Ụlọ ọrụ mmiri mmiri, dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ogidi isi nke akụ na ụba mba, nwere njikọ chiri anya na mmepe nke akụ na ụba mba na mgbanwe na nhazi ụlọ ọrụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọrụ niile nke ụlọ ọrụ mmiri mmiri nke China kwụsiri ike, yana mmụba nke ike arụnyere ike mmiri, mmụba nke ikike nrụpụta ike mmiri, mmụba nke itinye ego na ike mmiri, yana mbelata ọnụego ndebanye aha ụlọ ọrụ metụtara hydropower. Site na mmejuputa iwu nke "nchekwa ike ike na mbelata ikuku" nke mba, ngbanwe ike na mbelata ikuku abụrụla nhọrọ bara uru maka China, na ike mmiri abụrụla nhọrọ kacha mma maka ike mmeghari ohuru.
Ọgbọ ike Hydroelectric bụ teknụzụ sayensị nke na-enyocha okwu teknụzụ na akụ na ụba nke nrụpụta injinia na nrụpụta nke na-agbanwe ike mmiri ka ọ bụrụ ọkụ eletrik. Ike mmiri a na-etinye n'ime ike ọkụ eletrik bụ nke kachasị ike nke echekwara na mmiri mmiri. Iji nweta ngbanwe nke ike mmiri ka ọ bụrụ ọkụ eletrik, ọ dị mkpa ịrụ ụdị ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị iche iche.
Mmezu nke ike mmiri na-agụnye owuwu nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, wee rụọ ọrụ nke ike mmiri. Industrylọ ọrụ mmiri dị n'etiti mmiri na-ejikọ ọkụ eletrik na ụlọ ọrụ grid ike ala iji nweta njikọ grid. Ọrụ owuwu nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri gụnyere ndụmọdụ na nhazi nke injinịa izizi, ịzụrụ akụrụngwa dị iche iche maka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, na ihe owuwu ikpeazụ. Ngwakọta nke ụlọ ọrụ etiti na nke mgbada dịtụ otu, nwere usoro kwụsiri ike.
Site n'ịkwalite uto akụ na ụba China, mgbanwe n'akụkụ ọkọnọ na nhazigharị akụ na ụba, nchekwa ike, mbelata ikuku na uto akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ aghọwo nkwenye nke mmepe akụ na ụba. Ụlọ ọrụ ike mmiri na-enweta nlebara anya dị elu site n'aka gọọmentị na ọkwa niile yana nkwado dị mkpa site na atumatu ụlọ ọrụ mba. Mba ahụ ewebatala ọtụtụ amụma n'ike n'ike iji kwado mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik. Amụma ụlọ ọrụ dị ka atụmatụ mmejuputa atumatu maka idozi nsogbu nke mmiri, ikuku, na ịgbahapụ ọkụ, ọkwa maka iguzobe na imeziwanye usoro ikike ikike ume ume ọhụrụ, yana atụmatụ mmejuputa maka ọrụ mgbasa ozi gọọmentị 2021 nke Ministry of Water Resources ewepụtala atụmanya ahịa dị ukwuu maka mmepe nrụpụta ike nke ụlọ ọrụ hydroelectric.
Nyocha miri emi nke ụlọ ọrụ ike mmiri
Dabere na nyocha ụlọ ọrụ, n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ikike arụnyere nke ike mmiri na China na-abawanye kwa afọ, site na nde kilowatt 333 na 2016 ruo nde kilowatt 370 na 2020, yana mmụba na-abawanye kwa afọ nke 2.7%. Ihe omuma ohuru gosiputara na n'ime 2021, ikike nchikota nke ike mmiri na China ruru ihe dika nde kilowatt 391 (tinyere 36 nde kilowatts nke nchekwa mmiri), mmụba nke 5.6% kwa afọ.
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndebanye aha nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị metụtara ike mmiri na China amụbaala ngwa ngwa, site na 198000 na 2016 ruo 539000 na 2019, yana nkezi mmụba ngwa ngwa kwa afọ nke 39.6%. N'afọ 2020, ọnụ ọgụgụ uto nke ndebanye aha ụlọ ọrụ hydropower ebelatala ma gbadata. Ihe omuma ohuru gosiputara na na 2021, enwere nchikota ulo oru 483000 edebanyere aha ike mmiri na China, mbelata kwa afo nke 7.3%.
Site na nkesa nke arụnyere ike, dị ka nke njedebe nke 2021, ógbè nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị ukwuu nke ike eletrik eletrik na China bụ Sichuan Province, na arụnyere ike nke 88.87 nde kilowatts, sochiri Yunnan na arụnyere ikike nke 78.2 nde kilowatts; Mpaghara ndị a họọrọ nke abụọ ruo nke iri bụ Hubei, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian, Zhejiang, na Qinghai, nwere ikike arụnyere sitere na 10 ruo 40 nde kilowatts.
