisa isivinini semoto egijima ku-DCS500 nge-PROFIBUS DP, futhi ithola isimo sokugijima kwemoto namapharamitha ukusuka ku-DCS500, futhi izidlulisele ku-IPC ephezulu nge-PROFIBUS FMS ukuze uqaphele ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela.
I-PLC ikhetha imojula ye-afp37911 ekhiqizwe yi-NAIS Europe njengesiteshi esikhulu, esisekela izivumelwano ze-FMS ne-DP ngesikhathi esisodwa. Le module iyisiteshi esikhulu se-FMS futhi ixhumana ne-IPC kanye nohlelo lokutholwa kwedatha ngemodi eyinhloko; Futhi iyisiteshi esikhulu se-DP, esiqaphela ukuxhumana kwezigqila ne-DCS500.
Uhlelo lokutholwa kwedatha lusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bebhasi le-VXI lokuqoqa amapharamitha ahlukahlukene e-dynamometer futhi ivezwe esikrinini esikhulu, bese kwakheka imiphumela * * * ibe amatafula namagrafu (le ngxenye igcwaliswa ezinye izinkampani). I-IPC ixhumana nohlelo lokutholwa kwedatha nge-FMS. Ukwakheka kwesistimu yonke kuboniswe ku-Fig.
1.1 I-fieldbus I-PROFIBUS PROFIBUS iyindinganiso eyakhiwe izinkampani eziyi-13 ezifana ne-Siemens ne-AEC kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi ezi-5 kuphrojekthi yokuthuthukisa ehlanganyelwe. Ifakwe ohlwini lwaseYurophu olujwayelekile lwe-en50170 futhi ingelinye lamazinga anconyiwe e-fieldbus yezimboni e-China. Kubandakanya amafomu alandelayo:
I-PROFIBUS FMS ixazulula imisebenzi yokuxhumana ejwayelekile ezingeni le-workshop ▄ ihlinzeka ngenani elikhulu lezinsizakalo zokuxhumana ▄ iqeda imisebenzi yokuxhumana ejikelezayo nengenayo i-cyclic ngesivinini sokudlulisela esiphakathi. Imojula ye-Profibus ye-NAIS isekela * * * izinga lokuxhumana le-1.2mbps futhi ayisekeli imodi yokuxhumana eyi-cyclic ingasebenzisa kuphela i-MMA ◤ ukudluliswa kwedatha okungeyona i-cyclic ▄ ukuxhumeka okuyinhloko ukuxhumana nezinye iziteshi eziyinhloko ze-FMS futhi le moduli ayihambisani ne-PROFIBUS FMS ye-PROFIBUS FMS yendlela ye-PROFIS esetshenziswayo ngesikhathi sohlelo lwe-PROFI, i-US eyodwa ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa.
I-PROFIBUS PA ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa obuphephile ngaphakathi ngaphakathi obuklanyelwe ngokukhethekile i-process automation bubona umthetho olandelwayo wokuxhumana ocaciswe ku-iec1158-2 ▄ futhi busetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinezidingo eziphezulu zokuphepha neziteshi ezixhaswe yibhasi. Indlela yokudlulisa esetshenziswa ohlelweni ipheya esontekile yethusi evikelekile umthetho olandelwayo wokuxhumana ngu-RS485 futhi izinga lokuxhumana ngu-500kbps. Ukusetshenziswa kwebhasi lensimu yezimboni kunikeza isiqinisekiso sokuphepha nokuthembeka kohlelo.
1.2 Ikhompyutha ye-IPC yokulawula izimboni
Ikhompiyutha yokulawula izimboni ephezulu isebenzisa ikhompyutha ye-Advantech industry control yaseTaiwan isebenzisa amafasitela i-NT4.0 workstation operating system yamukela isofthiwe ye-WinCC industrial configuration ye-Siemens isikrini esikhulu sibonisa izimo zokusebenza nolwazi lwengcaphuno yohlelo, futhi sibonisa ngezithombe ukugeleza kwepayipi nezimo zokuvinjwa. Yonke idatha idluliselwa yi-PLC nge-PROFIBUS. I-IPC ifakwe ngaphakathi ngekhadi lenethiwekhi ye-profiboard elikhiqizwe inkampani yaseJalimane yokuthambisa, eklanyelwe ngokukhethekile i-PROFIBUS. Ngesofthiwe yokumisa ehlinzekwa ngokuthambisa, ukuxhumana kungaqedwa, ubudlelwano bokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi Cr (ubudlelwano bokuxhumana) bungasungulwa, futhi isichazamazwi sento i-OD (isichazamazwi sento) singasungulwa. I-WINCC ikhiqizwa ngabakwa-Siemens. Isekela kuphela ukuxhumana okuqondile ne-S5 / S7 PLC yenkampani, futhi ingaxhumana kuphela nenye i-PLC ngobuchwepheshe be-DDE obunikezwa amawindi. Inkampani yesoftware inikeza isoftware yeseva ye-DDE ukuze ibone ukuxhumana kwe-PROFIBUS neWinCC.
１.３ PLC
I-Fp10sh yenkampani ye-NAIS ikhethwa njenge-PLC.
