Dhawaan, dowladda Switzerland waxay diyaarisay siyaasad cusub. Haddii dhibaatada tamarta ee hadda jirta ay ka sii darto, Switzerland waxay mamnuuci doontaa wadista baabuurta korontada ku shaqeeya ee loogu talagalay safar "aan loo baahnayn".
Xogta khuseysa ayaa muujineysa in qiyaastii 60% tamarta Switzerland ay ka timaado xarumaha korontada biyaha iyo 30% tamarta nukliyeerka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dowladdu waxay ballan qaaday inay joojin doonto awooddeeda nukliyeerka, halka inta soo hartayna ay ka timaado beeraha dabaysha iyo shidaalka fosil-ka ee dhaqameed. Tirakoobyadu waxay muujinayaan in Switzerland ay sanad walba soo saarto tamar ku filan si ay u ilaaliso iftiinka, laakiin isbeddellada cimilada xilliyeed waxay horseedi doonaan xaalado aan la saadaalin karin.
Biyaha roobka iyo barafka dhalaalaya bilaha diiran waxay ilaalin karaan heerka biyaha webiga waxayna bixin karaan kheyraad lagama maarmaan u ah soo saarista tamarta biyaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, heerka biyaha ee harooyinka iyo webiyada bilaha qabow iyo xagaaga aan caadiga ahayn ee Yurub ee qalalan ayaa hoos u dhacay, taasoo keentay in koronto yar la dhaliyo, sidaa darteed Switzerland waa inay ku tiirsanaato soo dejinta tamarta.
Waagii hore, Switzerland waxay koronto ka soo dejisay Faransiiska iyo Jarmalka si ay u daboosho dhammaan baahiyaheeda korontada, laakiin sanadkan xaaladdu way is beddeshay, tamarta dalalka deriska ahna aad ayay u mashquulsan tahay.
Faransiiska wuxuu ahaa dhoofiye koronto oo saafi ah muddo tobanaan sano ah, laakiin qeybtii hore ee 2022, tamarta nukliyeerka Faransiiska waxay la kulantay dib u dhacyo joogto ah. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, helitaanka cutubyada tamarta nukliyeerka Faransiiska ayaa wax yar ka sarreeya 50%, taasoo keentay in Faransiisku noqdo soo saaraha korontada markii ugu horreysay. Sidoo kale sababtoo ah hoos u dhaca soo saarista tamarta nukliyeerka, Faransiiska ayaa laga yaabaa inuu wajaho khatarta ah in korontada ay ku dhacdo jiilaalkan. Horey, shirkadda korontada Faransiiska ayaa sheegtay inay hoos u dhigi doonto isticmaalka 1% ilaa 5% xaaladaha aasaasiga ah, ugu badnaan 15% kiiska ugu xun. Sida laga soo xigtay faahfaahinta ugu dambeysay ee korontada ee uu shaaciyay TV-ga Faransiiska BFM maalintii 2aad, shirkadda korontada Faransiiska ayaa bilowday inay dejiso qorshe gaar ah oo koronto la'aan ah. Meelaha korontada laga joojiyo waxay ku baahsan yihiin dalka oo dhan, qoys kastana wuxuu leeyahay koronto la'aan ilaa laba saacadood maalintii, iyo hal mar maalintii.
Xaaladda Jarmalka waa isku mid. Haddii ay dhacdo in la waayo sahayda gaaska dabiiciga ah ee dhuumaha Ruushka, adeegyada dadweynaha waa inay ku adkaadaan.
Horraantii bishii Juun ee sanadkan, Elcom, oo ah Guddiga Korontada Federaalka ee Switzerland, ayaa sheegtay in hoos u dhaca korontada nukliyeerka ee Faransiiska iyo dhoofinta korontada awgeed, soo dejinta korontada ee Switzerland ee ka timaadda Faransiiska xilligan jiilaalka ay aad uga hooseyso tii sanadihii hore, taasoo meesha ka saaraysa dhibaatada awoodda korontada oo aan ku filnayn.
Sida laga soo xigtay wararka, Switzerland waxay u baahan kartaa inay koronto ka soo dejiso Jarmalka, Austria iyo waddamada kale ee deriska la ah Talyaaniga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida laga soo xigtay Elcom, helitaanka dhoofinta korontada ee waddamadan waxay ku xiran tahay inta badan helitaanka shidaalka fosil ee ku salaysan gaaska dabiiciga ah.
Sidee ayuu u weyn yahay farqiga korontada ee Switzerland? Sida laga soo xigtay warbaahinta dibadda, Switzerland waxay leedahay qiyaastii 4GWh baahida soo dejinta korontada jiilaalkan. Maxaad u dooran weyday xarumaha kaydinta tamarta korontada? Qiimaha waa sabab muhiim ah. Waxa Yurub ka maqan yahay waa tignoolajiyada kaydinta tamarta ee xilliyeedka iyo muddada dheer. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, kaydinta tamarta ee muddada dheer lama caan bixin oo si ballaaran looma isticmaalin.