Site n'echiche nke mmepụta ike, na 2021, mpaghara nke nwere ike eletrik kachasị elu na China bụ Sichuan, nke nwere ike eletrik eletrik nke 353.14 ijeri kilowatt awa, na-aza 26.37%; Nke abuo, ike eletrik eletrik na mpaghara Yunnan bụ 271.63 ijeri kilowatt awa, na-aza 20.29%; Ọzọkwa, ike eletrik eletrik na mpaghara Hubei bụ 153.15 ijeri kilowatt awa, na-aza 11.44%.
Site n'echiche nke arụnyere ike nke ụlọ ọrụ mmiri mmiri nke China, Changjiang Power bụ ụlọ ọrụ kachasị ukwuu n'ihe gbasara ike arụnyere ike mmiri nke onye ọ bụla. N'afọ 2021, ike mmiri nke Changjiang Power arụnyere ruru ihe karịrị 11% nke mba ahụ, na ngụkọta ike arụnyere ike nke ike mmiri n'okpuru otu ndị isi na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik ruru ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke mba ahụ; Site n'echiche nke ọgbọ ọkụ eletrik, na 2021, oke nke ike eletriki eletrik nke osimiri Yangtze karịrị 15%, na ike eletrik n'okpuru otu isi ike ise bụ ihe dịka 20% nke mkpokọta mba. Site n'echiche nke mkpokọta mkpokọta ahịa, ngụkọta nke ike mmiri ise nke China arụnyere ikike dị iche iche yana ike osimiri Yangtze dị nso na ọkara nke oke ahịa; Ọkụ eletrik na-akpata ihe karịrị 30% nke mba ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere oke itinye uche dị elu.
Dị ka "2022-2027 China Hydroelectric Power Industry Deep Analysis and Development Prospects Report" nke China Research Institute of Industry si kwuo.
Ụlọ ọrụ ike mmiri nke China bụ ndị otu gọọmentị nwe na-achị. Na mgbakwunye na ndị isi ise na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik, enwekwara ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik dị mma na azụmahịa ike mmiri nke China. Ụlọ ọrụ na-abụghị nnukwu otu ise, nke Yangtze Power nọchitere anya ya, bụ ndị kasị ukwuu n'ihe gbasara ike arụnyere ike mmiri onye ọ bụla. Dị ka òkè nke ike hydropower arụnyere, a na-asọmpi echelon nke China si hydropower ụlọ ọrụ ike roughly kewara ụzọ abụọ echelon, na ise isi otu na Yangtze Power ranking mbụ.
Atụmanya maka mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik
N'ịmegide ọnọdụ okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ na mbelata nke mmanụ ọkụ na-esiwanye ike, mmepe na iji ume ọhụrụ na-enweta nlebara anya site n'aka mba ụwa, na iji ike na-emepụta ume ọhụrụ aghọwo nkwenye n'etiti mba dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa. Ọgbọ ọkụ eletrik bụ isi iyi ike dị ọcha na nke enwere ike imegharị ya na teknụzụ tozuru oke nwere ike ịmepụta n'ọtụtụ buru ibu. Ike akụ mmiri nke China nwere ọkwa mbụ n'ụwa. Ịmepụta ike mmiri na-arụsi ọrụ ike abụghị naanị ụzọ dị mkpa iji belata ikuku gas na-ekpo ọkụ nke ọma, kamakwa ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa iji lebara mgbanwe ihu igwe anya, kwalite nchekwa ike na mbelata ikuku ikuku, yana nweta mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.
Mgbe ọtụtụ ọgbọ nke ndị ọrụ ike mmiri na-agbasi mbọ ike na-aga n'ihu, mgbanwe na mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ, na omume obi ike, ụlọ ọrụ mmiri mmiri nke China enwetawo ọganihu akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'obere ruo nnukwu, site na adịghị ike ruo n'ike, na site n'iso na idu. Site na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke teknụzụ, ngalaba ike mmiri dị iche iche na ndị ọrụ na China na-adabere na teknụzụ dị egwu dị ka ọgụgụ isi na nnukwu data iji hụ na ịdị mma ụlọ na nchekwa mmiri.
N'ime oge atụmatụ afọ ise nke 14, China kọwapụtara njedebe oge iji nweta ebumnuche nke ikuku carbon na nnọpụiche carbon, nke mere ka ọtụtụ ụdị ume nwee mmetụta ohere na nrụgide na-abịa n'otu oge. Dị ka onye nnọchianya nke ume ọhụrụ, ike mmiri, n'ọnọdụ nke ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ na ike ọgwụgwụ ike, ọchịchọ mmepe na-adịgide adịgide maka ịkwalite nhazi ike ga-aga n'ihu na-akwalite mmepe nke ike mmiri.
N'ọdịnihu, China kwesịrị ilekwasị anya na teknụzụ ndị dị mkpa dị ka ihe owuwu nwere ọgụgụ isi, ọrụ ọgụgụ isi, na akụrụngwa nwere ọgụgụ isi nke ike mmiri, na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-akwalite nkwalite nke ụlọ ọrụ ike mmiri, na-ewusi ike, na-ebuli, na ịgbasa ume dị ọcha, na-amụba mmepe nke ike mmiri na ume ọhụrụ, na-aga n'ihu na-emeziwanye ọkwa nke ụlọ nwere ọgụgụ isi na njikwa ọrụ nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.
Oge nzipu: Eprel-10-2023
