Ezweni elihlukahlukene lamandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi, lapho ukufakwa kusuka kumadamu amakhulu e-gigawatt kuya kuma-pico-turbine amancane, i-Francis turbine ibilokhu ibusa njengomklamo oguquguqukayo nosetshenziswa kabanzi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emkhakheni omncane kuya ophakathi nendawo, lapho i-100kW Francis turbine ivelele njengehhashi elisebenzayo eliqinile nelisebenza kahle kakhulu, elifanelekela kahle ukusebenzisa amandla emifula nemifudlana ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla ahlukaniswe.
I-turbine ye-Francis engu-100kW iyi-turbine yokusabela, okusho ukuthi isebenza ngokugcwele emanzini futhi isebenzisa kokubili ingcindezi yamanzi kanye nesivinini sayo ukukhiqiza amandla okujikeleza. Lokhu kuyisici esibalulekile sokuhlukanisa kuma-turbine okucindezela njengesondo likaPelton, elisebenzisa kakhulu amandla okuhamba kwamanzi. Ipuleti legama elithi “100kW” lisho umkhiqizo walo kagesi olinganiselwe—okwanele ukunika amandla njalo cishe amakhaya aseMelika angu-80-100, inani elikhulu emphakathini okude, embonini encane, noma emsebenzini wezolimo.
Umklamo we-turbine kaFrancis uyisimangaliso sobunjiniyela be-hydraulic. Amanzi aqondiswa ekhasejini elinomumo ojikelezayo, owaziwa ngokuthi i-volute, ehambisa ngokulinganayo ukugeleza okuzungeze i-turbine. Amanzi abe esedlula endandatho yama-vane aqondisayo ahleliwe, noma amasango e-wicket. Lawa ma-vane ayalungiseka, okuvumela opharetha ukuthi alawule inani kanye ne-engeli yokugeleza kwamanzi okungena ku-runner, okwenza i-turbine isebenze kahle kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo zokugeleza kwamanzi okuhlukahlukene kanye nengcindezi (ikhanda). Inhliziyo ye-turbine iyi-runner, uchungechunge lwama-blade agobile ngokucophelela aqiniswe phakathi kwamasongo amabili. Njengoba amanzi ehamba kulezi zindlela ezigobile, adlulisa amandla awo, okwenza i-runner ijikeleze. Amanzi abe esephuma nge-axial ngepayipi elidonsa umoya, elisiza ekubuyiseleni ingcindezi futhi landise ukusebenza kahle.
Isilinganiso esingu-100kW sifanelana kahle nobubanzi obuthile bezimo zamanzi. Ngokuvamile, i-turbine yalolu hlobo isebenza kahle ngaphansi kwekhanda eliphakathi nendawo—noma yikuphi ukusuka kumamitha angu-20 kuya kwangu-150—kanye nesivinini sokugeleza esiphakathi nendawo. Lokhu kuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi ezinamagquma noma zezintaba lapho kutholakala khona ukwehla okwanele okuqondile. Ikhono layo lokugcina ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu (ngokuvamile okungaphezu kuka-90%) phakathi kobubanzi bokugeleza ngenxa yama-vane ayo aqondiswayo alungisekayo kuyinzuzo eyinhloko.
Izicelo ze-turbine ye-Francis engu-100kW ziningi. Ziwumgogodla wama-mini-grid amaningi kanye namaphrojekthi kagesi amancane, ahlinzeka ngamandla athembekile, avuselelekayo, futhi anganakekelwa kahle emiphakathini engaphandle kwe-grid. Zisetshenziswa nasezitshalweni zezimboni ezincane, ezinhlelweni zokunisela, ngisho nanjengengxenye yezinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi emifuleni emikhulu lapho kufakwa khona ama-turbine amaningi ezindaweni ezahlukene.
Ekuphetheni, i-turbine kaFrancis engu-100kW imelela indawo enhle kubuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi. Inikeza indlela eqinisekisiwe, ethembekile, futhi ephumelela kakhulu yokuguqula amandla emvelo amanzi awela abe ugesi obalulekile. Kumaphrojekthi anezimpawu zekhanda eliphakathi kanye nokugeleza, isalokhu iyindlela engenakwehlulwa, ihlanganisa izimiso zeminyaka eminingi ze-fluid dynamics nezinto zesimanje kanye nobunjiniyela ukuze kunikezwe amandla ahlanzekile amashumi eminyaka.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-03-2025
