Ike bụ akụkụ bụ isi nke nnọpụiche carbon na Carbon Peak. N'ime afọ abụọ gara aga kemgbe Secretary General Xi Jinping kwupụtara ọkwa dị ukwuu na nnọpụiche carbon na ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha elu nke carbon, ngalaba niile dị mkpa na mpaghara dị iche iche amụwo nke ọma ma mejuputa mmụọ nke okwu na ntuziaka dị mkpa nke Secretary General Xi Jinping, wee jiri akọ na-eme mkpebi na ntinye nke Kọmitii Central Party na State Council na ọrụ nke nnọpụiche carbon na ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha elu carbon dị ka ntinye ike nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ si arụ ọrụ, nke na-eduga n'ọrụ nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. kwalitere nke ọma na n'usoro, a rụpụtawokwa ihe dị ịrịba ama.
1. Mee ngwa ngwa mmepe na itinye n'ọrụ nke ike na-abụghị nke fosil
(1) Ike ọhụrụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa. Hazie ma mejuputa atumatu na nhazi atụmatụ maka nnukwu ikuku ike ikuku fotovoltaic bases na-elekwasị anya na ọzara, Gobi, na ọzara. Ọnụ ọgụgụ a haziri ahazi bụ ihe dị ka nde kilowatt 450. N’oge ugbu a, a na-arụ ọrụ ntọala mbụ nke nde kilowatt 95, ma ewepụtala ọkwa nke abụọ nke ndepụta ọrụ. Gaa n'ihu ọrụ mbido wee hazie ma hazie nhazi nke atọ nke ọrụ ntọala. Jiri nwayọọ kwalite ọrụ pilot nke mmepe fotovoltaic ekesa n'elu ụlọ nke mpaghara dum. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị June nke afọ a, mkpokọta ndebanye aha nke ọrụ ụgbọ elu mba ahụ bụ nde kilowatt 66.15. N'usoro kwalite iwu ntọala ike ikuku nke dị na Shandong Peninsula, Osimiri Yangtze Delta, ndịda Fujian, ọwụwa anyanwụ Guangdong na Ọwara Beibu. Kemgbe 2020, ikike arụnyere nke ike ikuku agbakwunyere ọhụrụ na ike anyanwụ agafeela 100 nde kilowatts maka afọ abụọ na-esochi, na-aza ihe dịka 60% nke ikike nrụpụta ike arụnyere ọhụrụ n'afọ. Mmepe na-aga n'ihu nke ọgbọ ike biomass, dịka n'ọgwụgwụ Julaị afọ a, ike arụnyere ike nke ọgbọ ike biomass bụ 39.67 nde kilowatts. Na-arụkọ ọrụ na ngalaba ndị dị mkpa iji nyocha nke ọma ma kwado mmepe nke ike geothermal na mmanụ mmiri mmiri na-abụghị nri. Kwalite mmepụta nnwale ụlọ ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ngosipụta ethanol mmanụ cellulose nke mbụ nwere onwe ya nke nwere ihe nrụpụta kwa afọ nke tọn 30,000. Atụmatụ Ọkara na Ogologo oge maka mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke Hydrogen Energy (2021-2035). Na 2021, ike ọhụrụ ike kwa afọ ga-arịrị 1 trillion kWh maka oge mbụ.
(2) Owuwu nke ọrụ ike mmiri mmiri ejirila nke ọma na-aga n'ihu. Na-ahazi mmepe ike mmiri na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, ma na-agbasi mbọ ike ịhazi atụmatụ ike mmiri na ịrụ nnukwu ọrụ ike mmiri n'ime isi mmiri mmiri dị ka mgbago elu nke osimiri Jinsha, etiti etiti nke osimiri Yalong, na mgbago elu nke osimiri Yellow. Wudongde na Lianghekou Hydropower ọdụ ka etinyere n'ọrụ. Emechara ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Baihetan wee tinye nkeji iri tupu ngwụcha Ọgọst afọ a. A kwadoro ọrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Jinsha River Xulong maka iwu ya na mbido June nke afọ a. Site na 2021 ruo June nke afọ a, ebidola nde kilowatts 6 nke ike mmiri. N'ihe dị ka njedebe nke June nke afọ a, ike ike mmiri nke mba ahụ ruru ihe dị ka nde kilowatt 360, mmụba nke ihe dị ka nde kilowatts 20 n'afọ 2020, na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 50% nke ebumnuche nke ịgbakwunye 40 nde kilowatts n'oge oge "Atụmatụ Afọ Ise nke 14th".
