A propeller turbine is a type of axial-flow reaction turbine commonly used for low-head, high-flowrate hydroelectric power generation. As its name implies, its core component is a propeller-like runner, which features three to six fixed blades mounted on a central shaft. Water flows parallel to this shaft, passing through the stationary guide vanes that direct it onto the runner blades with minimal shock. The pressure of the water drops as it moves through the blades, transferring its energy and causing the runner to spin, which in turn rotates the generator to produce electricity.
These turbines are highly efficient within their specific design range but are best suited for sites with a relatively constant water flow, as their fixed blades cannot adjust to varying load conditions. A more advanced variant, the Kaplan turbine, addresses this limitation with adjustable blades. Due to their simple design and effectiveness in low-head applications, propeller turbines are a fundamental technology for harnessing clean, renewable energy from rivers and tidal basins worldwide. Their implementation provides a reliable and sustainable power source for many communities.
Propeller turbines are widely used throughout the world for electrical power production. They cover the lowest head hydro sites and are especially suited for high flow conditions.
Inexpensive micro turbines on the propeller turbine model are manufactured for individual power production designed for 3 m of head which can work with as little as 0.3 m of head at a highly reduced performance provided sufficient water flow.
Large propeller turbines are individually designed for each site to operate at the highest possible efficiency, typically over 90%. They are very expensive to design, manufacture and install, but operate for decades.
Post time: Sep-08-2025