(2) umsebenzi wesistimu yokulawula
Ngaphezu kokulawula amamotho wepompo amanzi amabili kanye nama-dynamometers amabili, uhlelo lokulawula ludinga futhi ukulawula ama-valve kagesi angama-28, amamotho anesisindo esi-4, ama-motor futha kawoyela ayi-8, ama-motor pump vacuum ama-3, ama-motor epompo akhipha uwoyela angu-4 kanye namavalvu e-solenoid okugcoba angu-2. Isiqondiso sokugeleza nokugeleza kwamanzi kulawulwa yi-valve switch ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuhlola zabasebenzisi.
2.1 ikhanda elingaguquki Lungisa isivinini sokujikeleza kwepompo yamanzi: yenze izinze ngenani elithile, futhi ikhanda lamanzi lihlala njalo ngalesi sikhathi; Lungisa isivinini se-dynamometer sibe yinani elithile. Ngemuva kokuthi isimo sokusebenza sizinzile imizuzu engu-2-4, qoqa idatha efanele. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kuyadingeka ukugcina ikhanda lamanzi lingashintshiwe. Ikhodi disk ibekwa enjini yephampu ukuze kuqoqwe isivinini semoto, ukuze i-DCS500 yakhe isilawuli se-loop evaliwe. Isivinini sephampu yamanzi sifakwa ngekhibhodi ye-IPC.
2.2 isivinini esingaguquki
Lungisa ijubane le-dynamometer ukuze lizinze ngenani elithile, futhi isivinini se-dynamometer sihlala njalo; Lungisa isivinini sepompo sibe yinani elithile (okungukuthi lungisa ikhanda), futhi uqoqe idatha efanele ngemva kokuba isimo sokusebenza sizinzile imizuzu engu-2-4. I-DCS500 yenza iluphu evaliwe yejubane le-dynamometer ukuze kunziswe isivinini se-dynamometer.
2.3 Ukuhlolwa kokubaleka
Lungisa isivinini se-dynamometer sibe yinani elithile futhi ugcine isivinini se-dynamometer singashintshiwe lungisa isivinini sepompo yamanzi ukuze i-torque ephumayo ye-dynamometer ibe ngu-zero (ngaphansi kwalesi simo sokusebenza, i-dynamometer isebenzela ukukhiqiza amandla nokusebenza kukagesi), futhi uqoqe idatha efanele. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, isivinini se-pump motor siyadingeka ukuthi singashintshi futhi silawulwe yi-DCS500.
2.4 ukulinganisa ukugeleza
Isistimu ifakwe amathangi amabili okulungisa ukugeleza kokulinganisa amamitha okugeleza ohlelweni. Ngaphambi kokulinganisa, qala ngokunquma inani lokugeleza elimakiwe, bese uqala injini yepompo yamanzi, bese ulungisa ngokuqhubekayo isivinini sokujikeleza senjini yepompo yamanzi. Ngalesi sikhathi, naka inani lokugeleza. Lapho inani lokugeleza lifinyelela inani elidingekayo, yenza injini yepompo yamanzi izinze ngesivinini samanje sokuzungeza (ngalesi sikhathi, amanzi azungeza epayipini lokulinganiswa). Setha isikhathi sokushintsha se-deflector. Ngemuva kokuthi isimo sokusebenza sizinzile, vula i-valve ye-solenoid bese uqala isikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, shintsha amanzi epayipini uwafake ethangini lokulinganisa. Lapho isikhathi sesiphelile, i-valve ye-solenoid iyanqanyulwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, amanzi ashintshelwa epayipini lokulinganisa, futhi isivinini sokuzungeza senjini yepompo yamanzi siyehla ukuze sizinze ngesivinini esithile. Funda idatha efanele. Bese ukhipha amanzi bese ulinganisa iphuzu elilandelayo.
2.5 ukushintsha okwenziwa ngesandla / okuzenzakalelayo
Ukuze kube lula ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kwamaphutha kwesistimu, ikhibhodi eyenziwa ngesandla idizayinelwe isistimu. U-opharetha angakwazi ukulawula isenzo se-valve ethile ngokuzimela ngokusebenzisa ikhibhodi ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa ukukhiya. Uhlelo lusebenzisa imojuli ye-NAIS ye-I / O ekude, engenza ikhibhodi isebenze ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ngesikhathi sokushintsha okwenziwa ngesandla / okuzenzakalelayo, isimo se-valve sihlala singashintshile.
Uhlelo lwamukela i-PLC njengesilawuli esiyinhloko, esenza uhlelo lube lula futhi luqinisekise ukwethembeka okuphezulu nokugcinwa kwesistimu; I-PROFIBUS ibona ukudluliswa kwedatha okuphelele, igwema ukuphazamiseka kazibuthe, futhi yenza uhlelo luhlangabezane nezidingo zokunemba komklamo; Ukwabelana ngedatha phakathi kwamadivaysi ahlukene kuyabonakala; Ukuvumelana nezimo kwe-PROFIBUS kunikeza izimo ezilula zokunwetshwa kwesistimu. Uhlelo lokuklama uhlelo olususelwe ebhasini lasezimbonini lizoba inkambiso yokusetshenziswa kwezimboni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-24-2022