(3) Ike nuklia na-eme ka ihe owuwu na-aga n'ihu. Na-arụsi ọrụ ike na n'usoro na-akwalite nrụpụta ike nuklia n'okpuru ntọala nke ịhụ na nchekwa. Hualong No. 1, Guohe No. 1 ngosi oru ngo, elu-okpomọkụ gas jụrụ reactor ngosi oru ngo na ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ a na-ewu na-akwalite n'okpuru premise nke n'ịhụ àgwà. Na Jenụwarị 2021, Fuqing Nke 5, mkpokọ Hualong No. 1 mbụ n'ụwa mechachara wee tinye ya n'ọrụ. N'ihe dị ka ọnwa Julaị afọ a, obodo m nwere ngalaba ike nuklia 77 na-arụ ọrụ ma na-arụ ọrụ, yana ikike arụnyere nke 83.35 nde kilowatts.
Enweela ọganihu dị mma na mmepe dị ọcha na nke ọma na iji ike fosil eme ihe
(1) Mmepe dị ọcha na nke ọma na iji kol na-aga n'ihu na-abawanye. Nye egwuregwu zuru oke maka ọrụ coal na ike coal n'ịkwado ma kwe nkwa mgbanwe ndụ ndụ na obere carbon nke ume. Gaa n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ dị mma na "ịgba ọkpọkọ" nke ịba ụba nke mmepụta coal na ịgba mbọ hụ na ọkọnọ, na-emejuputa nchekwa nchekwa coal na usoro ọrụ inyefe, na-eme ka amụma nkwa inyefe coal guzosie ike, na-eme ka usoro nhazi mmepụta nke mba dị ike, ma na-ahapụkwa ikike mmepụta dị elu iji mee ka mmepụta nke coal na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na nke ọma. Nyochaa ma kwalite ngosipụta pilot nke nhazi coal dị ala na itinye n'ọrụ. Kpatụ ike nrụpụta kacha elu nke ike coal. Na-eji nwayọọ na n'usoro na-akwalite mkpochapụ nke ikike mmepụta azụ na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ ọkụ. N'afọ 2021, ike ọkụ ga-abụ ihe na-erughị 50% nke ike arụnyere, na-emepụta 60% nke ọkụ eletrik nke obodo, ma rụọ 70% nke ọrụ kachasị elu. Mezue nke ọma "njikọ atọ" nke nchekwa ike coal na mbelata carbon, mgbanwe na mgbanwe ọkụ. Na 2021, 240 nde kilowatts nke mgbanwe emechala. Etibere ntọala maka ebumnuche ahụ.
