Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ike mmiri na China

Ọdụ ike mmiri kacha ochie n'ụwa pụtara na Frans n'afọ 1878, ebe e wuru ọdụ ike mmiri mbụ n'ụwa.
Edison, onye mepụtara ihe, tinyekwara aka n'ịmepụta ọdụ eletriki mmiri. Na 1882, Edison wuru ọdụ eletriki mmiri Abel na Wisconsin, USA.
Ná mmalite, ikike nke ọdụ ike mmiri e guzobere dị obere. Na 1889, ọdụ ike mmiri kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa dị na Japan, mana ikike ya dị naanị 48 kW. Agbanyeghị, ikike nke ọdụ ike mmiri e tinyere agbanweela nke ukwuu. Na 1892, ikike nke ọdụ ike mmiri Niagara na United States bụ 44000 kW. Ka ọ na-erule 1895, ikike nke ọdụ ike mmiri Niagara erutela 147000 kW.

Mgbe ọ banyere na narị afọ nke 20, ike mmiri na mba ndị mepere emepe buru ibu enwetala mmepe ngwa ngwa. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2021, ike mmiri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke etinyere ga-eru 1360GW.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke iji ike mmiri eme ihe na China nwere ike ịpụta ihe karịrị afọ 2000 gara aga, site n'iji mmiri akwọ wiil mmiri, igwe mmiri, na igwe mmiri maka mmepụta na ndụ.
E wuru ọdụ ike mmiri mbụ na China na 1904. Ọ bụ ọdụ ike mmiri Guishan nke ndị mwakpo Japan wuru na Taiwan, China.
Ọdụ mbụ e wuru na China bụ Shilongba Hydropower Station dị na Kunming, nke e bidoro n'ọnwa Ọgọst afọ 1910 ma mepụta ọkụ eletrik na Mee afọ 1912, nke nwere ike arụnyere na ya nke 489kW.
N'ime afọ iri abụọ sochirinụ ma ọ bụ karịa, n'ihi enweghị ntụkwasị obi nke ọnọdụ ime obodo, mmepe ike mmiri nke China emeghị nnukwu ọganihu, ọ bụkwa naanị obere ọdụ ike mmiri ole na ole ka e wuru, nke gụnyere ọdụ ike mmiri Dongwo dị na Luxian County, Sichuan, ọdụ ike mmiri Duodi dị na Tibet, na ọdụ ike mmiri Xiadao, Shunchang, na Longxi dị na Fujian.
Oge ruru n'oge Agha Mmegide Japan, mgbe a na-eji akụrụngwa obodo alụso ọgụ ike, ma e wuru naanị obere ọdụ ọkụ eletrik na mpaghara ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, dị ka Ọdụ Ike Mmiri Taohuaxi na Sichuan na Ọdụ Ike Mmiri Nanqiao na Yunnan; N'ógbè ndị Japan bi na ya, Japan ewuola ọtụtụ ọdụ ọkụ eletrik buru ibu, nke a na-akpọkarị Ọdụ Ike Mmiri Fengman na Osimiri Songhua na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ China.
Tupu e guzobe mba China, ikike mmiri e tinyere na China ruru 900000 kW. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi mfu agha kpatara, mgbe e guzobere mba China, ikike mmiri e tinyere na China bụ naanị 363300 kW.
Mgbe e guzobere New China, ike mmiri enwetala nlebara anya na mmepe a na-ahụtụbeghị mbụ. Nke mbụ, a rụzigharịrị ma wughachi ọtụtụ ọrụ ike mmiri fọdụrụ n'afọ agha; Ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke atụmatụ afọ ise mbụ, China ewuola ma wughachi ọdụ ike mmiri iri na itoolu, ma malite imepụta na iwulite nnukwu ọrụ ike mmiri n'onwe ya. E wuru ọdụ ike mmiri Zhejiang Xin'anjiang nke nwere ikike arụnyere nke kilowatts 662500 n'oge a, ọ bụkwa ọdụ ike mmiri mbụ buru ibu nke China mepụtara, rụpụta, ma wuo.
