Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke hydropower na China

Ebe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri mbụ n'ụwa pụtara na France na 1878, bụ ebe e wuru ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri mbụ nke ụwa.
Onye mepụtara Edison nyekwara aka na mmepe nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Na 1882, Edison wuru ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Abel na Wisconsin, USA.
Na mbido, ikike nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri e hiwere dị obere. N'afọ 1889, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri kacha ibu n'ụwa dị na Japan, mana ike arụnyere ya bụ naanị 48 kW. Agbanyeghị, arụnyere ikike nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nwere nnukwu mmepe. Na 1892, ikike nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Niagara dị na United States bụ 44000 kW. Ka ọ na-erule 1895, ikike arụnyere nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Niagara eruola 147000 kW.

Mgbe ịbanye na narị afọ nke 20, ike mmiri na mba ndị mepere emepe enwetawo mmepe ngwa ngwa. Site na 2021, ike arụnyere zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ike mmiri ga-eru 1360GW.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke iji ike mmiri na China nwere ike ịchọta ihe karịrị afọ 2000 gara aga, na-eji mmiri na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri, igwe igwe mmiri, na igwe mmiri maka mmepụta na ndụ.
E wuru ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri mbụ na China na 1904. Ọ bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Guishan nke ndị Japan wakporo na Taiwan, China wuru.
Ebe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri mbụ e wuru na China Mainland bụ Shilongba Hydropower Station na Kunming, nke malitere n'August 1910 wee mepụta ike na Mee 1912, yana ngụkọta arụnyere 489kW.
N'ime afọ iri abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa, n'ihi enweghị ike nke ọnọdụ ụlọ, mmepụta ike mmiri nke China emeghị ọganihu dị ukwuu, ma ọ bụ naanị obere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ole na ole ka e wuru, nke gụnyere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Dongwo na Luxian County, Sichuan, Duodi Hydropower Station na Tibet, na Xiadao, Shunchang, na Longxi Hydropower Stations na Fujian.
Oge bịara n'oge Agha Anti Japan, mgbe a na-ejikarị ihe onwunwe ụlọ eme ihe iji guzogide mkpasu iwe, ma ọ bụ naanị obere ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ ka e wuru na mpaghara ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, dị ka Taohuaxi Hydropower Station na Sichuan na Nanqiao Hydropower Station na Yunnan; N'ebe ndị Japan ji, Japan arụwo ọtụtụ nnukwu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, na-abụkarị ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Fengman na Osimiri Songhua na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ China.
Tupu e guzobe Republic of China, ike arụnyere nke ike mmiri na China Mainland ruru 900000 kW ozugbo. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi mfu ndị agha kpatara, mgbe e hiwere Republic of China, ike arụnyere nke ike mmiri na China Mainland bụ naanị 363300 kW.
Ka emechara New China, ike mmiri enwetala nlebara anya na mmepe na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya. Nke mbụ, ọtụtụ ọrụ ike mmiri ndị fọdụrụ n'afọ agha ka arụziri ma wughachi ya; Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị nke atụmatụ afọ ise mbụ, China arụwo ma wughachi ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri iri na itoolu, wee malite imepụta na ịrụ nnukwu ọrụ ike mmiri n'onwe ya. Ewubere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Zhejiang Xin'anjiang nwere ikike arụnyere nke 662500 kilowatts n'oge a, ọ bụkwa ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri mbụ buru ibu nke China rụpụtara, rụpụta ma rụọ ya.
N'ime oge "Great Leap Forward", ọrụ ike mmiri nke China malitere ọhụrụ ruru nde kW 11.862. E gosipụtabeghị ụfọdụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu, nke mere na a manyere ụfọdụ ọrụ ịkwụsị ịrụ ọrụ mgbe ha malitechara. N'ime afọ atọ sochirinụ nke ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ha, a kwụsịtụrụ ma ọ bụ yigharịrị ọtụtụ ọrụ. Na nkenke, site na 1958 ruo 1965, mmepe nke ike mmiri na China dị oke egwu. Agbanyeghị, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 31, gụnyere Xin'anjiang na Zhejiang, Xinfengjiang na Guangdong, na Xijin dị na Guangxi, ka etinyekwara n'ọrụ maka imepụta ọkụ. N'ozuzu, ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ike mmiri nke China enwetala ogo mmepe.
Oge eruola maka oge "Cultural Revolution". N'agbanyeghi na owuwu ike mmiri enwetela nnukwu ndabichi na mbibi ọzọ, mkpebi siri ike maka iwu ahịrị ahịrị nke atọ nyekwara ohere dị ụkọ maka mmepe ike mmiri na ọdịda anyanwụ China. N'ime oge a, etinyere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 40, gụnyere Liujiaxia na Gansu Province na Gongzui na mpaghara Sichuan, maka imepụta ọkụ. Ike arụnyere nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Liujiaxia ruru nde kW 1.225, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri mbụ na China nwere ikike arụnyere ihe karịrị otu nde kW. N'ime oge a, a rụkwara ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri mbụ nke China, Gangnan, Hebei. N'otu oge ahụ, a malitere ma ọ bụ maliteghachi ọrụ 53 nnukwu na nnukwu ọrụ ike n'ime oge a. Na 1970, Gezhouba Project nke arụnyere ikike nke 2.715 nde kW malitere, na-akara mmalite nke iwu ụlọ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na isi iyi nke Osimiri Yangtze.
