N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọganihu nke mmepụta ike mmiri na-enwe ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na ike nke mmepe abawanyela. Ọkpụkpụ ike mmiri anaghị eri ike ịnweta. Mmepe nke ike mmiri na-enyere aka ibelata ikuku ikuku griin haus na ichebe gburugburu ebe obibi, na imeziwanye ojiji nke akụrụngwa na ọdịmma zuru oke nke akụ na ụba na ọha mmadụ. N'okpuru ndabere nke nnọpụiche carbon, atụmanya mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ hydropower ka dị mma ruo ogologo oge.
Hydropower bụ otu n'ime ike kachasị mma iji nweta nnọpụiche carbon
Dị ka ike dị ọcha, ike mmiri adịghị emepụta carbon emissions ma ọ bụ mmetọ ọ bụla; Dị ka ike mmeghari ohuru, ọ bụrụhaala na enwere mmiri, ike mmiri agaghị agwụ agwụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, China na-eche ọrụ dị mkpa nke mbelata carbon na mkpochapụ carbon ihu. Ike mmiri abụghị naanị dị ọcha yana ikuku na-ekpochapụ, kamakwa ọ na-emekọrịta ihe na gburugburu ebe obibi, ma nwee ike sonye na nhazi oke. Hydropower bụ otu n'ime ike kachasị mma iji nweta nnọpụiche carbon. Na-atụ anya ọdịnihu, ike mmiri nke China ga-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwalite mmezu nke ebumnuche "carbon abụọ".
1. Kedu ihe nchekwa mgbapụta na-eme ka ego na ya
Ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ọkụ nke China na-eri ihe dị ka elekere anọ nke ọkụ eletrik ma na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik 3 kilowatt mgbe agbachara, na-arụ ọrụ naanị 75%.
Ebe nchekwa ọkụ na-agbapụta mmiri na-ebufe mmiri mgbe ibu nke grid ọkụ dị ala, gbanwee ike eletrik ka ọ bụrụ ike nke mmiri, ma chekwaa ya. Mgbe ibu dị elu, ọ na-ahapụ mmiri ka ọ na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik. Ọ dị ka nnukwu akụ̀ dị oké ọnụ ahịa nke e ji mmiri mee.
Na usoro nke mgbapụta na ịmepụta, ọ bụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere na a ga-enwe mfu. Na nkezi, ebe a na-echekwa ike ọkụ ga-eri 4kwh ọkụ eletrik maka ịgbapụta kwa 3kwh nke ọkụ eletrik, yana nkezi arụmọrụ nke ihe dịka 75%.
Mgbe ahụ ajụjụ ahụ na-abịa: ego ole ka ọ na-eri iji wuo nnukwu "akụ a na-agbanyeghachi" dị otú ahụ?
Yangjiang Pumped Power Station bụ ọdụ ikike nchekwa kacha ukwuu nke nwere ikike otu otu, isi ụgbụ kachasị elu yana omimi kacha eli na China. A kwadebere ya na ngalaba nchekwa 400000 kW nke nwere isi nke mita 700 n'onwe ya mepụtara ma rụpụta ya na China, yana ikike arụnyere nke 2.4 nde KW.
Aghọtara na ọrụ Yangjiang Pumped Storage Power Station nwere ntinye ego ruru ijeri yuan 7.627 ma a ga-arụ ya n'akụkụ abụọ. Igwe ọkụ a haziri kwa afọ bụ ijeri 3.6 kwh, na ike mgbapụta kwa afọ bụ ijeri 4.8 kwh.
Ebe nchekwa ike Yang abụghị naanị ụzọ akụ na ụba iji dozie oke kachasị elu nke grid Guangdong, mana ọ bụkwa ụzọ dị mkpa iji meziwanye arụmọrụ na nchekwa nchekwa nke ike nuklia na ike ọdịda anyanwụ, mepụta ume ọhụrụ na imekọ ihe ọnụ na ọrụ nchekwa na kwụsie ike nke ike nuklia. Ọ nwere ihe dị mkpa ma dị mma iji hụ na arụ ọrụ siri ike, nchekwa na akụ na ụba nke Guangdong ike grid na netwọk netwọk ma melite nchekwa na ntụkwasị obi nke ọrụ grid ike.
N'ihi nsogbu nke ọnwụ ike, ebe nchekwa ọkụ na-agbapụta na-eji ọkụ eletrik karịa ike ike, ya bụ, site n'echiche nke ike, ebe nchekwa nchekwa na-agbapụta ga-efunahụ ego.
Otú ọ dị, uru akụ na ụba nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri a na-agbapụta adabereghị na ike ya, kama n'ọrụ ya nke ịkpụcha elu na ndochi ndagwurugwu.
Ọkụ ọkụ na oke ike oriri na nchekwa mgbapụta na obere ike ọkụ nwere ike izere mmalite na nkwụsị nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ ọkụ, si otú a na-ezere nnukwu mfu akụ na ụba n'oge mmalite na nkwụsị nke ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ ọkụ. Ọdụdọ ike nchekwa na-agbapụta nwekwara ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị ka mgbanwe ugboro ugboro, mgbanwe usoro na mmalite ojii.