N'oge "Great Leap Forward", ọrụ ike mmiri nke China malitere ọhụrụ ruru nde kW 11.862. E gosipụtaghị ụfọdụ ọrụ nke ọma, nke mere ka ụfọdụ ọrụ kwụsị ọrụ mgbe ha malitere. N'ime afọ atọ sochirinụ nke ọdachi ndị sitere n'okike, a kwụsịtụrụ ma ọ bụ yigharịa ọtụtụ ọrụ. Na nkenke, site na 1958 ruo 1965, mmepe nke ike mmiri na China dị oke njọ. Agbanyeghị, e tinyere ọdụ ike mmiri 31, gụnyere Xin'anjiang na Zhejiang, Xinfengjiang na Guangdong, na Xijin na Guangxi, n'ọrụ maka mmepụta ike. N'ozuzu, ụlọ ọrụ ike mmiri nke China enwetala mmepe ụfọdụ.
Oge eruola maka oge "Mgbanwe Omenala". Ọ bụ ezie na owuwu ike mmiri enwetawo nnukwu nsogbu na mbibi, mkpebi atụmatụ maka owuwu nke atọ enyekwala ohere dị ụkọ maka mmepe ike mmiri na ọdịda anyanwụ China. N'oge a, etinyere ọdụ ike mmiri 40, gụnyere Liujiaxia na mpaghara Gansu na Gongzui na mpaghara Sichuan, maka imepụta ike. Ike arụnyere nke ọdụ ike mmiri Liujiaxia ruru nde kW 1.225, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ ọdụ ike mmiri mbụ na China nwere ikike arụnyere ihe karịrị nde kW. N'oge a, e wurukwa ọdụ ike nchekwa mbụ nke China, Gangnan, Hebei. N'otu oge ahụ, amalitela ma ọ bụ maliteghachi ọrụ ike mmiri 53 buru ibu na nke ọkara n'oge a. Na 1970, Ọrụ Gezhouba nke nwere ikike arụnyere nke nde kW 2.715, malitere, na-egosi mmalite nke owuwu nke ọdụ ike mmiri na isi iyi nke Osimiri Yangtze.
Mgbe "Mgbanwe Omenala" gwụchara, ọkachasị mgbe Nzukọ Mgbakọ nke Atọ nke Kọmitii Etiti nke 11 gasịrị, ụlọ ọrụ ike mmiri nke China abanyela ọzọ n'ọkwa mmepe ngwa ngwa. Ọtụtụ ọrụ ike mmiri dịka Gezhouba, Wujiangdu, na Baishan agbaala ọsọ ọsọ, ọdụ ike mmiri Longyangxia nke nwere ikike nkeji 320000 kW amalitela ịrụ ọrụ n'ihu ọha. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke mgbanwe na mmeghe, usoro owuwu ike mmiri nke China anọwokwa na-agbanwe ma na-emepụta ihe ọhụrụ mgbe niile, na-egosi nnukwu ike. N'oge a, ọdụ ike nchekwa mmiri ndị a na-etinye na pamp rụkwara nnukwu mmepe, ebe usoro mbụ nke mgbapụta mmiri na nchekwa na Panjiakou, Hebei, na Guangzhou malitere; obere ike mmiri na-etolitekwa, site na mmejuputa nke otu mbụ nke mpaghara ọkụ eletrik ime obodo 300; Maka nnukwu ike mmiri, a malitela iwu ọtụtụ nnukwu ọdụ ọkụ mmiri, dịka Tianshengqiao Klas nke Abụọ nwere ikike arụnyere nke nde kW 1.32, Guangxi Yantan nwere ikike arụnyere nke nde kW 1.21, Yunnan Manwan nwere ikike arụnyere nke nde kW 1.5, na Lijiaxia Hydropower Station nwere ikike arụnyere nke nde kW 2, n'otu oge ahụ. N'otu oge ahụ, a haziri ndị ọkachamara n'ime obodo iji gosipụta isiokwu iri na anọ nke Ọdụ ...
