Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, xawliga horumarinta tamarta biyaha ayaa sameeyay horumar joogto ah iyo adkaanta horumarku waa kordhay. Korontada tamarta ma isticmaasho tamarta macdanta. Horumarinta tamarta biyaha waa mid ku haboon in la yareeyo qiiqa gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo iyo ilaalinta deegaanka deegaanka, iyo hagaajinta ka faa'iidaysiga khayraadka iyo danaha guud ee dhaqaalaha iyo bulshada. Marka la eego asalka dhexdhexaadnimada kaarboonka, rajada horumarinta ee warshadaha tamarta tamarta ayaa weli ah mid wanaagsan muddo dheer.
Awood-biyoodku waa mid ka mid ah ilaha tamarta ugu wanaagsan si loo gaaro dhexdhexaadnimada kaarboonka
Tamar nadiif ah, tamarta biyuhu ma soo saarto wax kaarboon qiiq ah ama wasakh ah; Tamar la cusboonaysiin karo, ilaa iyo inta ay biyo jiraan, tamarta biyuhu waxay ahaanaysaa mid aan la koobi karin. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, Shiinuhu wuxuu wajahayaa mas'uuliyadda muhiimka ah ee kaarboonka kaarboonka iyo dhexdhexaadinta kaarboonka. Awood-biyoodka kaliya maaha nadiif iyo qiiqa sii daaya, laakiin sidoo kale deegaan ahaan bay u wanaagsan tahay, waxayna ka qayb qaadan kartaa nidaaminta ugu sarreysa. Awood-biyoodku waa mid ka mid ah ilaha tamarta ugu wanaagsan si loo gaaro dhexdhexaadnimada kaarboonka. Sugidda mustaqbalka, tamarta tamarta Shiinaha waxay sii wadi doontaa inay door muhiim ah ka ciyaarto kor u qaadida xaqiijinta yoolka "kaarboon laba jibaaran".
1. Maxay kaydinta bamka ka dhigataa lacag
Saldhigyada kaydka tamarta ee Shiinaha ayaa isticmaala celcelis ahaan 4 kilowatt saacadood oo koronto ah waxayna dhaliyaan 3 kilowatt saacadood oo koronto ah ka dib marka la shubo, waxtarkeeduna waa 75% kaliya.
Saldhigga tamarta kaydinta ee bamka lagu shubo waxay shubtaa biyaha marka culeyska korontadu uu yar yahay, tamarta korontadu u beddesho tamarta suurtagalka ah ee biyaha, oo kaydisa. Marka rarku sarreeyo, waxay sii daayaan biyaha si ay u dhaliyaan koronto. Waxay la mid tahay hanti weyn oo biyo dib loo buuxin karo.
Habka bamgareynta iyo soo saarista, waa lama huraan in ay jiraan khasaare. Celcelis ahaan, saldhiga tamarta bamka lagu shubo waxay cuni doontaa 4 kh oo koronto si ay u shubto 3 kW kasta oo koronto ah, iyadoo celcelis ahaan waxtarkeedu yahay 75%.
Kadib su'aashu waxay timaaddaa: immisa ayay ku kacaysaa in la dhiso "khasnad dib loo soo celin karo" oo aad u weyn?
Saldhigga Korantada ee Kaydinta Bamgareynta ee Yangjiang waa saldhigga tamarta bamka ee ugu weyn oo leh awoodda hal unug ee ugu weyn, madaxa saafiga ah ee ugu sarreeya iyo qoto dheer ee ugu weyn ee Shiinaha. Waxay ku qalabaysan tahay cutubka ugu horreeya ee 400000 kW unug bamgaraysan oo leh madaxa 700 mitir si madax-bannaan loo horumariyey oo laga soo saaray Shiinaha, iyada oo la qorsheeyay in lagu rakibo 2.4 milyan KW.
Waxaa la fahamsan yahay in mashruuca Saldhigga Korantada ee Yangjiang uu leeyahay maalgelin dhan 7.627 bilyan yuan waxaana loo dhisi doonaa laba weji. Korontada sanadlaha ah ee la nashqadeeyay waa 3.6 bilyan kwh, isticmaalka korontadda sanadlaha ah waa 4.8 bilyan kwh.
