Taariikhda korontada biyaha ee Shiinaha

Saldhiggii ugu horreeyay ee korontada biyaha ee adduunka ayaa ka soo muuqday Faransiiska sanadkii 1878, halkaas oo laga dhisay saldhiggii ugu horreeyay ee korontada biyaha ee adduunka.
Hal-abuurihii Edison ayaa sidoo kale gacan ka geystay horumarinta saldhigyada korontada biyaha. Sannadkii 1882, Edison wuxuu ka dhisay Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Abel ee Wisconsin, USA.
Bilowgii, awoodda saldhigyada korontada biyaha ee la aasaasay aad bay u yarayd. Sannadkii 1889, saldhigga korontada biyaha ee ugu weyn adduunka wuxuu ku yaallay Japan, laakiin awooddiisa la rakibay waxay ahayd 48 kW oo keliya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, awoodda lagu rakibay saldhigyada korontada biyaha ayaa la sameeyay horumar la taaban karo. Sannadkii 1892, awoodda Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Niagara ee Mareykanka waxay ahayd 44000 kW. Sannadkii 1895, awoodda la rakibay ee Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Niagara wuxuu gaaray 147000 kW.

Ka dib markii la galay qarnigii 20-aad, korontada biyaha ee wadamada horumaray ee waaweyn ayaa gaartay horumar degdeg ah. Marka la gaaro 2021, awoodda korontada biyaha ee la rakibay ee caalamiga ah waxay gaari doontaa 1360GW.
Taariikhda isticmaalka korontada biyaha ee Shiinaha waxaa dib loogu celin karaa in ka badan 2000 oo sano ka hor, iyadoo biyaha loo isticmaalayo in lagu kaxeeyo taayirada biyaha, warshadaha biyaha, iyo warshadaha biyaha si wax soo saar iyo nolol loogu sameeyo.
Saldhiggii ugu horreeyay ee korontada biyaha ee Shiinaha waxaa la dhisay 1904. Waxay ahayd Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Guishan oo ay dhiseen duullaankii Japan ee Taiwan, Shiinaha.
Saldhiggii ugu horreeyay ee korontada biyaha laga dhaliyo ee laga dhisay dhul-weynaha Shiinaha wuxuu ahaa Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Shilongba ee Kunming, kaas oo la bilaabay bishii Agoosto 1910 isla markaana soo saaray koronto bishii Maajo 1912, iyadoo wadarta guud ee awoodda la rakibay ay tahay 489kW.
Labaatankii sano ee xigay ama wax la mid ah, sababtoo ah xasillooni darrada xaaladda gudaha, horumarinta korontada biyaha ee Shiinaha ma aysan sameyn horumar la taaban karo, waxaana la dhisay saldhigyo yar yar oo korontada biyaha ah, oo ay ku jiraan Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Dongwo ee Degmada Luxian, Sichuan, Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Duodi ee Tibet, iyo Saldhigyada Korontada Biyaha ee Xiadao, Shunchang, iyo Longxi ee Fujian.
Waqtigu wuxuu yimid xilligii Dagaalkii Ka Hortagga Jabbaan, markaas oo kheyraadka gudaha inta badan loo isticmaali jiray in lagu caabiyo gardarrada, oo kaliya saldhigyada korontada ee yar yar ayaa laga dhisay gobolka koonfur-galbeed, sida Saldhigga Taohuaxi ee Korontada Biyaha ee Sichuan iyo Saldhigga Tamarta Biyaha ee Nanqiao ee Yunnan; Aagga ay Jabbaan qabsatay, Jabbaan waxay ka dhistay dhowr saldhig oo waaweyn oo koronto ku shaqeeya, gaar ahaan Saldhigga Tamarta Biyaha ee Fengman ee ku yaal Webiga Songhua ee waqooyi-bari Shiinaha.
Kahor aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Dadka Shiinaha, awoodda korontada biyaha ee lagu rakibay Dhul-weynaha Shiinaha waxay mar gaartay 900000 kW. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababtoo ah khasaaraha ka dhashay dagaalka, markii la aasaasay Jamhuuriyadda Dadka Shiinaha, awoodda korontada biyaha ee lagu rakibay Dhul-weynaha Shiinaha waxay ahayd 363300 kW oo keliya.
Ka dib markii la aasaasay Shiinaha Cusub, korontada biyaha waxay heshay dareen iyo horumar aan horay loo arag. Marka hore, dhowr mashruuc oo korontada biyaha ah oo ka haray sannadihii dagaalka ayaa la dayactiray oo dib loo dhisay; Dhammaadka qorshaha shanta sano ee ugu horreeyay, Shiinaha wuxuu dhisay oo dib u dhisay 19 saldhig oo korontada biyaha ah, wuxuuna bilaabay inuu naqshadeeyo oo uu dhiso mashaariic koronto oo waaweyn oo kaligiis ah. Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Zhejiang Xin'anjiang oo leh awood koronto oo la rakibay oo ah 662500 kilowatts ayaa la dhisay muddadan, waana saldhiggii ugu horreeyay ee korontada biyaha ee baaxadda weyn ee ay naqshadeysay, soo saartay, oo dhistay Shiinaha laftiisu.
