Monga ife tonse tikudziwa, madzi turbine jenereta seti ndiye pachimake ndi makiyi chigawo chimodzi cha hydropower siteshoni. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwonetsetsa kugwira ntchito kokhazikika kwa gawo lonse la hydraulic turbine unit. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza kukhazikika kwa hydraulic turbine unit, zomwe zakhalapo kuyambira pakupangidwa kwa gawo lonse la hydraulic turbine unit.
Pamapangidwe onse a hydraulic turbine unit, mphamvu yama hydraulic design ndi yaying'ono. Pamene gawo la turbine lamadzi likugwira ntchito mwachizolowezi, madzi otuluka pamtunda wothamanga wa unit adzapitirira kutuluka, ndipo madzi otuluka pa malo othamanga sangazungulira. Pamene turbine sikugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, kuyenda kwa wothamanga kumapanga pang'onopang'ono kuyenda mozungulira mu chubu cha turbine draft. Pamene turbine ili pansi pa 40 ~ 70% katundu wapang'ono wamutu wochepa, kutuluka kwa wothamanga kumazungulira kutsogolo ndipo pang'onopang'ono kupanga riboni vortex, yomwe ingayambitsenso kugwedezeka kwa turbine unit.
Pogwira ntchito ya hydraulic turbine, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimayambitsa kugwedezeka kwa hydraulic turbine unit ndi kuthamanga kwa chubu, ndipo izi zitha kuwopseza kugwira ntchito kwanthawi zonse kwa turbine ya Francis. Komanso, ngati Karman vortex sitima kwaiye pa mchira wa otaya mozungulira airfoil, izo zidzakhudzanso ntchito yachibadwa ya chopangira magetsi hayidiroliki, chifukwa zidzachititsa kugwedezeka mokakamiza wa wothamanga tsamba la chopangira magetsi hayidiroliki. Pamene mafupipafupi a kugwedezeka uku kukakamizidwa kumapanga ubale wambiri ndi kugwedezeka kwachilengedwe pafupipafupi kwa tsamba lothamanga, zidzatsogolera ku ming'alu ya tsamba la hydraulic turbine, ndipo ngakhale kutsogolera kuphulika kwa tsamba.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali chinthu china chomwe chidzakhudzanso magwiridwe antchito okhazikika a turbine, ndiko kuti, hydraulic factor. Ngati mawonekedwe a turbine unit achoka pamapangidwe a turbine, chodabwitsa cholekanitsa chotuluka chidzachitika polowera ndi kutulutsa kwa tsamba. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kosasunthika kwa zochitika zolekanitsa zotuluka, kuchuluka kwa zovulaza kumasiyananso. Mtundu wa hydraulic turbine wa hydraulic turbine ndiye gwero lamphamvu pagawo lonse la hydropower.
Mapangidwe asayansi ndi omveka bwino, kukonza ndi kupanga makina opangira madzi amatha kuwongolera bwino magwiridwe antchito a makina opangira madzi, ndipo zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kapangidwe kake ndi kupanga kwake ndi izi:
① Pazigawo za gawo loyenda, mphamvu yothamanga mu ndime yoyenda ikagwira ntchito pamagawo oyenda, imatulutsa kupsinjika. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa nkhawa, zidzatsogolera ku zotanuka deformation ya zigawo zikuluzikulu. Kuonjezera apo, pamene kutulukako kugwedezeka, chigawo chilichonse chidzatulutsanso kugwedezeka. Pamene kugwedeza kwafupipafupi kwa madzi othamanga ndi ofanana ndi mafupipafupi achilengedwe a zigawo zikuluzikulu, zidzatulutsanso resonance, zomwe sizidzangotulutsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa phokoso, komanso zimakhudza ntchito yachibadwa ya hydraulic turbine unit. Makamaka gawo la turbine lamadzi lomwe lili ndi kukula kwakukulu ndi liwiro lotsika, ma frequency ake achilengedwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi ma hydraulic low frequency, kotero ndizosavuta kukhudzidwa ndi resonance.
② Mphamvu yaukadaulo wopanga. Pakukonza ndi kupanga ma hydraulic turbine unit, ngati tsamba la turbine silolondola, kapena pali zolakwika pakuwotcherera kwa zigawo, zolowera ndi zotsegulira zamasamba sizikhala zosagwirizana, zomwe pamapeto pake zidzadzetsa mavuto akugwedezeka kwa injini ya hydraulic turbine unit.
③ Pamene mphete ya labyrinth ikakonzedwa, kuwuluka kwakukulu kumadzetsanso zovuta kugwedezeka kwa unit.
Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wa unsembe wa turbine wamadzi ukhudzanso magwiridwe antchito okhazikika agawo lamagetsi opangira madzi. Pakati pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za hydraulic turbine unit, ngati mayendedwe owongolera sali okhazikika wina ndi mnzake kapena olamulira siwolondola, zingayambitse kugwedezeka kwa hydraulic ndi kugwedezeka kwa zigawo zonyamula.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-22-2021
