Muva nje, isiFundazwe saseSichuan sikhiphe idokhumenti “isaziso esiphuthumayo sokwandisa ububanzi bokuphakelwa kukagesi ezinkampanini zezimboni nakubantu”, esidinga bonke abasebenzisi bakagesi ukuthi bamise ukukhiqiza izinsuku eziyi-6 ohlelweni lokusebenzisa ugesi oluhlelekile. Ngenxa yalokho, inani elikhulu lezinkampani ezisohlwini lathinteka. Ngokukhishwa kwezingxoxo ezimbalwa, isilinganiso samandla e-Sichuan sesiphenduke isihloko esishisayo.
Ngokombhalo okhishwe ngokuhlanganyela uMnyango wezomnotho nobuchwepheshe bolwazi weSifundazwe saseSichuan kanye nenkampani kagesi ye-State Grid Sichuan, isikhathi salo mkhawulo kagesi sisuka ngo-0:00 ngo-August 15 kuya ku-24:00 ngo-August 20, 2022. Kamuva, izinkampani ezimbalwa ezisohlwini zakhipha izimemezelo ezifanele, zithi zazizothola izaziso ezihambisana nokusebenzelana nohulumeni.
Ngokwezimemezelo zezinkampani ezisohlwini, izinhlobo zezinkampani nezimboni ezihilelekile ekukhawulweni kwamandla kwamanje kwe-Sichuan zifaka izinto ze-silicon, umanyolo wamakhemikhali, amakhemikhali, amabhethri, njll. Lawa wonke amabhizinisi asebenzisa amandla aphezulu, futhi lezi zimboni zingamandla amakhulu okukhula kwentengo ekukhuleni kwakamuva kwempahla eyinqwaba. Manje, inkampani iye yavalwa isikhathi eside, futhi umthelela wayo embonini wanele ngempela ukuheha ukunaka kwawo wonke amaqembu.
ISichuan yisifundazwe esikhulu embonini ye-photovoltaic yaseChina. Ngaphezu kwebhizinisi lendawo i-Tongwei, i-Jingke energy kanye nobuchwepheshe be-GCL bamise izisekelo zokukhiqiza eSichuan. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla lokukhiqizwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-silicon ye-photovoltaic kanye nesixhumanisi sokudonsa induku liphezulu, futhi ukuvinjelwa kwamandla kunomthelela omkhulu kulezi zixhumanisi ezimbili. Lo mzuliswano wokukhawulelwa kukagesi wenza imakethe ikhathazeke ngokuthi ukungalingani phakathi kokuphakelwa kanye nesidingo sochungechunge olukhona lwezimboni kuzobhebhethekiswa yini nakakhulu.
Ngokusho kwedatha, umthamo osebenzayo we-silicon yensimbi eSichuan ungamathani angama-817000, okubalelwa ku-16% yenani eliphelele lezwe. NgoJulayi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicon yensimbi eSichuan kwaba amathani angama-65600, okulinganiselwa ku-21% wesamba esiphelele sezwe lonke. Njengamanje, intengo yezinto ze-silicon ibe sezingeni eliphezulu. Ngo-Agasti 10, intengo ephezulu yokuphakelwa kabusha kwekristalu eyodwa ikhuphuke yafinyelela ku-308000 yuan / ton.
Ngokungeziwe ezintweni ze-silicon nezinye izimboni ezithintwa inqubomgomo yokuvinjelwa kwamandla, i-electrolytic aluminium, ibhethri ye-lithium, umanyolo nezinye izimboni esifundazweni saseSichuan nazo zizothinteka.
Ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, umagazini wezamandla wathola ukuthi amabhizinisi ezimboni nezentengiselwano e-Chengdu nasezindaweni ezizungezile ahlushwa izilinganiso zikagesi. Umuntu ophethe ibhizinisi elikhiqizayo watshela intatheli ye-Energy Magazine: “Kumelwe sibheke phambili ekunqanyulweni kukagesi okungaphazanyiswa nsuku zonke.” Okwethusa kakhulu ukuthi sitshelwa kungazelelwe ukuthi ugesi uzonqanyulwa ngokushesha, futhi asinaso isikhathi sokulungiselela ukucisha.
ISichuan yisifundazwe esikhulu esiphehla ugesi ngamanzi. Ngokwethiyori, kusenkathi yemvula. Kungani kunenkinga enkulu yokuvinjelwa kwamandla eSichuan?
Ukuntuleka kwamanzi ngenkathi yemvula yisona sizathu esikhulu esenza iSifundazwe saseSichuan siphoqeleke ukuthi sisebenzise umkhawulo oqinile kagesi kulo nyaka.
Amandla kagesi aseChina anezici ezisobala “zehlobo eliningi kanye nobusika obomile”. Ngokuvamile, inkathi yemvula eSichuan isuka ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba, futhi inkathi eyomile isuka ngoDisemba kuya ku-April.
Nokho, isimo sezulu kuleli hlobo asivamile neze.
Ngokombono wokongiwa kwamanzi, isomiso salo nyaka sibi kakhulu, sithinta kakhulu umthamo wamanzi e-Yangtze River Basin. Kusukela maphakathi noJuni, imvula e-Yangtze River Basin ishintshile isuka kokuningi yaba ngaphansi. Phakathi kwazo, imvula ngasekupheleni kukaJuni ingaphansi kuka-20%, nokuthi ngoJulayi ingaphansi kwama-30%. Ikakhulukazi, umfudlana oyinhloko wezindawo eziphansi zoMfula i-Yangtze kanye nesistimu yamanzi yase-Poyang Lake ingaphansi kuka-50%, okuyiyona ephansi kakhulu esikhathini esifanayo eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule.
Engxoxweni, uZhang Jun, umqondisi wehhovisi le-hydrology yeKhomishini yoMfula iYangtze kanye nomqondisi wesikhungo solwazi lwamanzi kanye nesibikezelo, uthe: okwamanje, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi angenayo, umthamo wokugcina amanzi wezindawo eziningi zokulawula ezindaweni eziphakeme zoMfula iYangtze mancane uma kuqhathaniswa, kanti izinga lamanzi omfula ogeleza kakhulu liyehla futhi liyancipha phakathi nomfula iYang. okuyinto ephansi kakhulu kunaleyo enkathini efanayo emlandweni. Isibonelo, izinga lamanzi eziteshini ezinkulu ezifana ne-Hankou ne-Datong liphansi ngamamitha angu-5-6. Kubikezelwa ukuthi imvula e-Yangtze River Basin isazoba ngaphansi maphakathi nasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, ikakhulukazi eningizimu yezindawo ezimaphakathi neziphansi zoMfula i-Yangtze.
Ngo-Agasti 13, izinga lamanzi esiteshini saseHankou eMfuleni iYangtze eWuhan lalingu-17.55m, elehla ngokuqondile inani eliphansi kakhulu ngesikhathi esifanayo kusukela kumarekhodi e-hydrological.
Isimo sezulu esomile asigcini nje ngokuholela ekuncipheni okubukhali kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi, kodwa futhi kwandisa ngokuqondile umthwalo wamandla wokupholisa.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu, isidingo samandla okupholisa umoya senyuke kakhulu. Ukuthengiswa kwamandla kagesi we-State Grid Sichuan ngoJulayi kufinyelele ku-29.087 billion kwh, okuwukukhula ngo-19.79% unyaka nonyaka, nokubeka irekhodi elisha lokuthengiswa kukagesi ngenyanga eyodwa.
Kusukela ngomhla ka-4 kuya ku-16 kuJulayi, i-Sichuan yabhekana nesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu sesikhathi eside nesisezingeni eliphezulu esingavamile ukubonwa emlandweni. Umthamo omkhulu wegridi kagesi yaseSichuan ufinyelele kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-59.1, okuwukukhuphuka ngo-14% kunonyaka odlule. Isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kukagesi nsuku zonke kwezakhamuzi sifinyelele ezigidini ezingama-344 kWh, okuwukunyuka kwama-93.3% kunonyaka odlule.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukunikezwa kwamandla kuyancipha kakhulu, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, umthwalo wamandla uyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ukungalingani phakathi kokuphakelwa kukagesi kanye nesidingo kusaqhubeka nokubekelwa endaweni engafanele futhi akukwazi ukuncishiswa. Okugcina kubangela ukunqanyulwa kwamandla.
Izizathu ezijulile:
Ukungqubuzana kokulethwa kanye nokuntuleka kwekhono lokulawula
Kodwa-ke, iSichuan futhi iyisifundazwe sokudluliswa kwamandla okujwayelekile. NgoJuni 2022, igridi yamandla kagesi yaseSichuan isiqongelele u-1.35 trillion kwh kagesi eMpumalanga China, eNyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-China, eNyakatho ne-China, enkabeni ye-China, e-Chongqing nase-Tibet.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuphakelwa kukagesi esifundazweni saseSichuan kuyinsada ngokuphehlwa kukagesi. Ngo-2021, ukuphehlwa kukagesi esiFundazweni saseSichuan kuzoba ngu-432.95 kWh, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwamandla omphakathi wonke kuzoba ngu-327.48 kWh kuphela. Uma ungathunyelwanga, kusazoba nokumoshakala kukagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi eSichuan.
