Ukusebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi amanzi agelezayo ukukhiqiza ugesi kubizwa ngokuthi amandla e-hydropower.
Amandla adonsela phansi amanzi asetshenziselwa ukujikelezisa ama-turbine, aphendula omazibuthe kuma-generator ajikelezayo ukuze akhiqize ugesi, kanti amandla amanzi nawo ahlukaniswa njengomthombo wamandla avuselelekayo. Ungomunye wobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ugesi obudala kakhulu, obushibhile futhi obulula kakhulu.
Amandla kagesi ageleza ngamanzi ahlukaniswe kabanzi ngezigaba ezine: ezivamile (amadamu), indawo yokugcina amanzi empompiwe, ezisogwini lomfula kanye nasezindaweni ezisogwini lolwandle (amaza olwandle). Amandla kagesi ageleza ngamanzi angenye yemithombo emithathu ephezulu kagesi emhlabeni, eminye emibili ukushiswa kwamafutha emvelo kanye nawasenuzi. Njengamanje, ayingxenye eyodwa kweziyisithupha zokukhiqizwa kukagesi emhlabeni.
Izinzuzo zikagesi wamanzi
Iphephile Futhi Ihlanzekile – Ngokungafani neminye imithombo yamandla njengezinto zokubasa, ihlanzekile futhi iluhlaza njenge-biomass yenuzi. Lezi zitshalo zamandla azisebenzisi noma zikhiphe uphethiloli ngakho-ke azikhiphi amagesi okushisa ukushisa.
Ivuseleleka – Ibhekwa njengomthombo wamandla avuselelekayo ngoba isebenzisa amanzi omhlaba ukukhiqiza ugesi. Amanzi aphinde asetshenziswe abuyele emhlabeni ngendlela yawo yemvelo ngaphandle kokungcola. Awapheli ngenxa yomjikelezo wamanzi wemvelo.
Izindleko Ezingabizi – Naphezu kwezindleko ezinkulu zokwakha, ugesi wamanzi ungumthombo wamandla oncintisanayo nezindleko ngoba izindleko zokulungisa nezokusebenza ziphansi kakhulu.
Umthombo Oguquguqukayo – Lona umthombo kagesi oguquguqukayo njengoba lezi zitshalo zamandla zingakhula ngokushesha ngokuya ngesidingo samandla. Isikhathi sokuqala kwe-hydro turbine sincane kakhulu kunese-steam noma i-gas turbine.
Okunye Ukusetshenziswa – La manzi angasetshenziswa futhi ekuniseleni nasekufuyeni izilwane zasemanzini ngenxa yamachibi amakhulu adalwe amaphrojekthi kagesi wamanzi. Ichibi elakhiwe ngemuva kwedamu lingasetshenziswa ngezinhloso ezifana nemidlalo yasemanzini kanye nemisebenzi yokuzilibazisa, okwenza kube yindawo yokuvakasha engenza imali.
Izinkinga zikagesi wamanzi
Izindleko ezinkulu kakhulu zebhizinisi – Lezi ziteshi zikagesi namadamu ngezinye izikhathi zibiza kakhulu. Izindleko zokwakha ziphezulu kakhulu.
Ingozi yokwehluleka – Amadamu avimba amanzi amaningi ngenxa yezikhukhula, izinhlekelele zemvelo, umonakalo kubantu, ikhwalithi yokwakha, futhi angaba nemiphumela emibi ezindaweni ezingezansi komfula kanye nengqalasizinda. Ukwehluleka okunjalo kungathinta ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nezitshalo nezilwane, futhi kungabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kanye nokulimala.
Umonakalo wesistimu yezemvelo - Amadamu amakhulu abangela ukugcwala okukhulu kwamanzi phezulu kwamadamu, ngezinye izikhathi abhubhise izindawo eziphansi, amahlathi asezigodini kanye notshani. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuzothinta nemvelo yasemanzini ezungeze isitshalo. Umphumela omuhle ezinhlanzini, ezinyonini zasemanzini nakwezinye izilwane.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-04-2022