(2) Ọganihu dị elu nke mmanụ na gas na-aga n'ihu. Kwalite nke ọma atụmatụ mmemme afọ asaa maka nyocha na mmepe mmanụ na gas, ma na-abawanye ike nke nyocha na mmepe mmanụ na gas. Na 2021, mmepụta mmanụ crude ga-abụ nde tọn 199, bụ nke kwụsiri ike ma maliteghachi ruo afọ atọ na-esochi, na mmepụta gas ga-abụ ijeri cubic 207.6, na-abawanye ihe karịrị ijeri cubic 10 maka afọ ise na-esochi. Mee ngwa ngwa mmepe buru ibu nke akụrụngwa mmanụ na gas na-enweghị atụ. Na 2021, mmepụta nke mmanụ shale ga-abụ tọn 2.4 nde, mmepụta nke gas shale ga-abụ 23 ijeri cubic mita, na itinye n'ọrụ nke methane coalbed ga-abụ 7.7 ijeri cubic mita, na-ejigide ọganihu dị mma. Mee ngwa ngwa owuwu nke akụrụngwa mmanụ na gas, kwalite owuwu nke mmanụ na mmanụ gas na ọrụ njikọ njikọ dị mkpa, wee kwalite “otu netwọkụ mba”. A na-emeziwanye ikike nchekwa ikuku nke ikuku ngwa ngwa, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nchekwa gas ejirila okpukpu abụọ karịa afọ atọ. Na-akwalite mmejuputa iwu nkwalite mma mmanụ a nụchara anụcha, ma kwe nkwa ịnye mmanụ mmanụ na mmanụ dizel nke dabara n'ụkpụrụ mba amanyere n'usoro nke isii. Oriri mmanụ na gas ga-ejigide uto ezi uche dị na ya, oriri mmanụ na gas ga-abụ ihe dịka 27.4% nke ngụkọta ike ike mbụ na 2021.
(3) Mee ngwa ngwa ntinye nke ngbanwe dị ọcha nke ike njedebe. Atumatu ndị dị ka "Echiche Nduzi maka Ịkwalite Ngbanwe Ike eletrik ọzọ" ka ewebatara iji kwalite ọganihu na-aga n'ihu nke electrification na mpaghara ndị bụ isi dị ka ụlọ ọrụ, njem, ihe owuwu, ọrụ ugbo na ime obodo. Na-akwalite ikpo ọkụ dị ọcha na mpaghara ugwu. Ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke 2021, ebe ikpo ọkụ dị ọcha ga-eru 15.6 ijeri square mita, na-ekpo ọkụ dị ọcha nke 73.6%, na-agafe atụmatụ a na-eme atụmatụ, ma dochie ihe karịrị nde tọn 150 nke coal rụrụ arụ na mkpokọta, nke ga-enyere aka belata ntinye PM2.5 ma melite mma ikuku Ọnụ ego ntinye aka karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ. Mee ngwa ngwa owuwu nke akụrụngwa ịchaji ụgbọ ala eletrik. N'ime ọnwa Julaị afọ a, e wuola ngụkọta nke nde 3.98, nke nwere ike gboo mkpa mmepe nke ụgbọ ala eletrik. Emeela ihe ngosi nke ojiji nke ike nuklia zuru oke. Mkpokọta ikpo ọkụ nke akụkụ mbụ na nke abụọ nke ọrụ ọkụ ọkụ nuklia na Haiyang, Shandong Province agafeela 5 nde square mita, na-aghọta "nkpuchi zuru oke" nke ikpo ọkụ nuklia na Haiyang City. Emebere ọrụ nrụpụta ike ọkụ nuklia Zhejiang Qinshan n'ihu ọha, wee bụrụ ọrụ ọkụ ọkụ mbụ na mpaghara ndịda.
Ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na-ewu usoro ike ọhụrụ atọ
(1) A na-akwalitekwa ikike ikenye akụrụngwa ike n'ofe mpaghara. Mezue ma tinye ya n'ọrụ Yazhong-Jiangxi, Northern Shaanxi-Wuhan, Baihetan-Jiangsu UHV DC na ndị ọzọ inter-provincial ike nnyefe ọwa, mee ngwangwa nkwalite nke Baihetan-Zhejiang, Fujian-Guangdong interconnected DC oru ngo, na Nanyang-Jingmen-Changsha, Zhumadian na ndị ọzọ transfender-W.vincial. Owuwu nke UHV AC oru ngo na mpaghara na mpaghara na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-akwalite "AC atọ na itoolu kpọmkwem" trans-provincial ike nnyefe ọwa. Hazie na kwalite njikọ nke mbụ ogbe nke nnukwu ike ifufe fotovoltaic base project na grid. Ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke afọ 2021, ikike nnyefe ike nke ọdịda anyanwụ ruo ọwụwa anyanwụ ga-eru nde kilowatt 290, mmụba nke nde kilowatt 20 ma e jiri ya tụnyere njedebe nke 2020.