Njengamanje, amandla okudluliswa kwamandla esiFundazweni saseSichuan asefinyelele kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-30.6, futhi kukhona iziteshi zokudlulisela “ezine eziqondile neziyisishiyagalombili ezishintshanayo”.
Kodwa-ke, ukulethwa kweSichuan Hydropower akukhona ukuthi “Ngiyisebenzisa kuqala, bese ngiyiletha lapho ngingeke ngikwazi ukuyisebenzisa”, kodwa isimiso esifanayo sokuthi “khokha njengoba uhamba”. Kunesivumelwano sokuthi “kuthunyelwe nini nokuthi kuthunyelwe malini” ezifundazweni lapho amandla ahanjiswa khona.
Abangane eSichuan bangase bazizwe “bengafanele”, kodwa lokhu kubonisa ukubaluleka kwenkontileka. Uma kungekho ukulethwa kwangaphandle, ukwakhiwa kukagesi ngamanzi esiFundazweni saseSichuan ngeke kube nezomnotho, futhi ngeke zibe neziteshi eziningi kangaka zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi. Lezi yizindleko zokuthuthukiswa ngaphansi kohlelo lwamanje kanye nendlela.
Kodwa-ke, ngisho noma kungekho ukudluliswa kwamandla angaphandle, kusekhona ukushoda kwenkathi ethile kagesi eSichuan, okuyisifundazwe esikhulu esiphehlwa ngamanzi.
Kunomehluko wesizini kanye nokuntuleka kwamandla okulawula ukugeleza kwamandla kagesi e-China. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isiteshi esiphehla ugesi ngamanzi singathembela kuphela enanini lamanzi angenayo ukuze sikhiqize ugesi. Uma kufika isikhathi esomile sasebusika, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi esiteshini sokuphehla ugesi kuzokwehla kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, amandla kagesi aseChina anezici ezisobala “zehlobo eliningi nobusika obomile”. Ngokuvamile, inkathi yemvula eSichuan isuka ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba, futhi inkathi eyomile isuka ngoDisemba kuya ku-April.
Phakathi nenkathi yemvula, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kukhulu, futhi ngisho nokuhlinzekwa kudlula isidingo, ngakho-ke kukhona "amanzi ashiywe". Enkathini eyomile, ukuphehlwa kukagesi akwanele, okungase kuholele ekunikezeni isidingo esingaphezu kwesidingo.
Yebo, iSifundazwe saseSichuan sinezindlela ezithile zokulawula isizini, futhi manje sekuwukulawulwa kwamandla ashisayo.
Ngo-Okthoba 2021, umthamo wamandla afakiwe wesiFundazwe sase-Sichuan weqe ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-100, okuhlanganisa nama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-85.9679 wamanzi kanye nama-kilowatts angaphansi kwezigidi ezingama-20 amandla ashisayo. Ngokohlelo lwe-14 lweminyaka emihlanu lwamandla e-Sichuan, ngo-2025, amandla ashisayo azoba cishe ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-23.
Kodwa-ke, ngoNtulikazi kulo nyaka, umthamo omkhulu wamandla wegridi yamandla kagesi yaseSichuan ufinyelele ku-59.1 million kilowatts. Ngokusobala, uma kunenkinga enkulu yokuthi ugesi wamanzi awukwazi ukukhiqiza ugesi emanzini aphansi (ngisho ngaphandle kokucabangela ukuvinjelwa kukaphethiloli), kunzima ukusekela amandla eSichuan ngamandla ashisayo kuphela.
Enye indlela yokulawula ukuzilawula kwamandla kagesi. Okokuqala nje, isiteshi sikagesi esiphehlwa ngamanzi siphinde sibe yindawo yokugcina amanzi enekhono elihlukile. Ukulawulwa kwamanzi ngezikhathi ezithile kungase kusetshenziswe ukuze kuhlinzekwe ugesi ngenkathi eyomile. Kodwa-ke, amachibi eziteshi eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi avame ukuba nomthamo omncane wokugcina kanye namandla aphansi okulawula. Ngakho-ke, i-reservoir ehamba phambili iyadingeka.
I-Longtou reservoir yakhiwe phezulu kakhulu kwesiteshi sikagesi esiseceleni. Umthamo wokukhiqiza amandla ofakiwe mncane noma cha, kodwa umthamo wokugcina mkhulu. Ngale ndlela, ukulawulwa kokugeleza kwesizini kungenziwa.
