Osimiri na okike niile nwere mkpọda ụfọdụ. Mmiri na-aga n'akụkụ oke osimiri n'okpuru ọrụ ike ndọda. Mmiri dị n'ebe dị elu nwere ike dị ukwuu. Site n'enyemaka nke ihe owuwu hydraulic na ngwá ọrụ electromechanical, ike nke mmiri nwere ike gbanwee ka ọ bụrụ ike eletrik, ya bụ, mmepụta ike mmiri. Ụkpụrụ nke ọgbọ ike mmiri bụ ntinye ọkụ eletrik anyị, ya bụ, mgbe onye nduzi na-ebipụ ahịrị ikuku magnet n'ime oghere magnetik, ọ ga-emepụta ihe dị ugbu a. N'ime ha, "njem" nke onye na-eduzi na magnetik na-enweta site na mmiri na-asọba na-emetụta turbine iji gbanwee ike mmiri n'ime ike ọrụ ntụgharị; na ihe ndọta fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mgbe niile ka ọ na-etolite site na mkpali ugbu a na-emepụta site na usoro mkpali na-erute site na generator rotor winding, ya bụ, magnetism sitere na ọkụ eletrik.
1. Gịnị bụ excitation usoro? Iji ghọta mgbanwe ike, onye na-emepụta ihe na-emekọrịta ihe chọrọ oghere magnetik DC, na ugbu a DC nke na-emepụta ebe ndọta a na-akpọ excitation current nke generator. N'ozuzu, usoro nke ịmepụta oghere magnetik na rotor generator dịka ụkpụrụ nke induction electromagnetic si dị ka a na-akpọ excitation. Usoro mkpali na-ezo aka na akụrụngwa nke na-enye mkpali ugbu a maka generator synchronous. Ọ bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke generator synchronous. Ọ na-enwekarị akụkụ abụọ bụ isi: ngalaba ike mkpali na onye na-ahụ maka mkpali. Igwe ọkụ na-akpali akpali na-enye ihe mkpali ugbu a na rotor generator synchronous, na onye na-ahụ maka mkpali na-achịkwa mmepụta nke ike mkpali dị ka mgbama ntinye na ụkpụrụ iwu nyere.
2. Arụ ọrụ nke usoro mkpali The excitation usoro nwere ndị na-esonụ isi ọrụ: (1) N'okpuru nkịtị ọrụ ọnọdụ, ọ na-enye generator excitation ugbu a, na-edozi ihe mkpali dị ugbu a dị ka e nyere iwu dị ka generator ọnụ voltaji na ibu ọnọdụ iji nọgide na voltaji kwụsie ike. Kedu ihe kpatara enwere ike ijikwa nkwụsi ike voltaji site n'ịgbanwe ihe mkpali ugbu a? Enwere mmekọrịta dị nso n'etiti ikike a kpalitere (ya bụ enweghị ibu nwere ike) Ed nke generator stator winding, voltaji ọdụ Ug, ibu na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a Ir nke generator, yana mmeghachi omume synchronous ogologo Xd:
E nwere ike ime ka Ed dị nhata na nrụgharị ndọta, na ntugharị ndọta na-adabere n'ịdị ukwuu nke mkpali ugbu a. Mgbe mkpali ugbu a na-agbanweghị agbanwe, ngbanwe magnetik na ike ebutere Ed adịghị agbanwe agbanwe. Site na usoro dị n'elu, enwere ike ịhụ na voltaji njedebe nke generator ga-ebelata na mmụba nke reactive ugbu a. Otú ọ dị, iji mezuo ihe onye ọrụ chọrọ maka ịdị mma ike, voltaji njedebe nke generator kwesịrị ịnọgide na-agbanwe agbanwe. N'ụzọ doro anya, ụzọ ị ga-esi nweta ihe a chọrọ bụ ịhazigharị ihe na-akpali akpali nke generator dị ka ihe na-eme ugbu a Ir na-agbanwe (ya bụ, ibu na-agbanwe). (2) Dị ka ọnọdụ ibu ahụ si dị, a na-emezigharị ihe mkpali dị ugbu a dịka iwu enyere iji dozie ike mmeghachi omume. Gịnị mere o ji dị mkpa ịgbanwe ike reactive? Ọtụtụ ngwá ọrụ eletrik na-arụ ọrụ dabere na ụkpụrụ nke induction electromagnetic, dị ka ihe ntụgharị, moto, igwe ịgbado ọkụ, wdg. Ha niile na-adabere na nguzobe nke ebe ndọta ọzọ iji gbanwee na ịnyefe ike. A na-akpọ ike eletriki achọrọ iji guzobe ebe ndọta ọzọ na nrụgharị ndọta kpatara ka a na-akpọ ike reactive. Ngwa eletriki niile nwere coils electromagnetic na-eri ike mmeghachi omume iji guzobe oghere magnetik. Enweghị ike na-arụ ọrụ, moto ahụ agaghị agbanwe agbanwe, onye ntụgharị agaghị enwe ike ịgbanwe voltaji, na ọtụtụ ngwa eletrik agaghị arụ ọrụ. Ya mere, ike na-emeghachi omume abụghị ike na-abaghị uru ma ọlị. N'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị, ngwá ọrụ eletrik ọ bụghị nanị na-enweta ike na-arụ ọrụ site na generator, ma ọ dịkwa mkpa ịnweta ike mmeghachi omume site na generator. Ọ bụrụ na ike reactive na grid ọkụ dị mkpụmkpụ, akụrụngwa eletrik agaghị enwe ike nrụpụta zuru oke iji guzobe oghere electromagnetic nkịtị. Mgbe ahụ akụrụngwa eletriki ndị a enweghị ike ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ arụ ọrụ, na voltaji njedebe nke ngwa eletrik ga-adaba, si otú a na-emetụta ọrụ nkịtị nke ngwa eletriki. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa iji dozie ike na-emeghachi omume dịka ibu dị n'ezie, na mmepụta ike na-arụ ọrụ site na generator na-ejikọta na ịdị ukwuu nke mkpali ugbu a. Agaghị akọwapụta ụkpụrụ akọwapụtara ebe a. (3) Mgbe ihe mberede sekit dị mkpirikpi na-eme na usoro ike ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka generator terminal voltaji daa nke ọma, onye na-emepụta ihe nwere ike inwe obi ụtọ iji meziwanye njedebe nkwụsi ike nke usoro ike na izi ezi nke ọrụ nchebe ọsọ ọsọ. (4) Mgbe generator overvoltage mere n'ihi na mberede ibu n'efu na ihe ndị ọzọ, generator nwere ike ike demagnetized na-amachi oke abawanye nke generator ọnụ voltaji. (5) Meziwanye nkwụsi ike nke sistemu ike. (6) Mgbe sekit dị mkpirikpi na-aga n'ihu na-eme n'ime onye na-emepụta ihe na na wires ndị na-eduzi ya ma ọ bụ generator terminal voltaji dị oke elu, a na-eme ngwa ngwa demagnetization iji gbochie mgbasawanye nke ihe mberede ahụ. (7) Enwere ike kesaa ike reactive nke ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe n'ụzọ ziri ezi.
3. Nhazi nke usoro mkpali dị ka ụzọ onye na-emepụta ihe na-esi enweta ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ugbu a (ya bụ, usoro ntinye nke ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ), enwere ike kewaa usoro mkpali ahụ n'ime ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-akpali akpali: ihe na-akpali akpali nke a na-enweta site na ihe ndị ọzọ na-enye ike na-akpọ mpụta mpụta; a na-akpọ mkpali ugbu a na-enweta site na generator n'onwe ya. Dị ka usoro mmezi ahụ si dị, enwere ike kewaa ya na ntụgharị rotary na mkpali dị iche iche. Usoro mkpali ahụ static enweghị igwe mkpali pụrụ iche. Ọ bụrụ na ọ na-enweta ike mkpali site na generator n'onwe ya, a na-akpọ ya excitation static excitation. Enwere ike kewaa mkpali onwe onye na-akpali akpali static mkpali onwe ya na mkpali onwe ya.