Saldhigga korantada ee Yang ma aha oo kaliya hab dhaqaale oo lagu xalliyo culeyska ugu sarreeya ee xilliyeed ee shabakadda korontada ee Guangdong, laakiin sidoo kale waa hab muhiim ah oo lagu hagaajinayo waxtarka isticmaalka iyo heerka badbaadada awoodda nukliyeerka iyo awoodda reer galbeedka, horumarinta tamar cusub iyo la shaqeynta amniga iyo xasilloonida hawlgalka tamarta nukliyeerka. Waxay leedahay muhiimad wanaagsan oo muhiim ah si loo hubiyo xasilloonida, badbaadada iyo hawlgalka dhaqaalaha ee Guangdong korantada iyo nidaamka isku xirka iyo wanaajinta badbaadada iyo isku halaynta hawlgalka shabakada korantada.
Dhibaatada tamarta luminta awgeed, xarunta kaydinta tamarta bamka ayaa adeegsata koronto aad uga badan tan tamarta, taas oo macnaheedu yahay, marka laga eego dhanka tamarta, saldhiga kaydinta bamka waa in uu lumiyaa lacag.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, faa'iidooyinka dhaqaale ee saldhigyada kaydinta bamka kuma xirna korontadooda, laakiin waxay ku xiran tahay doorkooda xiirashada ugu sarreysa iyo buuxinta dooxada.
Korontada ku soo saarista isticmaalka tamarta ugu sarreysa iyo kaydinta bamka ee isticmaalka tamarta hoose waxay ka fogaan kartaa bilaabista iyo xidhitaanka warshado badan oo kuleyl ah, sidaas darteed ka fogaanshaha khasaaraha dhaqaale ee weyn inta lagu jiro bilowga iyo xidhitaanka dhirta tamarta kulaylka. Saldhigga tamarta kaydinta bamgareynta sidoo kale waxay leedahay hawlo kale sida habaynta soo noqnoqda, habaynta wajiga iyo bilawga madow.
Hababka dallacaadda ee saldhigyada kaydinta bamka ee gobollada kala duwan way kala duwan yihiin. Qaarkood waxay qaataan nidaamka khidmadda kirada awoodda, gobollada qaarna waxay qaataan nidaamka qiimaha korontada ee laba qaybood ah. Marka lagu daro khidmadda ijaarka awoodda, faa'iidada sidoo kale waxaa lagu xaqiijin karaa farqiga qiimaha koronta ee dooxada ugu sarreysa.
2. Mashruuc cusub oo kayd ah oo bamgaraysan sanadka 2022
Tan iyo bilowgii sanadka, saxiixa iyo bilawga mashaariicda kaydinta bamka ah ayaa si joogto ah loo soo sheegay: Janaayo 30, Wuhai wuxuu bamgareeyay mashruuca saldhigga tamarta ee maalgashiga in ka badan 8.6 yuan iyo awoodda lagu rakibay ee 1.2 milyan kilowatts ayaa la ansixiyay oo ansixiyay Xafiiska Tamarta ee Ismaamulka Inner Mongolia; 10-kii Febraayo, mashruuca Saldhigga Korontada ee Xiaofeng River ee lagu shubo oo lagu maalgelinayo 7 bilyan yuan iyo 1.2 milyan kilowatts ayaa lagu saxiixay Wuhan waxaana la degay Yiling, Hubei; Bishii Febraayo 10keedii, shirkadda korontada ee SDIC iyo dawladda dadweynaha ee Hejin City, Gobolka Shanxi waxay kala saxiixdeen heshiis iskaashi oo maalgashi oo ku saabsan mashaariicda Saldhigga Korantada ee Bamgareynta, kaas oo qorsheynaya in lagu horumariyo 1.2 milyan kilowatt oo mashruuc kayd ah; 14-kii Febraayo, xafladda furitaanka Hubei Pingyuan ee saldhigga tamarta bamgareynta leh oo la rakibay 1.4 milyan kilowatts ayaa lagu qabtay Luotian, Hubei.
Marka loo eego tirakoobyada aan dhamaystirnayn, tan iyo 2021, in ka badan 100 milyan oo kilowatts oo ah mashruuc kaydinta bamka ah ayaa sameeyay horumar muhiim ah. Waxaa ka mid ah, Grid State iyo China Southern Power Grid waxay kor u dhaafeen 24.7 milyan kilowatts, oo noqday xoogga ugu muhiimsan ee dhismaha mashaariicda kaydinta bamka ah.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, kaydinta bamka ayaa noqotay mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee qaabeynta labada shirkadood ee koronto ee waaweyn muddada Qorshaha Shanta sano ee 14aad. Ka mid ah saldhigyada kaydinta tamarta bamka ah ee laga hirgaliyay Shiinaha, Gobolka Xinyuan ee hoos yimaada Hay'adda State Grid Corporation iyo shirkadda korantada ugu sarreysa ee xiirashada iyo habaynta inta jeer ee hoos timaada Shirkadda South Grid ayaa xisaabisa saamiyada ugu waaweyn.