Ngokwemininingwane kahulumeni wesifundazwe sase-Sichuan, umthamo ofakiwe weziteshi zikagesi ezinamanzi wesizini nangaphezulu ungaphansi kuka-40% wesamba esifakiwe samandla aphehlwa ngamanzi. Uma ukushoda okukhulu kwamandla kuleli hlobo kuyinto eyenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, ukushoda kwamandla enkathi eyomile ebusika eSichuan kungase kube isimo esivamile.
Ungakugwema kanjani ukulinganiselwa kwamandla?
Kunamazinga amaningana ezinkinga. Okokuqala nje, inkinga yesizini kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi idinga ukuqinisa ukwakhiwa kwedamu elihamba phambili kanye nokwakhiwa kokuphakelwa kukagesi oguquguqukayo. Uma ucabangela izithiyo zekhabhoni zesikhathi esizayo, ukwakha isiteshi samandla ashisayo kungase kungabi umqondo omuhle.
Ebhekisela kokuhlangenwe nakho kweNorway, izwe laseNordic, i-90% yamandla ayo inikezwa yi-hydropower, engagcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuzinza kwamandla asekhaya, kodwa futhi ingakhipha amandla aluhlaza. Isihluthulelo sempumelelo silele ekwakhiweni okuphusile kwemakethe kagesi kanye nokudlala ngokugcwele kwamandla okulawula amanzi ngokwawo.
Uma inkinga yesizini ingaxazululeki, ngokombono wemakethe emsulwa kanye nezomnotho, amandla kagesi ahlukile kunezamcolo nokomile, ngakho-ke intengo kagesi kufanele iguquke ngokwemvelo ngokushintsha kokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo. Ingabe lokhu kuzowenza buthaka ukukhangwa kweSichuan emabhizinisini asebenzisa amandla amaningi?
Yiqiniso, lokhu akukwazi ukwenziwa jikelele. I-Hydropower ingamandla ahlanzekile futhi avuselelekayo. Akuyona nje kuphela intengo kagesi kodwa futhi ukubaluleka kwawo okuluhlaza kufanele kucatshangelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkinga yamanzi amaningi kanye namanzi amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi ingase ibe ngcono ngemva kokwakhiwa kwedamu laseLongtou. Noma ngabe ukuthengiselana kwemakethe kuholela ekushintshashintsheni kwentengo kagesi, ngeke kube khona umehluko omkhulu njalo.
Ingabe singayibuyekeza imithetho yokudluliswa kwamandla kwangaphandle kweSichuan? Ngaphansi komkhawulo womthetho othi "thatha noma ukhokhe", uma amandla kagesi engena enkathini exegayo, ngisho noma inhlangano eyamukela amandla ingawadingi amandla angaka angaphandle, kuyodingeka iwamunce, futhi ukulahlekelwa kuyoba izithakazelo zamabhizinisi aphehla ugesi esifundazweni.
Ngakho-ke, akukaze kube nomthetho ophelele, kuphela ukuba ube nobulungisa ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngaphansi kwesimo lapho "igridi eyodwa kazwelonke" yangempela kunzima ukuyibona okwesikhashana, ngenxa yemakethe yamandla aphelele efanelekile kanye nokushoda kwezinsiza zamandla aluhlaza, kungase kudingeke ukuthi kucatshangelwe umngcele wemakethe wezifundazwe ezithumelayo, bese izihloko zemakethe yokugcina ezitholayo zibhekana ngqo nezihloko zemakethe yokuthumela. Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo “zokungabikho ukushoda kukagesi ezifundazweni ekupheleni kokudluliswa kukagesi” kanye “nokuthengwa kwamandla lapho kudingeka khona ezifundazweni ekupheleni kokwamukela ugesi”
Esimeni sokungalingani okukhulu phakathi kokuphakelwa kukagesi kanye nesidingo, umkhawulo kagesi ohleliwe ngokungangabazeki ungcono kunomkhawulo kagesi ongazelelwe, ogwema ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho. Ukunciphisa amandla akusona isiphetho, kodwa kuyindlela yokuvimbela izingozi ezinkulu zegridi yamandla.
Eminyakeni emibili edlule, "isilinganiso samandla" siye savela ngokuqhubekayo embonweni wethu. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi isikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwentuthuko esheshayo yemboni yamandla sesidlulile. Ngaphansi kwethonya lochungechunge lwezinto, kungase kudingeke sibhekane nenkinga eyandayo yokuphakelwa kukagesi kanye nebhalansi yesidingo.
Ukubhekana nezimbangela ngesibindi nokuxazulula izinkinga ngezinguquko, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinye izindlela kuyisinqumo esilungile “sokuqeda ngokuphelele ukulinganiselwa kwamandla” futhi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-17-2022
