A yayin da duniya ke fafutukar samar da mafita ga makamashi mai dorewa, Uzbekistan ta nuna babban tasiri a fannin makamashi mai sabuntawa, musamman a fannin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa, godiya ga dimbin albarkatun ruwa da take da su.
Albarkatun ruwan Uzbekistan suna da yawa, sun ƙunshi ƙanƙara, koguna, tafkuna, magudanan ruwa, koguna masu ratsa iyaka, da kuma ruwan ƙasa. A cewar ƙididdigar da kwararru na gida suka yi, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ka'idar kogunan ƙasar ya kai kWh biliyan 88.5 a kowace shekara, yayin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na fasaha ya kai kWh biliyan 27.4 a kowace shekara, tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki da za a iya shigarwa ya wuce kW miliyan 8. Daga cikin waɗannan, Kogin Pskem da ke Lardin Tashkent ya fito fili a matsayin "taskar wutar lantarki ta ruwa," tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki da za a iya shigarwa a zahiri na kW miliyan 1.324, wanda ya kai kashi 45.3% na albarkatun wutar lantarki da ake da su a Uzbekistan. Bugu da ƙari, koguna kamar To'polondaryo, Chatqol, da Sangardak suma suna da babban yuwuwar haɓaka wutar lantarki ta ruwa.
Ci gaban wutar lantarki ta ruwa a Uzbekistan yana da dogon tarihi. Tun daga ranar 1 ga Mayu, 1926, tashar wutar lantarki ta farko ta ƙasar, Bo'zsuv GES – 1, ta fara aiki da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na 4,000 kW. Babbar tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa a ƙasar, Chorvoq Hydropower Plant, ta fara aiki a hankali tsakanin 1970 da 1972. An haɓaka ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka sanya daga 620,500 kW zuwa 666,000 kW bayan an sabunta ta. Zuwa ƙarshen 2023, jimillar ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka sanya a Uzbekistan ya kai 2.415 kW miliyan, wanda ya kai kusan 30% na ƙarfin wutar lantarki da za a iya samu a fasaha. A shekarar 2022, jimillar ƙarfin wutar lantarki da Uzbekistan ta samar ya kai 74.3 kWh biliyan, inda makamashin da aka sabunta ya bayar da gudummawar 6.94 kWh biliyan. Daga cikin wannan, wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta samar da 6.5 kWh biliyan, wanda ya kai 8.75% na jimlar samar da wutar lantarki kuma ya mamaye samar da makamashin da aka sabunta tare da kaso 93.66%. Duk da haka, idan aka yi la'akari da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta ruwa da ƙasar ke da shi a fannin fasaha na kWh biliyan 27.4 a kowace shekara, kusan kashi 23% ne kawai aka yi amfani da su, wanda hakan ke nuna manyan damarmaki na ci gaba a fannin.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Uzbekistan ta himmatu wajen samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa, inda ta ƙaddamar da ayyuka da yawa. A watan Fabrairun 2023, Uzbekhydroenergo ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna (MOU) da Zhejiang Jinlun Electromechanical Industry don samar da ƙananan kayan aikin wutar lantarki ta ruwa. A watan Yuni na wannan shekarar, an cimma yarjejeniya da China Southern Power Grid International don haɓaka tashoshin wutar lantarki guda uku. Bugu da ƙari, a watan Yulin 2023, Uzbek Hydrogenergo ta sanar da tayin gina sabbin tashoshin wutar lantarki guda biyar masu ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ruwa, waɗanda ke da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na MW 46.6, ana sa ran za su samar da wutar lantarki ta kWh miliyan 179 a kowace shekara akan kuɗin dala miliyan 106.9. A watan Yunin 2023, Uzbekistan da Tajikistan sun haɗa kai suka ƙaddamar da wani aiki don gina tashoshin wutar lantarki biyu a Kogin Zeravshan. Mataki na farko ya ƙunshi Masana'antar Wutar Lantarki ta Yavan mai ƙarfin MW 140, wanda ke buƙatar jarin dala miliyan 282 kuma ana sa ran zai samar da wutar lantarki ta kWh miliyan 700-800 a kowace shekara. An shirya wani kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin MW 135 a kogin Fandarya, wanda aka kiyasta zai zuba jarin dala miliyan 270 da kuma samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin kWh miliyan 500-600 a kowace shekara. A watan Yunin 2024, Uzbekistan ta bayyana shirinta na bunkasa wutar lantarki ta ruwa, wanda ke nufin samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin GW 6 nan da shekarar 2030. Wannan gagarumin shiri ya hada da sabbin gine-gine da kuma sabbin dabarun zamani, wanda ya dace da dabarun samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa na kasar don kara yawan kason makamashin kore zuwa kashi 40% na jimillar tsarin wutar lantarki nan da shekarar 2030.