Sida laga soo xigtay sahan ay Elcom ku samaysay 613 shirkadood oo korontada ka shaqeeya oo Switzerland ah, inta badan shirkadaha ayaa la filayaa inay kordhiyaan khidmadaha korontada qiyaastii 47%, taasoo la macno ah in qiimaha korontada guryaha uu kordhi doono qiyaastii 20%. Kororka qiimaha gaaska dabiiciga ah, dhuxusha iyo kaarboonka, iyo sidoo kale hoos u dhaca ku yimid soo saarista tamarta nukliyeerka ee Faransiiska, dhammaantood waxay gacan ka geysteen kororka qiimaha korontada ee Switzerland.
Sida laga soo xigtay heerka qiimaha korontada ee ugu dambeeyay ee 183.97 euros/MWh (qiyaastii 1.36 yuan/kWh) ee Switzerland, qiimaha suuqa ee u dhigma ee korontada 4GWh waa ugu yaraan 735900 euros, qiyaastii 5.44 milyan yuan. Haddii qiimaha korontada ugu sarreeya bisha Agoosto uu yahay 488.14 euro/MWh (qiyaastii 3.61 yuan/kWh), qiimaha u dhigma ee 4GWh waa qiyaastii 14.4348 milyan yuan.
Mamnuucidda tamarta korontada! Mamnuucidda aan loo baahnayn ee baabuurta korontada ku shaqeeya
Tiro warbaahin ah ayaa soo warisay in si loo xalliyo yaraanta korontada ee iman karta loona hubiyo amniga tamarta xilligan jiilaalka, Golaha Federaalka ee Switzerland ayaa hadda diyaarinaya qabyo-qoraal soo jeedinaya qawaaniin ku saabsan "xaddidaadda iyo mamnuucidda isticmaalka tamarta korontada si loo hubiyo korontada qaranka", wuxuu qeexayaa qorshaha ficilka ee afar marxaladood ah ee looga hortagayo go'itaanka korontada, wuxuuna hirgelinayaa mamnuucyo kala duwan marka ay dhacaan dhibaatooyin heerar kala duwan leh.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ayaa la xiriira mamnuucidda wadista baabuurta korontada ku shaqeeya heerka saddexaad. Dukumentigu wuxuu u baahan yahay in "gawaarida korontada ee gaarka loo leeyahay loo isticmaalo oo keliya safarrada lagama maarmaanka ah (sida baahiyaha xirfadeed, dukaamaysiga, la kulanka dhakhtar, ka qaybgalka hawlaha diimeed, iyo ka qaybgalka ballanta maxkamadda)."
Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, celceliska iibka baabuurta Swiss-ka waa qiyaastii 300000 sannadkii, saamiga baabuurta korontada ku shaqeeyana wuu sii kordhayaa. Sannadkii 2021, 31823 baabuur oo koronto oo cusub oo diiwaangashan ayaa lagu daray Switzerland, saamiga baabuurta korontada ku shaqeeya ee cusub ee Switzerland laga bilaabo Janaayo ilaa Agoosto 2022 wuxuu gaaray 25%. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababtoo ah jajabyada iyo dhibaatooyinka korontada oo aan ku filnayn awgeed, kobaca baabuurta korontada ku shaqeeya ee Switzerland sanadkan ma aha mid la mid ah sanadihii hore.
Switzerland waxay qorsheyneysaa inay yareyso isticmaalka korontada magaalooyinka iyadoo mamnuuceysa dallacaadda baabuurta korontada ku shaqeeya xaaladaha qaarkood. Tani waa tallaabo aad u cusub laakiin aad u daran, taasoo sii iftiimineysa halista yaraanta korontada ee Yurub. Taas macnaheedu waa in Switzerland ay noqon karto waddankii ugu horreeyay adduunka ee mamnuuca gawaarida korontada ku shaqeeya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xeerkan sidoo kale waa mid aad u yaab leh, sababtoo ah xilligan, gaadiidka caalamiga ah ayaa ka wareegaya gawaarida shidaalka una wareegaya gawaarida korontada ku shaqeeya si loo yareeyo ku tiirsanaanta shidaalka fosil loona xaqiijiyo isbeddelka tamarta nadiifka ah.
Marka tiro badan oo baabuur koronto ku shaqeeya lagu xiro shabakadda korontada, waxay runtii kordhin kartaa khatarta ah in koronto ku filan la waayo waxayna caqabado ku keeni kartaa hawlgalka xasilloon ee nidaamka korontada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida laga soo xigtay ra'yiga khubarada warshadaha, baabuurta korontada ku shaqeeya ee mustaqbalka lagu horumarin doono si ballaaran ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa sidii xarumo kaydin tamar ah oo si wadajir ah loogu yeero inay ka qaybqaataan xiirashada ugu sarreysa iyo buuxinta dooxada shabakadda korontada. Milkiilayaasha baabuurtu waxay dallaci karaan marka isticmaalka korontadu hooseeyo. Waxay dib u celin karaan korontada shabakadda korontada inta lagu jiro xilliga ugu sarreeya ee isticmaalka korontada, ama xitaa marka korontadu gaaban tahay. Tani waxay yareyneysaa cadaadiska sahayda korontada, waxay hubineysaa badbaadada iyo xasilloonida nidaamka korontada, waxayna sidoo kale hagaajineysaa hufnaanta nidaamka tamarta.
Waqtiga boostada: Diseembar-12-2022
