I-turbine yamanzi, ne-Kaplan, Pelton, kanye ne-Francis turbines ezivame kakhulu, umshini omkhulu ojikelezayo osebenza ukuguqula amandla e-kinetic kanye namandla angaba ngugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi. Lezi zilinganiso zesimanje zesondo lamanzi sezisetshenziswe iminyaka engaphezu kwe-135 ekuphehleni ugesi ezimbonini, futhi muva nje kuphehlwa amandla kagesi ngamanzi.
Yiziphi Iziphequluli Zamanzi Ezisetshenziswa Namuhla?
Namuhla, amandla kagesi afaka isandla ku-16% wokuphehlwa kukagesi emhlabeni. Ngekhulu le-19, izinjini zamanzi zazisetshenziselwa kakhulu amandla ezimboni ngaphambi kokuba amagridi kagesi asabalale. Njengamanje, asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi futhi angatholakala emadamini noma ezindaweni lapho ukugeleza kwamanzi amakhulu kwenzeka khona.
Njengoba isidingo samandla emhlabeni wonke sikhuphuka ngokushesha kanye nezici ezifana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuncipha kwezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi, ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi unamandla okwenza umthelela omkhulu njengendlela yamandla aluhlaza emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba uphenyo lwemithombo yamandla ehambisana nemvelo nehlanzekile luqhubeka, izinjini zomoya zikaFrancis zingaba yisixazululo esithandwa kakhulu nesikhula ngokwandayo eminyakeni ezayo.
Ziwukhiqiza Kanjani Ugesi Wamanzi?
Umfutho wamanzi odalwe emanzini agelezayo ngokwemvelo noma ngokwenziwa ukhona njengomthombo wamandla wezinjini zamanzi. La mandla ayabanjwa bese ephendulwa amandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi. Isikhungo esiphehla ugesi ngamanzi ngokuvamile sizosebenzisa idamu emfuleni osebenzayo ukugcina amanzi. Amanzi abe esededelwa ngokwandayo, egeleza ku-turbine, ayijikelezise, futhi avule umshini ophehla ugesi obese ukhiqiza ugesi.
Zingakanani Izinjini Zamanzi?
Ngokusekelwe ekhanda abasebenza ngaphansi kwalo, izinjini zamanzi zingahlukaniswa zibe yikhanda eliphezulu, eliphakathi nendawo neliphansi. Amasistimu wokuphehla amandla ngamanzi anekhanda eliphansi makhulu, njengoba i-turbine yamanzi kufanele ibe nkulu ukuze kuzuzwe izinga lokugeleza okuphezulu kuyilapho umfutho wamanzi ophansi usetshenziswa kuwo wonke ama-blade. Ngokulandelayo, amasistimu aphehla amandla ngamanzi anekhanda eliphezulu awadingi isiyingi esikhulu kangaka, njengoba asetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa amandla avela emithonjeni yamanzi ahamba ngokushesha.
Ishadi elichaza usayizi wezingxenye ezihlukene zesistimu yokuphehla amandla ngamanzi okuhlanganisa ne-turbine yamanzi
Ishadi elichaza usayizi wezingxenye ezihlukene zesistimu yokuphehla amandla ngamanzi okuhlanganisa ne-turbine yamanzi
Ngezansi, sizochaza izibonelo ezimbalwa zezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-turbines amanzi asetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene kanye nokucindezela kwamanzi.
I-Kaplan Turbine (0-60m Pressure Head)
Lawa ma-turbines aziwa ngokuthi ama-axial flow reaction turbines, njengoba eshintsha umfutho wamanzi njengoba egeleza kuwo. I-Kaplan turbine ifana ne-propeller futhi ifaka ama-blade alungisekayo ukuze kukhuliswe ukusebenza kahle phezu kobubanzi bamazinga okucindezela amanzi nokucindezela.
Umdwebo we-Kaplan turbine
I-Pelton Turbine (300m-1600m Pressure head)
I-Pelton turbine-noma isondo le-Pelton-yaziwa ngokuthi i-impulse turbine, njengaleyo ekhipha amandla emanzini ahambayo. Le turbine ifanele ukusetshenziswa kwekhanda eliphezulu, njengoba idinga inani eliphezulu lokucindezela kwamanzi ukuze ifake amandla emabhakedeni amise okwesipuni, futhi ibangele ukuthi idiski ijikeleze futhi ikhiqize amandla.
I-Pelton turbine
U-Francis Turbine (60m-300m Pressure Head)
I-turbine yamanzi yokugcina nedume kakhulu, i-Francis turbine, yenza u-60% wamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi emhlabeni. Isebenza njengenjini yomthelela kanye ne-reaction turbine esebenza ekhanda eliphakathi nendawo, i-Francis turbine ihlanganisa imiqondo yokugeleza kwe-axial ne-radial. Ngokwenza lokhu, i-turbine igcwalisa igebe phakathi kwezinjini zomoya eziphezulu nezinekhanda eliphansi, idale idizayini esebenza kahle kakhulu, kanye nonjiniyela abayinselele namuhla ukuze bathuthuke kuyo.
Ikakhulukazi, i-Francis turbine isebenza ngamanzi ageleza ku-spiral casing kuma (static) ama-vane aqondisayo alawula ukugeleza kwamanzi abheke kuma-runner blades (anyakazayo). Amanzi aphoqa umgijimi ukuthi ajikeleze emthelela ohlangene kanye nokusabela kwamandla, ekugcineni aphume kumgijimi ngeshubhu esalungiswa ekhipha ukugeleza kwamanzi endaweni yangaphandle.
Ngiwukhetha Kanjani Umklamo Wenjini Yamanzi?
Ukukhetha idizayini ye-turbine efanelekile kuvame ukwehlela entweni eyodwa; inani lekhanda nokugeleza okufinyeleleka kuwe. Uma usutholile ukuthi hlobo luni lomfutho wamanzi ongalusebenzisa, ungabese unquma ukuthi “idizayini ye-rection turbine” efakiwe efana ne-Francis turbine noma “idizayini ye-impulse turbine” evulekile, efana ne-Pelton turbine ilingana kangcono.
Umdwebo we-turbine yamanzi
Ekugcineni, ungasungula isivinini esidingekayo sokuzungezisa ijeneretha yakho kagesi ehlongozwayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-15-2022
