Njengomthombo wamandla avuselelekayo ophendula ngokushesha, amandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi ngokuvamile adlala indima yokulawulwa okuphezulu kanye nokulawulwa kwemvamisa kugridi yamandla, okusho ukuthi amayunithi kagesi asebenzisa amanzi avame ukudinga ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukile ezimweni zomklamo. Ngokuhlaziya inani elikhulu ledatha yokuhlola, kuvezwa ukuthi lapho i-turbine isebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezona ezomklamo, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo zomthwalo ongaphelele, kuzovela ukucindezela okunamandla epayipini lokudonsa le-turbine. Ukuphindaphinda okuphansi kwalokhu kucindezela kuzothinta kabi ukusebenza okuzinzile kwe-turbine kanye nokuphepha kweyunithi kanye ne-workshop. Ngakho-ke, ukucindezela kwepayipi lokudonsa kuye kwakhathazeka kakhulu imboni kanye nezemfundo.
Njengoba inkinga yokucindezela kwe-pressure pulsation ku-draft tube ye-turbine yaqala ukuphakanyiswa ngo-1940, imbangela ibilokhu ixoxwa futhi ixoxwa yizazi eziningi. Njengamanje, izazi ngokuvamile zikholelwa ukuthi ukucindezela kwe-draft tube ngaphansi kwezimo zomthwalo ongaphelele kubangelwa ukunyakaza kwe-spiral vortex ku-draft tube; ukuba khona kwe-vortex kwenza ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi engxenyeni ephambene ye-draft tube kungalingani, futhi ngokujikeleza kwebhande le-vortex, insimu yengcindezi engalingani nayo iyajikeleza, okwenza ingcindezi ishintshe ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwakha i-pressure pulsation. I-helical vortex ibangelwa ukugeleza okujikelezayo ku-draft tube inlet ngaphansi kwezimo zomthwalo ongaphelele (okungukuthi, kukhona ingxenye ye-tangential yejubane). I-US Bureau of Reclamation yenze ucwaningo lokuhlola ku-swirl ku-draft tube, futhi yahlaziya ukuma kwe-vortex nokuziphatha ngaphansi kwama-swirl degrees ahlukene. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi kuphela lapho i-swirl degree ifinyelela ezingeni elithile, i-spiral vortex band izovela ku-draft tube. I-helical vortex ivela ngaphansi kwezimo zomthwalo ongaphelele, ngakho-ke kuphela uma izinga lokugeleza elihlobene (Q/Qd, Qd kuyizinga lokugeleza kwephuzu lokuklama) lokusebenza kwe-turbine liphakathi kuka-0.5 no-0.85, kuzovela ukushaya kwengcindezi okukhulu ku-draft tube. Imvamisa yengxenye eyinhloko yokushaya kwengcindezi okubangelwa yibhande le-vortex iphansi kakhulu, okulingana nemvamisa yokujikeleza engu-0.2 kuya ku-0.4, futhi uma i-Q/Qd incane, kulapho imvamisa yokushaya kwengcindezi iphakama khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kwenzeka i-cavitation, amabhamuza omoya akhiqizwa ku-vortex azokwandisa usayizi we-vortex futhi enze ukushaya kwengcindezi kube kukhulu kakhulu, futhi imvamisa yokushaya kwengcindezi nayo izoshintsha.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zomthwalo ongaphelele, ukucindezela kwe-pulse ku-draft tube kungaba usongo olukhulu ekusebenzeni okuzinzile nokuphephile kweyunithi kagesi wamanzi. Ukuze kucindezelwe lokhu kucindezela kwe-pulse, kuye kwaphakanyiswa imibono nezindlela eziningi, njengokufaka amaphiko odongeni lwe-draft tube nokungena ngaphakathi ku-draft tube kuyizindlela ezimbili ezisebenzayo. UNishi nabanye basebenzise izindlela zokuhlola nezezinombolo ukutadisha umphumela wamaphiko ekucindezelweni kwe-draft tube, okuhlanganisa nemiphumela yezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphiko, imiphumela yenani lamaphiko kanye nezikhundla zawo zokufaka. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi ukufakwa kwamaphiko kunganciphisa kakhulu ukungafani kwe-vortex futhi kunciphise ukucindezela kwe-pulse. UDmitry nabanye bathole nokuthi ukufakwa kwamaphiko kunganciphisa ubukhulu be-pulse ye-pressure ngo-30% kuya ku-40%. Ukuphefumula kusuka emgodini ophakathi we-main shaft kuya ku-draft tube nakho kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokucindezela ukucindezela kwe-pulse. Izinga lokungafani kwe-vortex. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uNishi nabanye. wazama futhi ukufaka umoya epayipini lokudonsa ngemigodi emincane ebusweni bephiko, futhi wathola ukuthi le ndlela ingacindezela ukushaya kwengcindezi futhi inani lomoya elidingekayo lincane kakhulu uma iphiko lingakwazi ukusebenza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-09-2022