Bishii Sebtembar ee sannadkii hore, Xin Baoan, oo ah agaasimaha Grid State, ayaa si cad u sheegay in State Grid uu qorsheynayo inuu maalgeliyo ilaa 350 bilyan oo doolarka Maraykanka ah (qiyaastii 2 trillion yuan) shanta sano ee soo socota si kor loogu qaado isbeddelka iyo cusboonaysiinta shabakada korontada. Marka la gaaro 2030, awoodda lagu rakibay ee kaydinta bamka ee Shiinaha waxaa laga kordhin doonaa 23.41 milyan oo kilowatts oo hadda la gaarsiinayo 100 milyan oo kilowatts.
Bishii Oktoobar ee sannadkii hore, Meng Zhenping, oo ah guddoomiyaha shirkadda China Southern Power Grid, ahna Xoghayaha kooxda hoggaanka xisbiga, ayaa ku dhawaaqay shirkii abaabulka ee dhismaha xarumaha kaydinta bamka ee shanta gobol iyo gobollada koonfurta in la dardargelin doono dhismaha xarumaha kaydinta tamarta bamka ah. 10-ka sano ee soo socda, 21 milyan oo kilowatts oo ah saldhigyada kaydinta tamarta bamka ayaa la dhamaystiri doonaa oo la hawlgelin doonaa. Isla markaana, waxaa la bilaabayaa dhismaha 15 milyan kilowatt oo tamarta kaydinta bamka ah ee la qorsheeyay in la geliyo inta lagu jiro muddada Qorshaha shanta sano ee 16aad. Wadarta maalgashiga ayaa noqon doona ilaa 200 bilyan yuan, kaas oo dabooli kara gelitaanka iyo isticmaalka ku dhawaad 250 milyan oo kilowatts oo tamar cusub ah shanta gobol iyo gobollada Koonfurta.
Iyagoo si firfircoon u sawiraya naqshad weyn, labada shirkadood ee korontadu waxay dib u habeeyeen hantidooda kaydinta bamka ah.
Bishii Noofambar ee sannadkii hore, Shirkadda State Grid ee Shiinaha waxay ku wareejisay dhammaan 51.54% sinnaanta State Grid Xinyuan Holding Co., Ltd. Gobolka Grid Xinyuan Group Co., Ltd. bilaash, oo ay ku darayso hantideeda kaydinta bamgaraysan. Mustaqbalka, State Grid Xinyuan Group Co., Ltd. waxay noqon doontaa shirkad madal oo ah State Grid ganacsi kaydinta bamgareeyay.
Febraayo 15, Yunnan Wenshan Korontada, oo inta badan ku hawlan soo saarista tamarta tamarta, ayaa ku dhawaaqday in ay qorshaynayso iibsashada 100% sinnaanta ee Shiinaha Koonfurta korantada korantada ugu sarreysa xiirashada iyo soo noqnoqoshada tamarta tamarta Co., Ltd. oo ay haysato China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd. iyada oo loo marayo beddelka hantida iyo bixinta saamiga. Marka loo eego ku dhawaaqistii hore, awoodda Wenshan waxay noqon doontaa liiska shirkadeed ee liiska ganacsiga kaydinta bamka ee China Southern Power Grid.
"Kaydinta la soo tuuray ayaa hadda loo aqoonsan yahay inay tahay tan ugu qaan-gaar ah, lagu kalsoonaan karo, nadiif ah iyo dhaqaale ahaan kaydinta tamarta adduunka. Waxa kale oo ay ku siin kartaa wakhtiga lagama maarmaanka ah ee firfircoonida nidaamka tamarta iyo hubinta hawlgalka xasilloon ee nidaamka. Peng CAIDE, madaxa injineerka Sinohydro, ayaa tilmaamay.
Sida iska cad, habka ugu wanaagsan ee lagu wanaajin karo awooda korontadu si ay u aqbasho tamar cusub waa in la dhiso kaydinta bamka ama kaydinta tamarta korantada. Si kastaba ha noqotee, marka laga eego dhinaca farsamada, habka kaydinta tamarta ugu dhaqaalaha iyo waxtarka leh ee tamarta hadda jirta waa kaydinta bamka. Tani sidoo kale waa is-afgaradka beesha caalamka ee hadda jirta.