(2) A na-emeziwanye ikike mgbanwe mgbanwe nke usoro ike nke ọma. Kwalite mgbanwe mgbanwe nke ngalaba ike coal. Site na njedebe nke 2021, mmejuputa mgbanwe mgbanwe ga-agafe 100 nde kilowatts. Hazie ma wepụta atụmatụ mmepe nke Ọkara na Ogologo oge maka Nchekwa Pumped (2021-2035), kwalite imepụta atụmatụ mmejuputa iwu site na mpaghara yana atụmatụ ọrụ nkwado maka ọrụ “Atụmatụ Afọ ise nke iri na anọ”, ma mee ngwangwa owuwu nke ọrụ ndị na-emekọrịta ihe na gburugburu ebe obibi, nwere ọnọdụ tozuru oke, ma nwee ihe ngosi mara mma. Dị ka njedebe nke June nke afọ a, ike arụnyere nke nchekwa mgbapụta ruru 42 nde kilowatts. "Atụmatụ nke afọ ise nke 14" ewepụtara atụmatụ mmejuputa mmepe nchekwa ike ọhụrụ iji mee ka mgbanwe dị iche iche, mmepụta ihe, na mmepe buru ibu nke nchekwa ike ọhụrụ. Ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke 2021, ikike arụnyere nke nchekwa ike ọhụrụ ga-agafe 4 nde kilowatts. Kwalite ịrụ ngwa ngwa nke ọrụ ike gas tozuru oke. Site na njedebe nke June afọ a, arụnyere ike nke eke gas ike ọgbọ bụ banyere 110 nde kilowatts, mmụba nke banyere 10 nde kilowatts tụnyere 2020. Na-eduzi niile localities ime a ezi ọrụ na-achọ-n'akụkụ nzaghachi n'ụzọ dị irè belata elu ibu ina.
Nkwenye nkwado mgbanwe ume anọ na-aga n'ihu na-ewusi ike
(1) Mee ngwa ngwa ọganihu nke teknụzụ ume ọhụrụ. Otutu ihe ohuru ohuru nke sayensi na teknụzụ enwetala ọganihu ọhụrụ, nweta teknụzụ ike nuklia nke ọgbọ atọ kwụụrụ onwe ya, wuo otu nde kilowatt hydropower nke nwere ikike otu nkeji kacha ukwuu n'ụwa, wee nwetaghachi ndekọ ụwa maka nrụpụta fotovoltaic cell arụmọrụ ọtụtụ oge. Enweela ọganihu ọhụrụ na R&D na ntinye nke ọtụtụ teknụzụ ume ọhụrụ dị ka nchekwa ike na ike hydrogen. Meziwanye usoro ihe ọhụrụ, mepụta ma nye "Atụmatụ Afọ ise nke 14 maka Sayensị na Teknụzụ Innovation na Ubi Energy", megharịa usoro nyocha na ụzọ nyocha maka nke mbụ (set) nke akụrụngwa teknụzụ kachasị na mpaghara ume, na hazie mmalite nke mbido mbụ nke ike R&D nke mba na nyiwe mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ n'oge 14th Planification Plan.