Domin ci gaba da bunkasa fannin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa, gwamnatin Uzbekistan ta aiwatar da manufofi masu tallafawa da tsare-tsare na dokoki. An tsara shirye-shiryen samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa bisa doka kuma ana ci gaba da inganta su don mayar da martani ga ci gaban fasaha da yanayin duniya. Misali, Majalisar Ministoci ta amince da "Shirin Ci Gaban Wutar Lantarki ta Ruwa na 2016-2020" a watan Nuwamba na 2015, inda ta bayyana gina sabbin tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa guda tara. Yayin da dabarun "Uzbekistan-2030" ke ci gaba, ana sa ran gwamnati za ta gabatar da wasu manufofi da dokoki don jawo hankalin masu zuba jari na kasashen waje a fannin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa da sauran sassan makamashi mai sabuntawa. Yawancin tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa na Uzbekistan an gina su ne a zamanin Soviet ta amfani da ka'idojin Soviet. Duk da haka, kasar tana kara rungumar ka'idojin kasa da kasa don sabunta fannin. Sabbin dokokin shugaban kasa sun yi kira da a gabatar da ka'idojin gini na duniya, wanda hakan ke samar da sabbin damar hadin gwiwa ga kamfanonin kasa da kasa, ciki har da kamfanonin kasar Sin, don bayar da gudummawarsu da kuma kafa fasaharsu a Uzbekistan.
Daga mahangar haɗin gwiwa, China da Uzbekistan suna da babban damar yin haɗin gwiwa a ɓangaren samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa. Tare da ci gaba da shirin Belt and Road, ƙasashen biyu sun cimma matsaya mai faɗi kan haɗin gwiwar makamashi. Nasarar ƙaddamar da aikin layin dogo na China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan ta ƙara ƙarfafa tushen haɗin gwiwar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa. Kamfanonin China suna da ƙwarewa mai zurfi a fannin gina wutar lantarki ta ruwa, kera kayan aiki, da kirkire-kirkire na fasaha, tare da fasahohin zamani da ƙarfin kuɗi mai ƙarfi. A halin yanzu, Uzbekistan tana ba da wadataccen albarkatun wutar lantarki ta ruwa, yanayin manufofi mai kyau, da kuma babban buƙatar kasuwa, wanda ke ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau na haɗin gwiwa. Ƙasashen biyu za su iya shiga cikin haɗin gwiwa mai zurfi a fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da gina tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa, samar da kayan aiki, canja wurin fasaha, da horar da ma'aikata, tare da haɓaka fa'idodin juna da ci gaban da aka samu.
Idan aka yi la'akari da gaba, masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta Uzbekistan tana shirye don makoma mai kyau. Tare da aiwatar da manyan ayyuka, ƙarfin da aka girka zai ci gaba da ƙaruwa, yana biyan buƙatun makamashi na cikin gida yayin da kuma ke samar da damammaki don fitar da wutar lantarki da kuma samar da fa'idodi masu yawa na tattalin arziki. Bugu da ƙari, ci gaban ɓangaren samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa zai ƙarfafa ci gaba a faɗin masana'antu masu alaƙa, samar da damar aiki, da kuma haɓaka wadatar tattalin arzikin yanki. A matsayin tushen makamashi mai tsabta da sabuntawa, babban ci gaban wutar lantarki ta ruwa zai taimaka wa Uzbekistan rage dogaro da man fetur, rage fitar da hayakin carbon, da kuma ba da gudummawa mai kyau ga ƙoƙarin rage sauyin yanayi na duniya.
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-12-2025