Intii lagu jiray xilligii "Horumarinta Weyn", mashaariicda korontada biyaha ee Shiinaha ee cusub ayaa gaaray 11.862 milyan oo kW. Qaar ka mid ah mashaariicda si buuxda looma muujin, taasoo keentay in mashaariicda qaar lagu qasbo inay joojiyaan dhismaha ka dib markii ay bilaabeen. Saddexdii sano ee ku xigtay masiibooyinka dabiiciga ah, tiro badan oo mashaariic ah ayaa la hakiyay ama dib loo dhigay. Marka la soo koobo, laga bilaabo 1958 ilaa 1965, horumarinta korontada biyaha ee Shiinaha aad bay u xumaatay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 31 saldhig oo korontada biyaha ah, oo ay ku jiraan Xin'anjiang oo ku yaal Zhejiang, Xinfengjiang oo ku yaal Guangdong, iyo Xijin oo ku yaal Guangxi, ayaa sidoo kale loo hawlgeliyay soo saarista korontada. Guud ahaan, warshadaha korontada biyaha ee Shiinaha waxay gaareen heer horumar ah.
Waqtigii "Kacaanka Dhaqanka" ayaa la gaaray xilligii dhismaha korontada biyaha. In kasta oo dhismaha korontada biyaha uu mar kale la kulmay faragelin iyo burbur xooggan, haddana go'aanka istaraatiijiyadeed ee dhismaha xariiqda saddexaad ayaa sidoo kale fursad naadir ah u siiyay horumarinta korontada biyaha ee galbeedka Shiinaha. Muddadaas, 40 saldhig oo korontada biyaha ah, oo ay ku jiraan Liujiaxia oo ku taal Gobolka Gansu iyo Gongzui oo ku taal Gobolka Sichuan, ayaa la hawlgeliyay si loo dhaliyo korontada. Awoodda la rakibay ee Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Liujiaxia ayaa gaartay 1.225 milyan oo kW, taasoo ka dhigaysa saldhigga korontada biyaha ee ugu horreeya Shiinaha oo leh awood rakiban oo ka badan hal milyan oo kW. Muddadaas, saldhigga korontada ee ugu horreeya ee Shiinaha ee lagu keydiyo bamka, Gangnan, Hebei, ayaa sidoo kale la dhisay. Isla mar ahaantaana, 53 mashruuc oo koronto biyood oo waaweyn iyo kuwa dhexdhexaad ah ayaa la bilaabay ama dib loo bilaabay muddadaas. Sannadkii 1970, Mashruuca Gezhouba oo leh awood rakiban oo ah 2.715 milyan oo kW ayaa bilaabmay, taasoo calaamad u ah bilowga dhismaha saldhigyada korontada biyaha ee durdurka ugu weyn ee Webiga Yangtze.
Ka dib markii uu dhammaaday "Kacaanka Dhaqanka", gaar ahaan ka dib Kalfadhigii Saddexaad ee Golaha Dhexe ee 11aad, warshadaha korontada biyaha ee Shiinaha ayaa mar kale galay marxalad horumar degdeg ah. Tiro ka mid ah mashaariicda korontada biyaha sida Gezhouba, Wujiangdu, iyo Baishan ayaa dardar geliyay, Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Longyangxia oo leh awood cutub oo ah 320000 kW ayaa si rasmi ah u bilaabay dhismaha. Ka dib, dabaysha gu'ga ee dib-u-habaynta iyo furitaanka, nidaamka dhismaha korontada biyaha ee Shiinaha ayaa sidoo kale si joogto ah isu beddelayay oo cusboonaysiinayay, taasoo muujinaysa firfircooni weyn. Muddadan, saldhigyada korontada ee lagu keydiyo bamka ayaa sidoo kale gaaray horumar la taaban karo, iyadoo wejiga koowaad ee bamka iyo kaydinta ee Panjiakou, Hebei, iyo Guangzhou uu bilaabmayo; Koronto yar ayaa sidoo kale soo koraysa, iyadoo la hirgelinayo dufcaddii ugu horreysay ee 300 oo degmo oo koronto ku shaqeeya oo miyiga ah; Marka laga hadlayo korontada biyaha ee baaxadda weyn, dhismaha dhowr saldhig oo waaweyn oo korontada biyaha ah, sida Tianshengqiao Class II oo leh awood rakiban oo ah 1.32 milyan kW, Guangxi Yantan oo leh awood rakiban oo ah 1.21 milyan kW, Yunnan Manwan oo leh awood rakiban oo ah 1.5 milyan kW, iyo Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Lijiaxia oo leh awood rakiban oo ah 2 milyan kW, ayaa si isdaba joog ah u bilaabmay. Isla mar ahaantaana, khubaro gudaha ah ayaa la abaabulay si ay u muujiyaan 14-ka mowduuc ee Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Saddexda Dooxo, dhismaha Mashruuca Saddexda Dooxona waxaa lagu daray ajendaha.