Ụzọ mkpali a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ ihe mkpali na-akpali akpali nke na-ejikọta onwe ya, dị ka egosiri na foto dị n'okpuru. Ọ na-enweta ike mkpali site na ihe ngbanwe rectifier ejikọrọ na igwe na-emepụta ihe, ma na-enye ndị na-emepụta ihe na-akpali akpali ugbu a mgbe emezigharị ya.
Eserese wiring nke sistemu mkpisi aka mkpịrịsị mkpịrịsị onwe ya
Sistemụ excitation static excitation nke na-eme onwe ya na-enwekarị akụkụ ndị a: ihe mgbaka ọkụ, rectifier, ngwaọrụ demagnetization, onye na-ahụ maka iwu na ngwaọrụ nchebe overvoltage. Akụkụ ise ndị a mezuru ọrụ ndị a:
(1) Ihe ntụgharị ọkụ ọkụ: Belata voltaji na njedebe igwe na voltaji dabara na rectifier.
(2) Rectifier: Ọ bụ isi akụkụ nke sistemu niile. A na-ejikarị sekit àkwà mmiri na-achịkwa nke ọma n'ụzọ atọ iji rụchaa ọrụ ntụgharị site na AC gaa na DC.
(3) Ngwaọrụ demagnetization: Ngwaọrụ demagnetization nwere akụkụ abụọ, ya bụ mgba ọkụ demagnetization na ihe mgbochi demagnetization. Ngwaọrụ a na-ahụ maka mmebi ngwa ngwa nke unit ahụ na ihe mberede.
(4) Onye na-ahụ maka nchịkwa: Ngwaọrụ nchịkwa nke usoro mkpali na-agbanwe ihe na-akpali akpali ugbu a site n'ịchịkwa ihe ntụgharị nke thyristor nke ngwaọrụ rectifier iji nweta mmetụta nke ịchịkwa ike na-emeghachi omume na voltaji nke generator.
(5) Nchekwa overvoltage: Mgbe generator rotor circuit nwere oke ọkụ, a na-agbanye sekit ahụ iji rie ike ya, na-amachi oke uru, ma chebe ikuku rotor generator na akụrụngwa ejikọrọ.
Uru nke onwe-yiri excitation static excitation usoro bụ: mfe Ọdịdị, obere akụrụngwa, ala ego na obere mmezi. Mwepu bụ na mgbe generator ma ọ bụ usoro dị mkpụmkpụ-circuited, excitation ugbu a ga-apụ n'anya ma ọ bụ daa nke ukwuu, mgbe mkpali ugbu a kwesịrị ịba ụba nke ukwuu (ya bụ excitation mmanye) n'oge a. Otú ọ dị, n'iburu n'uche na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ na-ejikarị ụgbọ ala mechiri emechi, na ọkụ eletrik dị elu na-ejikarị nchebe ngwa ngwa na ntụkwasị obi dị elu, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-eji usoro mkpali a na-abawanye, nke a bụkwa usoro mkpali na-atụ aro site na ụkpụrụ na nkọwapụta. 