Mgbe njedebe nke "Cultural Revolution", karịsịa mgbe nnọkọ nke atọ nke Central kọmitii nke 11 gasịrị, ụlọ ọrụ mmiri mmiri nke China abanyela ọzọ na ọkwa nke mmepe ngwa ngwa. Ọtụtụ ọrụ ike mmiri dị ka Gezhouba, Wujiangdu, na Baishan amụbaala ngwa ngwa, ebe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Longyangxia nwere ikike nke 320000 kW amalitela iwu. N'ikpeazụ, n'oge ikuku mgbanwe na mmeghe nke oge opupu ihe ubi, usoro nrụpụta ike mmiri nke China na-agbanwekwa mgbe niile ma na-emepụta ihe ọhụrụ, na-egosi oke ume. N'oge a, pumped nchekwa ike ọdụ na-enwetakwa ịrịba mmepe, na nke mbụ nkebi nke mgbapụta na nchekwa na Panjiakou, Hebei, na Guangzhou malite; Obere ike mmiri na-etolitekwa, site na mmejuputa atumatu nke mbu nke mpaghara eletriki eletrik 300 nke ime obodo; N'ihe banyere nnukwu ike mmiri, iwu nke ọtụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị ukwuu, dị ka Tianshengqiao Class II nwere ikike arụnyere nke 1.32 nde kW, Guangxi Yantan nwere ikike arụnyere nke 1.21 nde kW, Yunnan Manwan nwere ikike arụnyere nke 1.5 nde kW, na Lijiaxia Hydropower Station nwere ikike arụnyere nde 2, nwere ikike arụnyere nde abụọ. N'otu oge ahụ, a haziri ndị ọkachamara n'ime ụlọ iji gosipụta isiokwu 14 nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri atọ nke Gorges atọ, na-arụkwa ọrụ nke atọ Gorges Project.
N'ime afọ iri ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke 20, owuwu ike mmiri nke China etolitela ngwa ngwa. Na Septemba 1991, a malitere ịrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Ertan na Panzhihua, Sichuan. Mgbe ọtụtụ arụmụka na nkwadebe gasịrị, na Disemba 1994, ụlọ ọrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri atọ dị elu malitere n'ihu ọha. N'ihe banyere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-agbapụta, Ming Tombs (800000kW), Zhejiang's Tianhuangping (1800000kW), na Guangzhou's pumped storage phase II (12000000kW) ka amalitekwara nke ọma; N'ihe gbasara obere ike mmiri, arụrụ ọrụ nke ngalaba nke abụọ na nke atọ nke mpaghara ọkụ ọkụ n'ime ime obodo. N'ime afọ iri gara aga, ike arụnyere nke ike mmiri na China abawanyela site na nde 38.39 kW.
N'ime afọ iri mbụ nke narị afọ nke 21st, a na-arụ nnukwu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 35, nke nwere ikike arụnyere ihe dị ka nde 70, gụnyere ọtụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị egwu dị ka atọ Gorges Project nke 22.4 nde kW na 12.6 nde kW nke Xiluodu. N'ime oge a, nkezi ihe karịrị nde 10 kW etinyegoro n'ọrụ kwa afọ. Afọ kachasị akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ 2008, mgbe ngalaba ikpeazụ nke atọ Gorges Project's right bank power station jikọtara ya na grid maka ọgbọ ọkụ, na nkeji iri abụọ na isii nke atọ Gorges Project nke mbụ haziri aka ekpe na aka nri ka etinyere n'ọrụ ike.
Kemgbe afọ iri nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 21, a na-emepụta nnukwu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị na isi iyi nke osimiri Jinsha nke ọma ma na-etinyekwa ya n'ọrụ maka ike ọkụ. Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Xiluodu nwere ikike arụnyere nde 12.6 kW, Xiangjiaba nwere ikike arụnyere nde 6.4 kW, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Baihetan nwere ikike arụnyere nde yuan 12, Wudongde Hydropower Station nke arụnyere ikike nke 10.2 nde yuan, na nnukwu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị ọzọ etinyere n'ọrụ maka nrụpụta ike. N'ime ha, otu unit arụnyere ikike nke Baihetan Hydropower Station eruola 1 nde kW, Na-eru ọkwa kachasị elu n'ụwa. N'ihe banyere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-ebufe ọkụ, dị ka nke 2022, e nwere nanị ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 70 a na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara ebe a na-arụ ọrụ nke State Grid nke China, na-arụ ọrụ nke 85.24 nde kilowatts, nke bụ ugboro 3.2 na ugboro 4.1 nke 2012, n'otu n'otu. N'ime ha, Hebei Fengning Pumped Storage Power Station bụ nnukwu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri etinyere n'ụwa, yana ngụkọta arụnyere nke nde kilowatt 3.6.
Site na nkwalite na-aga n'ihu nke ebumnuche "carbon abụọ" yana na-aga n'ihu na-ewusi nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi ike, mmepụta ike mmiri nke China na-echekwa ọnọdụ ụfọdụ ihu. Nke mbụ, obere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị na mpaghara echedoro ga-aga n'ihu na-ewepụ ma na-emechi, na nke abụọ, oke nke ike anyanwụ na ikuku na ikike arụnyere ọhụrụ ga-aga n'ihu na-abawanye, na oke nke ike mmiri ga-ebelata n'otu aka ahụ; N'ikpeazụ, anyị ga-elekwasị anya n'ịrụ nnukwu ọrụ ike mmiri, na nkà mmụta sayensị na ezi uche nke ọrụ ihe owuwu ga-anọgide na-abawanye.