Weriyaha ayaa ogaaday in hadda, naqshadeynta iyo soo saarista bamgareynta iyo qaybaha kaydinta ee Shiinaha ay asal ahaan xaqiiqsadeen deegaan, iyo tignoolajiyadu waa qaan. Kharashka maalgashiga mustaqbalka ayaa la filayaa in lagu hayo ilaa 6500 yuan/kW. Inkasta oo qiimaha halkii kilowatt ee awoodda xiirashada ugu sarreysa ee isbeddelka dabacsan ee awoodda dhuxusha ay noqon karto mid hooseeya ilaa 500-1500 yuan, awoodda xiirashada ugu sarreysa ee lagu helo isbeddelka dabacsan ee tamarta dhuxusha halkii kilowatt waa kaliya 20%. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in isbeddelka dabacsan ee awoodda dhuxusha uu u baahan yahay si loo helo awoodda xiirashada ugu sarreysa ee 1kW, iyo maalgashiga dhabta ah wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 2500-7500 yuan.
"Waqtiga dhexe iyo kan fogba, kaydinta bamka ayaa ah tignoolajiyada kaydinta tamarta ugu dhaqaale badan. Saldhigga kaydinta tamarta ee bamka ayaa ah il koronto oo dabacsan taasoo buuxinaysa baahiyaha nidaamka tamarta cusub oo leh dhaqaale wanaagsan." Qaar ka mid ah dadka warshadaha ayaa ku nuuxnuuxsaday wariyaha.
Iyada oo ay si tartiib tartiib ah u kordheyso maalgashiga, horumarka tignoolajiyada ee joogtada ah iyo fulinta mashaariicda la dedejiyey, warshadaha kaydinta bamka ayaa keeni doona horumar horumarsan.
Bishii Sebtembar ee sannadkii hore, Maamulka Tamarta Qaranka ayaa soo saaray qorshaha horumarinta muddada dhexe iyo mustaqbalka fog ee kaydinta bamka ah (2021-2035) (halkan ka dib qorshaha), kaas oo soo jeediyay in 2025, miisaanka guud ee awoodda kaydinta bamka ah ee la hawlgeliyay ay labanlaabmi doonto qorshaha shanta sano ee 13aad, oo gaadhay in ka badan 62 milyan oo kilowatts; Marka la gaadho 2030, wadarta guud ee awoodda kaydinta bamka ee la hawlgeliyay waxay labanlaabmi doontaa qorshaha shanta sano ee 14-aad, oo gaaraya ilaa 120 milyan oo kilowatts.
Sida qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah dhismaha nidaamka tamarta cusub, waxaa la filayaa in horumarka dhismaha ee kaydinta bamka, qayb hoosaadka kaydinta tamarta, laga yaabo inay dhaafto rajada.
Inta lagu jiro muddada "qorshaha shanta sano ee 14-aad", awoodda cusub ee la rakibay ee kaydinta bamka ayaa gaari doonta ilaa 6 milyan oo kilowatts, "Qorshaha shanta sano ee 15aad" wuxuu sii kordhin doonaa ilaa 12 milyan oo kilowatts. Marka loo eego xogtii la soo dhaafay, awoodda cusub ee la rakibay ee kaydinta bamka sannadlaha ah waa qiyaastii 2 milyan oo kilowatts. Iyada oo ku saleysan celceliska miisaanka maalgashiga ee 5000 yuan halkii kilowatt, miisaanka maalgashiga cusub ee sanadlaha ah inta lagu jiro "qorshaha shanta sano ee 14th" iyo "qorshaha shanta sano ee 15aad" waxay gaari doontaa qiyaastii 20 bilyan yuan iyo 50 bilyan yuan siday u kala horreeyaan.
"Isbeddelka kaydinta bamgareynta ee saldhigyada tamarta tamarta ee caadiga ah" ee lagu sheegay qorshaha sidoo kale waa mid aad muhiim u ah. Kaydinta bamka isku-dhafka ah ee laga beddelay saldhigyada tamarta tamarta ee caadiga ah waxay inta badan leedahay kharashyo hawleed hooseeya iyo faa'iidooyin muuqda oo u adeega tamarta cusub iyo dhismaha nidaamka tamarta cusub, taas oo ay tahay in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho.
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-15-2022