(2) Ndozigharị nke usoro ike na usoro na-aga n'ihu na-emikpu. E weputara ma mejuputa atumatu "Nduzi Nduzi n'ime ngwa ngwa owuwu nke otu mba ejikọtara ọnụ n'ahịa ahịa ọkụ eletrik". Zaghachi na atụmatụ mmejuputa iwu maka owuwu nke ahịa ike mpaghara ndịda. A na-akwalite owuwu nke ebe ọkụ eletrik na-arụsi ọrụ ike, na mpaghara isii mbụ nke ebe ndị na-anya ọkụ eletrik gụnyere Shanxi rụrụ ọrụ nnwale na-akwụsịghị akwụsị. N'ime ọkara mbụ nke afọ a, ọkụ eletrik a na-azụ ahịa dabere n'ahịa nke mba ahụ bụ 2.5 trillion kWh, mmụba kwa afọ nke 45.8%, na-aza ihe dịka 61% nke oriri ọkụ eletrik nke ọha mmadụ dum. Na-eme mgbanwe mgbanwe n'otu n'otu na ngalaba nke ume ọhụrụ, nyocha ma chọpụta ọtụtụ ọrụ dị mkpa. Kwalite mmelite nke ọnụahịa coal, ọnụahịa ọkụ eletrik, yana usoro nrụpụta ọnụahịa nchekwa, mee ka ọnụ ahịa ọkụ eletrik na-ere ọkụ, kagbuo ọnụ ahịa ọkụ eletrik ụlọ ọrụ na azụmaahịa, ma kwalite ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ na azụmaahịa ịbanye n'ahịa ahụ. Mee ngwa ngwa nhazi na ngbanwe nke Iwu Ike, Iwu Coal na Iwu ọkụ eletrik.
(3) Ekwalitela nkwa amụma maka mgbanwe ike. Enyere ma mejuputa "Atụmatụ mmejuputa maka ịkwalite ike Green na mgbanwe Carbon dị ala iji mee ezigbo ọrụ nke carbon peaking", "Echiche na imeziwanye usoro, usoro, na usoro amụma maka ike Green na obere carbon carbon mgbanwe" na mmejuputa atumatu maka Carbon Peaking na Coal, Mmanụ na Carbon Mgbanwe nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ịrụ Ọrụ nke Ụlọ Ọrụ, Mmepe nke ike ọhụrụ na New Era", na-akwalite n'usoro na-akwalite mgbanwe ndụ ndụ na obere carbon carbon nke ume, na-emepụta usoro mmekọrịta iwu siri ike, mee ka nyocha siri ike na isi okwu siri ike, ma hazie ndị dị mkpa iji mee nyocha miri emi na ụzọ mgbanwe ike.
Na nzọụkwụ na-esote, National Development and Reform Commission na National Energy Administration ga-emejuputa mmụọ nke 20th National Congress of Communist Party of China nke ọma, ma na-aga n'ihu na-akwalite "Echiche na zuru ezu, n'ụzọ ziri ezi na n'ụzọ zuru ezu imezu New Development Concept na Ime a Good Job nke Carbon Peak Carbon anọpụ iche" na "2030s nke mmejuputa iwu nke Carbon Peak Carbon anọpụ iche" na "2030s nke dị mkpa. na Year n'ihu ga-n'ụzọ dị irè na-akwalite mmejuputa iwu nke a usoro nke atumatu maka carbon peaking na ike ngalaba, na-aga n'ihu site n'ezie ọnọdụ nke mba, anyị ga-agbaso ụkpụrụ nke etinye oruru mbụ, guzosie ike tupu agbasa, na n'ozuzu atụmatụ, ifịk ifịk na n'usoro na-akwalite ume green na ala-carbon mgbanwe na ndabere nke n'ịhụ ike nchekwa, na-akwalite ume ike na-enye ike, ike na-eme ka ikuku carbon na-arụ ọrụ, na-eme ka ike na-eme ka ike na-ekesa ike, na-akwalite mmepụta nke ike. Ụlọ ọrụ coal na-ebuli njikọ ahụ na ume ọhụrụ, na-ewusi mmepụta nkà na ụzụ ike ike na usoro na nhazi usoro, ma na-enye akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, obere carbon, nchekwa ike na ntụkwasị obi maka iru ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke nnọpụiche carbon na ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke carbon dị ka emebere.
Oge nzipu: Dec-06-2022
