Malo oyamba opangira magetsi opangira magetsi padziko lonse lapansi adamangidwa ku France mu 1878 ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito majenereta opangira magetsi opangira magetsi. Mpaka pano, kupanga ma jenereta a hydroelectric kumatchedwa "korona" yopanga French. Koma koyambirira kwa 1878, jenereta ya hydroelectric inali ndi kapangidwe koyambirira. Mu 1856, jenereta ya DC ya mtundu wa Lianlian Alliance idatuluka. Mu 1865, Mfalansa Casseven ndi Marko waku Italy adaganiza zophatikiza jenereta ya DC ndi turbine yamadzi kuti apange magetsi. Mu 1874, Piroski waku Russia adapanganso mapangidwe osintha mphamvu yamadzi kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Mu 1878, malo oyamba opangira mphamvu zamagetsi padziko lapansi adamangidwa ku Gragside Manor ku England ndi Sirmite pafupi ndi Paris, France, ndipo gulu loyamba la majenereta amagetsi a DC adawonekera. Mu 1891, woyamba wamakono hydroelectric jenereta (Laufen Hydrogenerator Hydrogenerator) anabadwira ku Ruitu Olican Company. Kuyambira 1891 mpaka pano, kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitika muukadaulo wa jenereta wa hydroelectric kwa zaka zopitilira 100.
Gawo loyamba (1891-1920)
Munthawi yoyamba ya kubadwa kwa majenereta amagetsi amadzi, anthu adalumikiza jenereta wamba kapena alternator ku turbine yamadzi kuti apange gulu la majenereta opangira magetsi. Panthawiyo, kunalibe jenereta yopangidwa mwapadera yopangira magetsi. Pamene malo opangira magetsi a Lauffen hydroelectric adamangidwa mu 1891, jenereta yopangidwa mwapadera yopangira magetsi pamadzi idawonekera. Popeza kuti zoyamba zopangira magetsi opangira magetsi zinali zazing'ono, zokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zopangira magetsi, magawo a ma jenereta anali osokonekera kwambiri, okhala ndi ma voltages osiyanasiyana komanso ma frequency. Mwadongosolo, ma hydro-generator nthawi zambiri amakhala opingasa. Kuphatikiza apo, ma hydro-generator ambiri pagawo loyambirira ndi ma jenereta a DC, ndipo pambuyo pake, gawo limodzi la AC, magawo atatu a AC, ndi magawo awiri a AC hydro-generator amawonekera.
Makampani opanga ma hydro-jenereta odziwika kwambiri poyambira akuphatikizapo BBC, Oelikon, Siemens, Westinghouse (WH), Edison ndi General Motors (GE), ndi zina zotere, komanso oyimira magetsi opangira magetsi a hydro-turbine United States (yopangidwa ndi GE Corporation, 1893), ndi Adams Hydropower Plant kumbali ya ku America ya Niagara Falls (Niagara Falls) 5000hp magawo awiri a AC hydroelectric jenereta (1894), 12MNV?A ndi 16MV? mbali ya Niagara Falls, ndi 40MV?A stand yopangidwa ndi GE mu 1920 Type hydroelectric jenereta. Hellsjon Hydropower Station ku Sweden inamangidwa mu 1893. Malo opangira magetsiwa anali ndi zida zinayi za 344kV?A magawo atatu a AC horizontal hydro-generator sets. Majeneretawa amapangidwa ndi General Electric Company (ASEA) yaku Sweden.
Mu 1891, World Exposition inachitikira ku Frankfurt, Germany. Pofuna kusonyeza kutumizirana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi osinthasintha pamsonkhanowo, okonza msonkhanowo anaika majenereta a hydro-turbine pamalo opangira simenti ku Portland ku Larffen, Germany, mtunda wa 175km. , Kuwunikira ndikuyendetsa galimoto ya 100hp ya magawo atatu. Hydrojenereta wa Laufen Power Station adapangidwa ndi Brown, mainjiniya wamkulu wa Ruitu Oerlikon Company, ndipo opangidwa ndi Oerlikon Company. Jenereta ndi atatu gawo yopingasa mtundu, 300hp, 150r/mphindi, mizati 32, 40Hz, ndi voteji gawo ndi 55 ~ 65V. The awiri akunja jenereta ndi 1752mm, ndi kutalika kwa pachimake chitsulo ndi 380mm. Chiwerengero cha mipata ya jenereta ya stator ndi 96, mipata yotsekedwa (yotchedwa mabowo panthawiyo), mtengo uliwonse ndi gawo lililonse ndi ndodo yamkuwa, kagawo ka ndodo ya waya ndi insulated ndi mbale ya asibesitosi ya 2mm, ndipo mapeto ake ndi ndodo yamkuwa yopanda kanthu; rotor ndi mphete yomangika Mizati ya zikhadabo za m'munda wokhotakhota. Jeneretayo imayendetsedwa ndi turbine yoyima ya hydraulic turbine kudzera pamagiya a bevel, ndipo imakondwera ndi jenereta ina yaying'ono ya DC hydraulic. Mphamvu ya jenereta imafikira 96.5%.
Kugwira ntchito bwino ndi kutumiza kwa ma hydro-generator a Laufen Power Station kupita ku Frankfurt ndiko kuyesa koyamba kwa mafakitale a magawo atatu omwe akufalikira masiku ano m'mbiri ya anthu. Ndiko kutsogola pakugwiritsa ntchito ma alternating current, makamaka magawo atatu apano. Jenereta ndi gawo loyamba la magawo atatu padziko lapansi la hydro jenereta.
Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha majenereta opangira magetsi pazaka makumi atatu zoyambirira. M'malo mwake, poyang'ana njira yopangira ukadaulo wa hydroelectric jenereta, majenereta a hydroelectric nthawi zambiri amakhala gawo lachitukuko zaka 30 zilizonse. Ndiko kuti, nthawi kuyambira 1891 mpaka 1920 inali gawo loyamba, nthawi kuyambira 1921 mpaka 1950 inali siteji ya kukula kwaukadaulo, kuyambira 1951 mpaka 1984 inali gawo lachitukuko chofulumira, ndipo kuyambira 1985 mpaka 2010 inali gawo lachitukuko chokhazikika.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-09-2021