4. Igwe ọkụ eletrik nke unit ahụ Mgbe a na-ebupụ ma mechie unit ahụ, a na-echekwa akụkụ nke ike arụ ọrụ n'ihi nnukwu inertia ntụgharị nke rotor. Akụkụ ike a nwere ike ịkwụsị kpamkpam mgbe ọ gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ ike ọkụ na-ese okwu nke mkpali, ibu ndu na ikuku. Ebe ọ bụ na nkwụsị esemokwu nke ikuku na-adaba na square nke ọsọ ọsọ nke gburugburu, rotor ọsọ na-ada ngwa ngwa na mbụ, mgbe ahụ ọ ga-adị ogologo oge na obere ọsọ. Mgbe unit ahụ na-agba ọsọ ogologo oge na obere ọsọ, oke ohia nwere ike ịnyụ ọkụ n'ihi na ihe nkiri mmanụ n'etiti efere enyo dị n'okpuru isi ntinye na ohia na-ebu ya enweghị ike ịmepụta. N'ihi nke a, n'oge usoro nkwụsị, mgbe ọsọ nke unit na-adaba na ụfọdụ uru a kapịrị ọnụ, ọ dị mkpa ka etinyere sistemu braking unit. A na-ekewa breeki otu ahụ ka ọ bụrụ breeki eletriki, breeki igwe na braking jikọtara ọnụ. breeki eletrik bụ ka a na-agbagharị stator generator stator nke atọ na njedebe igwe mgbe emechara generator na demagnetized, ma chere ka ọsọ otu ahụ gbadaa n'ihe dịka 50% ruo 60% nke ọsọ a tụrụ atụ. Site na usoro arụ ọrụ ezi uche dị na ya, a na-enye ike breeki, na onye na-ahụ maka mkpali na-agbanwe na ọnọdụ breeki eletrik iji gbakwunye ihe mkpali ugbu a na ikuku rotor generator. N'ihi na generator na-atụgharị, na stator na-eme ka a obere-circuit ugbu a n'okpuru omume nke rotor magnetik. Igwe ọkụ eletrik na-emepụta dị nnọọ iche na ntụziaka inertial nke rotor, nke na-arụ ọrụ breeki. N'ime usoro nke ịmara breeki eletriki, ọ dị mkpa ka a na-enye ọkụ ọkụ n'èzí, nke nwere njikọ chiri anya na isi sekit nke usoro mkpali. Ụzọ dị iche iche ị ga-esi nweta ọkụ eletrik na-akpali akpali ka egosiri na foto dị n'okpuru.
Ụzọ dị iche iche ị ga-esi nweta ọkụ ọkụ mgbaka ọkụ eletrik
N'ụzọ mbụ, ngwaọrụ mkpali bụ usoro wiwi mkpali na-ejikọta onwe ya. Mgbe njedebe igwe dị mkpụmkpụ, ihe ntụgharị ọkụ ọkụ enweghị ọkụ. Ọkụ breeki na-abịa site na ngbanwe breeki raara onwe ya nye, na ngbanwe breeki na-ejikọta na ike osisi. Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, ọtụtụ ọrụ mmiri mmiri na-eji usoro mkpali na-emegharị onwe ya na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-edozi ahụ maka usoro mkpali na usoro breeki eletrik. Ya mere, usoro a nke inweta ọkụ eletrik na-akpali akpali bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. Usoro ọrụ breeki eletrik nke usoro a bụ nke a:
(1) A na-emepe ihe na-agbaji sekit nke unit na-agbajikwa usoro ahụ.
(2) The rotor winding na-demagnetized.
(3) A na-emepe ọkụ ọkụ n'akụkụ nke abụọ nke ihe ntụgharị ọkụ ọkụ.
(4) A na-emechi igwe ọkụ breeki mkpirisi okirikiri.
(5) A na-emechi mgba ọkụ ọkụ n'akụkụ nke abụọ nke igwe eletrik eletrik.
(6) The rectifier àkwà mmiri thyristor na-triggered na-eduzi, na unit na-abanye na eletriki breeki steeti.