Tobankii sano ee ugu dambeeyay qarnigii 20aad, dhismaha korontada biyaha ee Shiinaha ayaa si degdeg ah u horumaray. Bishii Sebtembar 1991, dhismaha Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Ertan ee Panzhihua, Sichuan, ayaa bilaabmay. Ka dib dood iyo diyaargarow badan, Diseembar 1994, Mashruuca Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Saddexda Dooxood ee heerka sare ah ayaa si rasmi ah u bilaabmay. Marka laga hadlayo saldhigyada kaydinta ee bamka lagu shubo, Xabaalaha Ming ee Beijing (800000kW), Tianhuangping ee Zhejiang (1800000kW), iyo wejiga kaydinta ee bamka lagu shubo ee Guangzhou ee wejiga labaad (12000000kW) ayaa sidoo kale si isdaba joog ah loo bilaabay; Marka laga hadlayo korontada biyaha ee yar, dhismaha dufcaddii labaad iyo saddexaad ee degmooyinka korontada miyiga ee biyaha lagu shubo ayaa la hirgeliyay. Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, awoodda korontada biyaha ee la rakibay ee Shiinaha ayaa korodhay 38.39 milyan oo kW.
Tobankii sano ee ugu horreeyay qarnigii 21aad, waxaa jira 35 saldhig oo waaweyn oo koronto-dhaliye ah oo la dhisayo, iyadoo wadarta guud ee awoodda la rakibay ay tahay qiyaastii 70 milyan oo kW, oo ay ku jiraan saldhigyo badan oo koronto-dhaliye oo aad u waaweyn sida Mashruuca Saddexda Gorges ee 22.4 milyan oo kW iyo Xiluodu oo ah 12.6 milyan oo kW. Muddadan, celcelis ahaan in ka badan 10 milyan oo kW ayaa la hawlgeliyay sannad kasta. Sannadkii ugu taariikhiga ahaa waa 2008, markii cutubkii ugu dambeeyay ee saldhigga korontada ee Bangiga midig ee Mashruuca Saddexda Gorges si rasmi ah loogu xiray shabakadda korontada, dhammaan 26-kii cutub ee saldhigyada korontada ee bangiyada bidix iyo midig ee Mashruuca Saddexda Gorges ee markii hore loogu talagalay ayaa la hawlgeliyay.
Tan iyo tobankii sano ee labaad ee qarnigii 21aad, saldhigyada waaweyn ee korontada biyaha ee ku yaal durdurka ugu weyn ee Wabiga Jinsha ayaa si isdaba joog ah loo horumariyay oo si joogto ah loogu hawlgeliyay koronto dhalinta. Saldhigga korontada biyaha ee Xiluodu oo leh awood rakiban oo ah 12.6 milyan oo kW, Xiangjiaba oo leh awood rakiban oo ah 6.4 milyan oo kW, Saldhigga korontada biyaha ee Baihetan oo leh awood rakiban oo ah 12 milyan oo yuan, Saldhigga korontada biyaha ee Wudongde oo leh awood rakiban oo ah 10.2 milyan oo yuan, iyo saldhigyo kale oo waaweyn oo korontada biyaha ah ayaa loo hawlgeliyay soo saarista korontada. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah, awoodda hal unug ee la rakibay ee Saldhigga korontada biyaha ee Baihetan ayaa gaartay 1 milyan oo kW, taasoo gaartay heerka ugu sarreeya adduunka. Marka laga hadlayo saldhigyada korontada ee la bamgareeyo, laga bilaabo 2022, waxaa jiray 70 saldhig oo koronto oo keydin ah oo laga dhisay aagga hawlgalka ee Shabakadda Gobolka Shiinaha, iyadoo awood rakiban oo ah 85.24 milyan oo kiilowatts, taasoo ahayd 3.2 jeer iyo 4.1 jeer tan 2012, siday u kala horreeyaan. Waxaa ka mid ah, Hebei Fengning Pumped Storage Power Station waa saldhigga ugu weyn adduunka ee lagu keydiyo bamka, iyadoo wadarta guud ee awoodda la rakibay ay tahay 3.6 milyan oo kiilowatts.
Iyada oo la sii xoojinayo yoolka "laba-kaarboon" iyo xoojinta joogtada ah ee ilaalinta deegaanka, horumarinta tamarta biyaha ee Shiinaha ayaa sidoo kale wajahaysa xaalado cusub. Marka hore, saldhigyada tamarta biyaha ee yaryar ee ku yaal meelaha la ilaaliyo ayaa sii wadi doona inay ka baxaan oo xirmaan, marka labaadna, saamiga tamarta qorraxda iyo dabaysha ee awoodda cusub ee la rakibay ayaa sii kordhi doonta, saamiga tamarta biyaha ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhici doona; Ugu dambeyntii, waxaan diiradda saari doonnaa dhismaha mashaariicda tamarta biyaha ee waaweyn, cilmi-baarista iyo caqliga mashaariicda dhismaha ayaa sii kordhi doona.