Masu Gudun Ruwan Ruwa: Nau'o'i da Ƙididdiga na Fasaha

Turbin ruwa sune mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin makamashin ruwa, suna mai da kuzarin gudana ko faɗuwar ruwa zuwa makamashin injina. A zuciyar wannan tsari shinemai gudu, ɓangaren jujjuyawar injin turbine wanda ke hulɗa kai tsaye tare da kwararar ruwa. Ƙirar, nau'i, da ƙayyadaddun fasaha na mai gudu suna da mahimmanci wajen ƙayyade ingancin injin turbin, kewayon kai na aiki, da yanayin aikace-aikacen.

1. Rarraba Masu Gudun Ruwan Ruwa

Gabaɗaya an rarraba masu tseren injin injin ruwa zuwa manyan rukunai guda uku bisa la'akari da nau'in kwararar ruwan da suke ɗauka:

A. Masu Gudun Tafiya

Na'urorin motsa jiki na motsa jiki suna aiki tare da manyan jiragen ruwa masu saurin gudu suna bugun ruwan gudu a cikin yanayin yanayi. An tsara waɗannan masu gudu donbabban kai, ƙananan kwararaaikace-aikace.

• Pelton Runner:

  • Tsarin: Buket masu siffar cokali da aka ɗora a gefen wata ƙafa.

  • Shugaban Range: 100-1800 mita.

  • Gudu: Ƙananan saurin juyawa; sau da yawa yana buƙatar masu haɓaka saurin gudu.

  • Aikace-aikace: Wuraren tsaunuka, kashe wutar lantarki mara ƙarfi.

B. Masu Gudun Reaction

Reaction turbines suna aiki tare da canjin ruwa a hankali yayin da yake wucewa ta mai gudu. Waɗannan masu gudu suna nutsewa kuma suna aiki ƙarƙashin matsin ruwa.

• Francis Runner:

  • Tsarin: Ƙunƙarar haɗuwa tare da radial na ciki da motsi na axial.

  • Shugaban Range: 20-300 mita.

  • inganci: Babban, yawanci sama da 90%.

  • Aikace-aikace: Ana amfani da shi sosai a tashoshin ruwa masu matsakaicin kai.

• Kaplan Runner:

  • Tsarin: Mai gudu mai gudana axial tare da madaidaicin ruwan wukake.

  • Shugaban Range: 2-30m.

  • Siffofin: Daidaitaccen ruwan wukake yana ba da damar yin aiki mai girma a ƙarƙashin nau'i daban-daban.

  • Aikace-aikace: Ƙananan kai, manyan koguna da aikace-aikacen ruwa.

• Runner Propeller:

  • Tsarin: kama da Kaplan amma tare da tsayayyen ruwan wukake.

  • inganciMafi kyawu kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin kwarara akai-akai.

  • Aikace-aikace: Ƙananan wuraren ruwa tare da tsayayyen kwarara da kai.

C. Sauran Nau'in Masu Gudu

• Turgo Runner:

  • Tsarin: Jiragen saman ruwa sun bugi mai gudu a kusurwa.

  • Shugaban Range: 50-250 mita.

  • Amfani: Maɗaukakin saurin jujjuyawa fiye da Pelton, gini mafi sauƙi.

  • Aikace-aikace: Kananan tashoshin wutar lantarki zuwa matsakaici.

• Gudun Gudun Hijira (Turbine Bank-Michell):

  • Tsarin: Ruwa yana gudana ta cikin mai gudu ta hanyar wucewa, sau biyu.

  • Shugaban Range: 2-100 mita.

  • Siffofin: Yana da kyau ga ƙananan wutar lantarki da magudanar ruwa.

  • Aikace-aikace: Kashe-grid tsarin, mini hydro.

2. Mahimman Bayanin Fasaha na Masu Gudu

Daban-daban na masu gudu suna buƙatar kulawa da hankali ga sigogin fasaha don tabbatar da kyakkyawan aiki:

3. Sharuddan Zabe

Lokacin zabar nau'in mai gudu, injiniyoyi dole ne suyi la'akari:

• Kai da yawo: Yana ƙayyade ko za a zabar motsa jiki ko amsawa.

• Yanayi na Yanar Gizo: Canjin kogin, nauyin nama, canje-canje na yanayi.

• Sassaucin Aiki: Bukatar daidaita ruwa ko daidaitawar ruwa.

• Farashin da Kulawa: Masu gudu masu sauƙi kamar Pelton ko Propeller sun fi sauƙi don kulawa.

4. Yanayin Gaba

Tare da ci gaba a cikin haɓakar ruwa mai ƙima (CFD) da bugu na ƙarfe na 3D, ƙirar injin turbine yana haɓaka zuwa:

• Mafi girman inganci a cikin sauye-sauye masu gudana

• Masu gudu na musamman don takamaiman yanayin rukunin yanar gizon

• Amfani da kayan haɗin gwiwa don wuƙaƙe masu sauƙi da juriya

Kammalawa

Masu tseren injin turbin ruwa sune ginshiƙan canjin makamashin ruwa. Ta hanyar zaɓar nau'in mai gudu da ya dace da haɓaka sigogin fasaha, tsire-tsire masu amfani da ruwa na iya samun babban inganci, tsawon rayuwar sabis, da rage tasirin muhalli. Ko don ƙananan wutar lantarki na karkara ko manyan tsire-tsire masu haɗin grid, mai gudu ya kasance mabuɗin buɗe cikakken damar wutar lantarki.