Ụzọ nchaji nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-ebufe ọkụ na mpaghara dị iche iche dị iche iche. Ụfọdụ na-anakwere usoro ụgwọ mgbazinye ikike, na mpaghara ụfọdụ na-ewere usoro ọnụahịa ọkụ eletrik nwere akụkụ abụọ. Na mgbakwunye na ego mgbazinye ikike, uru nwekwara ike nweta site na ọnụ ahịa ọkụ eletrik kacha elu nke ndagwurugwu.
2. Ọrụ nchekwa mgbapụta ọhụrụ na 2022
Site na mmalite nke afọ, mbinye aka na mmalite nke ọrụ nchekwa nchekwa ọkụ ka a na-akọ mgbe niile: na Jenụwarị 30, Wuhai na-arụ ọrụ nchekwa ọkụ na ntinye ego nke ihe karịrị ijeri yuan 8.6 na ikike arụnyere nke 1.2 nde kilowatts kwadoro ma kwadoro ya site na Ụlọ Ọrụ Energy nke Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; Na February 10, Xiaofeng River Pumped Power Station na ntinye ego ruru ijeri yuan 7 na kilowatt 1.2 bịanyere aka na Wuhan wee biri na Yiling, Hubei; Na February 10, SDIC ike ụlọ ọrụ na ndị Gọọmenti Hejin City, Shanxi Province bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta na Pumped Nchekwa Ike ọdụ ọrụ, nke na-ezube ịzụlite 1.2 nde kilowatt pumped nchekwa oru ngo; Na Febụwarị 14, emume mmalite nke Hubei Pingyuan nwere ikike nchekwa ikike nke nde kilowatt 1.4 ka emere na Luotian, Hubei.
Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ezughị ezu si kwuo, ebe ọ bụ na 2021, ihe karịrị 100 nde kilowatts nke ọrụ nchekwa mgbapụta enwewo ọganihu dị mkpa. N'ime ha, State Grid na China Southern Power Grid karịrị 24.7 nde kilowatts, na-aghọ ndị isi ike na-ewu nke pumped nchekwa ọrụ.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nchekwa a na-agbapụta aghọọla otu n'ime akụkụ ndị bụ isi nke nhazi nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ grid abụọ n'ime oge atụmatụ afọ ise nke iri na anọ. N'ime ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-agbapụta agbagoro etinyegoro na China, State Grid Xinyuan n'okpuru State Grid Corporation na South grid peak chaving and frequency modulation ụlọ ọrụ n'okpuru South Grid Corporation bụ ndị bụ isi mbak.
N'ọnwa Septemba afọ gara aga, Xin Baoan, onye isi ụlọ ọrụ steeti Grid, kwuru n'ihu ọha na State Grid na-ezube itinye ego ruru ijeri US dollar 350 (ihe dị ka trillion 2) n'ime afọ ise na-abịanụ iji kwalite mgbanwe na nkwalite nke grid ike. Ka ọ na-erule 2030, a ga-amụba ikike nchekwa nke ebe nchekwa na China site na nde kilowatt 23.41 dị ugbu a ruo nde kilowatt 100.
N'October nke afọ gara aga, Meng Zhenping, onye isi oche nke China Southern Power Grid Corporation na odeakwụkwọ nke otu ndị isi otu ahụ, kwupụtara na nnọkọ nchịkọta maka iwu ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ọkụ na mpaghara ise na mpaghara ndịda na a ga-eme ngwa ngwa owuwu nke ebe nchekwa ọkụ ọkụ. N'ime afọ 10 na-esote, a ga-agwụ 21 nde kilowatts nke ebe nchekwa ọkụ na-agbapụta ma tinye ya n'ọrụ. N'otu oge ahụ, a ga-amalite ịrụ ọrụ 15 nde kilowatts nke ike nchekwa nke a na-eme atụmatụ itinye n'ọrụ n'ime oge atụmatụ afọ ise nke iri na isii. Mkpokọta ego ga-abụ banyere 200 ijeri yuan, nke nwere ike izute ohere na oriri nke banyere 250 nde kilowatts nke ike ọhụrụ na ise ógbè na mpaghara na South.
Ka ha na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-esepụta nnukwu ụkpụrụ, nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ grid abụọ ahụ haziri akụ nchekwa ha gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ.
N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ gara aga, State Grid Corporation nke China bufere nha nha nha 51.54% nke State Grid Xinyuan Holding Co., Ltd na State Grid Xinyuan Group Co., Ltd n'efu, wee jikọta akụ nchekwa ya gbapụtara. N'ọdịnihu, State Grid Xinyuan Group Co., Ltd ga-abụ ụlọ ọrụ ikpo okwu nke State Grid pumped nchekwa azụmahịa.
Na February 15, Yunnan Wenshan Electric Power, bụ nke na-etinyekarị aka na ọgbọ ike mmiri, kwupụtara na ọ na-eme atụmatụ ịzụta 100% nha nha nha nha nha nha nha nha nhata na ike igwe eletrik ugboro ugboro nke China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd. nke China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd. na-ejide site na ndochi akụrụngwa na inye òkè. Dị ka ọkwa gara aga si kwuo, ike Wenshan ga-abụ usoro ụlọ ọrụ edepụtara maka azụmahịa nchekwa nke China Southern Power Grid.