N'ime afọ iri ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke 20, ọrụ mmepụta ike mmiri nke China amụbaala ngwa ngwa. Na Septemba 1991, ọrụ owuwu nke Ertan Hydropower Station na Panzhihua, Sichuan, malitere. Mgbe ọtụtụ arụmụka na nkwadebe gasịrị, na Disemba 1994, ọrụ ọrụ ike mmiri mmiri nke Three Gorges dị elu malitere n'ihu ọha. Banyere ebe nchekwa ike, Ming Tombs nke Beijing (800000kW), Tianhuangping nke Zhejiang (1800000kW), na nkewa nke abụọ nke nchekwa mmiri nke Guangzhou (12000000kW) amalitekwala n'usoro; Banyere obere ike mmiri, arụọla ọrụ nke mpaghara eletrik ime obodo nke abụọ na nke atọ nke ike mmiri. N'ime afọ iri gara aga, ikike ike mmiri arụnyere na China amụbaala site na nde 38.39 kW.
N'ime afọ iri mbụ nke narị afọ nke 21, e nwere nnukwu ọdụ ọkụ eletrik 35 a na-ewu, ha nwere ikike arụnyere ihe dị ka nde kW 70, gụnyere ọtụtụ ọdụ ọkụ eletrik buru ibu dịka 22.4 nde kW nke Three Gorges Project na 12.6 nde kW nke Xiluodu. N'oge a, a na-etinye nkezi ihe karịrị nde kW 10 n'ọrụ kwa afọ. Afọ kachasị akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ 2008, mgbe e jikọtara nkeji ikpeazụ nke ọdụ ọkụ eletrik Three Gorges Project na grid maka mmepụta ike, e tinyekwara nkeji 26 niile nke ọdụ ọkụ eletrik Three Gorges Project nke e mere na mbụ n'aka ekpe na aka nri.
Kemgbe afọ iri nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 21, e mepeela nnukwu ọdụ ike mmiri dị na isi iyi nke Osimiri Jinsha n'usoro ma na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile maka mmepụta ike. Ọdụ ike mmiri Xiluodu nwere ikike arụnyere nke nde kW 12.6, Xiangjiaba nwere ikike arụnyere nke nde kW 6.4, Ọdụ ike mmiri Baihetan nwere ikike arụnyere nke nde yuan 12, Ọdụ ike mmiri Wudongde nwere ikike arụnyere nke nde yuan 10.2, na nnukwu ọdụ ike mmiri ndị ọzọ ka etinyere maka mmepụta ike. N'ime ha, ikike otu nkeji nke Ọdụ ike mmiri Baihetan arụnyere erutela nde kW 1, na-eru ọkwa kachasị elu n'ụwa. Banyere ọdụ ike nchekwa a na-agbanye, dịka ọ dị na 2022, enwere naanị ọdụ ike nchekwa 70 a na-ewu na mpaghara ọrụ nke Steeti Grid nke China, nwere ikike arụnyere nke nde kilowatt 85.24, nke bụ ugboro 3.2 na ugboro 4.1 nke 2012, n'otu n'otu. N'ime ha, Hebei Fengning Pumped Storage Power Station bụ ebe nchekwa ike kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa, nke nwere ike itinye ya na ngụkọta nke kilowatts nde 3.6.
Site n'ịkwalite ebumnuche "carbon abụọ" na-aga n'ihu na-eme ka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi sikwuo ike, mmepe ike mmiri nke China na-echekwa ọnọdụ ọhụrụ ụfọdụ ihu. Nke mbụ, obere ọdụ ike mmiri dị na mpaghara echekwara ga-anọgide na-apụ ma na-emechi, nke abụọ, oke ike anyanwụ na ifufe na ikike ọhụrụ arụnyere ga-anọgide na-abawanye, oke ike mmiri ga-ebelatakwa; N'ikpeazụ, anyị ga-elekwasị anya n'iwu nnukwu ọrụ ike mmiri, sayensị na ezi uche nke ọrụ owuwu ga-anọgide na-amụba.