(7) Mgbe ọsọ nke unit ahụ bụ efu, a na-ahapụ breeki eletrik (ọ bụrụ na ejiri braking jikọtara ọnụ, mgbe ọsọ ahụ ruru 5% ruo 10% nke ọsọ ọsọ, a na-etinye braking ígwè). 5. Sistemụ excitation nwere ọgụgụ isi na-ezo aka na ụlọ ọrụ hydropower ma ọ bụ otu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nwere ozi digitization, ịkparịta ụka n'izi ozi, nhazi ọkọlọtọ, mmekọrịta azụmahịa, njikarịcha ọrụ, na ime mkpebi nwere ọgụgụ isi. A na-ekewa ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi hydropower osisi kwụ ọtọ n'ime usoro oyi akwa, unit oyi akwa, na ọdụ akara oyi akwa, na-eji a 3-layer 2-netwọk Ọdịdị nke usoro oyi akwa netwọk (GOOSE netwọk, SV netwọk) na ọdụ akara oyi akwa netwọk (MMS netwọk). Ọ dị mkpa ka akụrụngwa nwere ọgụgụ isi kwado ụlọ ọrụ ike mmiri nwere ọgụgụ isi. Dị ka isi usoro nchịkwa nke hydro-turbine generator set, nkà na ụzụ mmepe nke usoro mkpali na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na-akwado na-ewu nke nwere ọgụgụ isi hydropower osisi.
Na nwere ọgụgụ isi hydropower osisi, na mgbakwunye na-emecha isi ihe aga-eme dị ka ịmalite na ịkwụsị turbine generator set, na-amụba na ibelata reactive ike, na mberede shutdown, excitation usoro kwesịkwara inwe ike izute IEC61850 data modeling na nkwurịta okwu ọrụ, na nkwado nkwurịta okwu na ọdụ akara oyi akwa netwọk (MMS netwọk) na usoro oyi akwa netwọk (GOOSE netwọk). The excitation usoro ngwaọrụ na-ahaziri na unit oyi akwa nke nwere ọgụgụ isi hydropower ọdụ usoro Ọdịdị, na merging unit, nwere ọgụgụ isi ọnụ, inyeaka akara unit na ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ nwere ọgụgụ isi ngwá na-ahaziri na usoro oyi akwa. E gosipụtara nhazi usoro ahụ na foto dị n'okpuru.
Usoro mkpali ọgụgụ isi
Kọmputa ndị ọbịa nke oyi akwa njikwa ọdụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nwere ọgụgụ isi na-emezu ihe achọrọ nke ọkọlọtọ nkwukọrịta IEC61850, ma na-eziga akara ngosi nke sistemu mkpali na kọmpụta nnabata nke sistemụ nlekota site na netwọk MMS. The nwere ọgụgụ isi excitation usoro kwesịrị inwe ike jikọọ na GOOSE netwọk na SV netwọk switches ịnakọta data na usoro oyi akwa. Usoro oyi akwa chọrọ ka mmepụta data sitere na CT, PT na mpaghara mpaghara niile dị n'ụdị dijitalụ. A na-ejikọta CT na PT na unit merging (electronic transformers na-ejikọta ya na eriri anya, na ndị na-agbanwe ọkụ eletrik na-ejikọta ya na eriri). Mgbe emechara data ugbu a na voltaji, a na-ejikọ ha na ngbanwe netwọkụ SV site na eriri anya. Ekwesịrị ijikọ akụrụngwa mpaghara na ọdụ nwere ọgụgụ isi site na eriri, na mgba ọkụ ma ọ bụ akara analog na-agbanwe ka ọ bụrụ akara dijitalụ wee bufee ya na ngbanwe netwọkụ GOOSE site na eriri anya. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, usoro mkpali ahụ nwere ọrụ nkwukọrịta yana netwọkụ MMS na-ahụ maka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri yana netwọọdụ usoro GOOSE/SV. Na mgbakwunye na izute mmekọrịta ozi netwọkụ nke ọkọlọtọ nkwukọrịta IEC61850, sistemụ mkpali ọgụgụ isi kwesịrị ịnwe nleba anya n'ịntanetị zuru oke, nyocha mmejọ nke ọgụgụ isi yana ọrụ nnwale na mmezi dị mma. Ekwesịrị ịnwale arụmọrụ yana nsonaazụ ngwa nke ngwaọrụ mkpali ọgụgụ isi na-arụ ọrụ zuru oke na ngwa injinia n'ọdịnihu.
Oge nzipu: Ọkt-09-2024