"A na-amata ebe nchekwa nke mgbapụta ugbu a dị ka ihe kachasị tozuru okè, ntụkwasị obi, dị ọcha na nchekwa akụ na ụba n'ụwa. Ọ nwekwara ike inye oge dị mkpa nke inertia maka usoro ike ma hụ na arụ ọrụ siri ike nke usoro ahụ. Ọ bụ nkwado dị mkpa maka usoro ike ọhụrụ na ume ọhụrụ dị ka isi ahụ. Peng CAIDE, onye isi injinia nke Sinohydro, rụtụrụ aka.
N'ụzọ doro anya, ụzọ kachasị mma isi melite ikike nke grid ike ịnakwere ume ọhụrụ bụ ịmepụta ebe nchekwa mgbapụta ma ọ bụ nchekwa ike electrochemical. Otú ọ dị, site na nkà na ụzụ echiche, ndị kasị echekwa na irè ike nchekwa mode na nke ugbu a ike okporo bụ pumped nchekwa. Nke a bụkwa nkwenye nke mba ụwa ugbu a.
Onye nta akụkọ ahụ mụtara na ugbu a, imewe na nrụpụta nke mgbapụta na ebe nchekwa na China achọpụtala ebe obibi, na nkà na ụzụ tozuru oke. A na-atụ anya na a ga-edobe ọnụ ahịa ntinye ego n'ọdịnihu na ihe dịka 6500 yuan / kW. Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụ ahịa kwa kilowatt nke ikike ịkpụcha elu maka mgbanwe mgbanwe nke ike coal nwere ike ịdị ala dị ka 500-1500 yuan, ikike ịkpụcha kacha elu nke enwetara site na mgbanwe mgbanwe nke ike coal kwa kilowatt bụ naanị ihe dịka 20%. Nke a pụtara na mgbanwe mgbanwe nke ike coal kwesịrị inweta ikike ịkpụcha kacha elu nke 1kW, na itinye ego n'ezie bụ ihe dị ka yuan 2500-7500.
"N'ime ọkara na ogologo oge, nchekwa mgbapụta bụ teknụzụ nchekwa ike kachasị dị ọnụ ala. Ebe nchekwa nchekwa na-agbapụta bụ ike na-agbanwe agbanwe nke na-egbo mkpa nke usoro ike ọhụrụ ma nwee akụnụba ka mma." Ụfọdụ ndị nọ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mesiri onye nta akụkọ ike.
Site na mmụba nke ntanye nke ntinye ego, ọganihu teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu na mmejuputa ngwa ngwa nke ọrụ, ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa na-agbapụta ga-ebute ọganihu na-aga n'ihu.
Na September nke afọ gara aga, National Energy Administration nyere ọkara na ogologo oge mmepe atụmatụ maka pumped nchekwa (2021-2035) (nke a na-ezo dị ka atụmatụ), nke tụrụ aro na site 2025, ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke pumped nchekwa ikike etinye n'ime ọrụ ga-abụ okpukpu abụọ nke 13th afọ ise atụmatụ, na-eru ihe karịrị 62 nde kilowatts; Ka ọ na-erule 2030, ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ikike nchekwa nke etinyere n'ọrụ ga-eji okpukpu abụọ karịa nke atụmatụ afọ ise nke iri na anọ, na-eru ihe dị ka nde kilowatt 120.
Dị ka akụkụ dị mkpa nke ịmepụta usoro ike ọhụrụ, a na-atụ anya na ọganihu nrụpụta nke nchekwa mgbapụta, nkebi nke nchekwa ike, nwere ike karịa ihe a tụrụ anya ya.
N'ime oge "atụmatụ afọ ise nke iri na anọ", ikike ọhụrụ arụnyere kwa afọ nke nchekwa mgbapụta ga-eru ihe dị ka nde kilowatt 6, na "atụmatụ afọ ise nke iri na ise" ga-abawanye ruo nde kilowatt 12. Dị ka data gara aga, ike ọhụrụ arụnyere kwa afọ nke mgbapụta mgbapụta bụ naanị ihe dị ka nde kilowatts 2. Dabere na nkezi ego ọnụ ọgụgụ nke 5000 yuan kwa kilowatt, kwa afọ itinye ego ọnụ ọgụgụ n'oge "14th afọ ise atụmatụ" na "15th afọ ise atụmatụ" ga-eru banyere 20 ijeri yuan na 50 ijeri yuan karị.
"Mgbanwe nchekwa nchekwa nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri mmiri" nke a kpọtụrụ aha na atụmatụ ahụ dịkwa oke mkpa. Ihe nchekwa ngwakọ mgbapụta nke agbanwere site na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri hydropower na-enwekarị ụgwọ ọrụ dị ala yana uru doro anya n'ijere oriri ike ọhụrụ na nrụpụta sistemụ ike ọhụrụ, nke ekwesịrị itinye uche na ya.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-15-2022
