I-turbine yamanzi, lapho ama-turbine kaKaplan, Pelton, kanye noFrancis eyiwona avame kakhulu, ingumshini omkhulu ojikelezayo osebenza ukuguqula amandla e-kinetic kanye ne-potential abe ugesi wamanzi. Lezi zinto zanamuhla ezifana nesondo lamanzi ziye zasetshenziswa iminyaka engaphezu kwe-135 ekukhiqizeni ugesi wezimboni, futhi muva nje ekukhiqizeni ugesi wamanzi.
Zisetshenziswa Kanjani Ama-Water Turbine Namuhla?
Namuhla, ugesi wamanzi unegalelo ku-16% wokukhiqizwa kukagesi emhlabeni. Ngekhulu le-19, ama-turbine amanzi ayesetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ugesi wezimboni ngaphambi kokuba amagridi kagesi asakazeke kabanzi. Njengamanje, asetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kukagesi futhi angatholakala emadamini noma ezindaweni lapho kwenzeka khona ukugeleza kwamanzi amaningi.
Njengoba isidingo samandla emhlabeni wonke sikhuphuka ngokushesha kanye nezici ezifana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokunciphisa uphethiloli, ugesi wamanzi unamandla okwenza umthelela omkhulu njengohlobo lwamandla aluhlaza emhlabeni jikelele. Njengoba ukusesha imithombo yamandla enobungani nemvelo kanye nehlanzekile kuqhubeka, ama-turbine kaFrancis angaba yisisombululo esithandwa kakhulu futhi esamukelwa kabanzi eminyakeni ezayo.
Ama-Water Turbines Akhiqiza Kanjani Ugesi?
Umfutho wamanzi odalwe ngamanzi ageleza ngokwemvelo noma ngokwenziwa ukhona njengomthombo wamandla wama-turbine amanzi. Lawa mandla ayabanjwa bese eguqulwa abe amandla kagesi wamanzi. Isitshalo sikagesi wamanzi ngokuvamile sisebenzisa idamu emfuleni osebenzayo ukugcina amanzi. Amanzi abe esekhishwa ngokwanda, ageleze nge-turbine, ayijikelezise, bese evula ijeneretha ekhiqiza ugesi.
Zinkulu Kangakanani Ama-Water Turbines?
Ngokusekelwe ekhanda asebenza ngaphansi kwalo, ama-water turbine angahlukaniswa abe yi-high, medium, kanye ne-low head. Izinhlelo zamandla kagesi eziphansi zinkulu, njengoba i-water turbine kufanele ibe nkulu ukuze ifinyelele izinga lokugeleza eliphezulu kuyilapho kusetshenziswa umfutho wamanzi ophansi kuzo zonke izindwani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlelo zamandla kagesi eziphansi azidingi ububanzi obukhulu kangaka bomphezulu, njengoba zisetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa amandla avela emithonjeni yamanzi ehamba ngokushesha.
Ishadi elichaza ubukhulu bezingxenye ezahlukene zesistimu yamandla kagesi okuhlanganisa ne-turbine yamanzi
Ishadi elichaza ubukhulu bezingxenye ezahlukene zesistimu yamandla kagesi okuhlanganisa ne-turbine yamanzi
Ngezansi, sizochaza izibonelo ezimbalwa zezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-turbine amanzi asetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa kanye nomfutho wamanzi.
I-Kaplan Turbine (Ikhanda Lokucindezela elingu-0-60m)
Lawa ma-turbine aziwa ngokuthi ama-turbine e-axial flow reaction, njengoba eshintsha ingcindezi yamanzi njengoba egeleza kuwo. I-turbine ye-Kaplan ifana ne-propeller futhi inama-blade alungisekayo ukuze andise ukusebenza kahle phezu kwamazinga amanzi nokucindezela ahlukahlukene.
Umdwebo we-turbine ye-Kaplan
I-Pelton Turbine (300m-1600m Ikhanda Lokucindezela)
I-turbine ye-Pelton—noma isondo le-Pelton—yaziwa ngokuthi i-turbine ye-impulse, njengeyodwa ekhipha amandla emanzini ahambayo. Le turbine ifanele ukusetshenziswa kwekhanda eliphezulu, njengoba idinga inani elikhulu lokucindezela kwamanzi ukuze isebenzise amandla emabhakedeni amise okwesipuni, futhi ibangele ukuthi idiski ijikeleze futhi ikhiqize amandla.
I-turbine ye-Pelton
I-Francis Turbine (Ikhanda Lokucindezela Eliyi-60m-300m)
I-turbine yamanzi yokugcina neyaziwa kakhulu, i-turbine kaFrancis, ihlanganisa u-60% wamandla kagesi emhlabeni. Isebenza njenge-turbine yomthelela kanye nokusabela esebenza ekhanda eliphakathi, i-turbine kaFrancis ihlanganisa imiqondo yokugeleza kwe-axial kanye ne-radial. Ngokwenza lokhu, i-turbine igcwalisa igebe phakathi kwama-turbine aphezulu naphansi, idala umklamo osebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi inselele onjiniyela namuhla ukuthi bathuthukise kakhulu kuyo.
Ngokuqondile, i-turbine kaFrancis isebenza ngamanzi ageleza nge-spiral casing aye kuma-guide vanes (amile) alawula ukugeleza kwamanzi eya kuma-runner blades (ahambayo). Amanzi aphoqa umgijimi ukuba ajikeleze ngomthelela ohlangene kanye nokusabela kwamandla, ekugcineni aphume kumgijimi ngepayipi elikhipha amanzi endaweni yangaphandle.
Ngingayikhetha Kanjani Idizayini Ye-Water Turbine?
Ukukhetha umklamo we-turbine ofanele kakhulu kuvame ukwehla entweni eyodwa; inani lekhanda kanye nesivinini sokugeleza esitholakalayo kuwe. Uma usuvele usungule ukuthi hlobo luni lokucindezela kwamanzi ongalusebenzisa, ungabe usunquma ukuthi "umklamo we-turbine yokusabela" ohlanganisiwe njenge-turbine kaFrancis noma "umklamo we-turbine yokucindezela" ovulekile, njenge-turbine kaPelton ulungele kangcono.
Umdwebo we-turbine yamanzi
Ekugcineni, ungasungula isivinini esidingekayo sokujikeleza kwejeneretha yakho kagesi oyihlongozayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-15-2022
