Tashoshin wutar lantarki na Axial-flow, wanda aka saba sanye da injin injin Kaplan, sun dace don rukunin yanar gizon da ke da ƙananan kai zuwa matsakaicin kai da kuma yawan kwararar ruwa. Ana amfani da waɗannan injinan turbin a ko'ina a cikin ayyukan dam ɗin da ke gudana a cikin kogi da ƙarancin kai saboda haɓakar inganci da daidaita su. Nasarar irin waɗannan na'urori masu amfani da wutar lantarki sun dogara sosai akan ingantaccen tsari da ayyukan farar hula da aka aiwatar a hankali, waɗanda ke zama tushe don aikin injin injin, kwanciyar hankali na aiki, da aminci.
1. Shirye-shiryen Wuri da Karɓar Ruwa
Kafin wani babban gini ya fara, shirye-shiryen wurin yana da mahimmanci. Wannan ya hada da share wurin da ake ginawa, da kafa hanyoyin shiga, da kafa tsarin karkatar da kogi don daidaita ruwa da samar da busasshen wurin aiki. Cofferdams — guraren wucin gadi da aka gina a ciki ko a hayin kogin - galibi ana amfani da su don ware wurin ginin daga ruwa.
2. Tsarin Ciwo
Tsarin ci yana sarrafa shigar ruwa cikin tashar wutar lantarki kuma yana tabbatar da babu tarkace, kwararar ruwa zuwa injin turbine. Ya haɗa da tarkacen shara, ƙofofi, da wasu lokutan wuraren zubar da ruwa. Tsarin hydraulic da ya dace yana da mahimmanci don hana haɓakar vortex, rage asarar kai, da kare injin turbin daga tarkace mai iyo.
3. Penstock ko Buɗe Channel
Dangane da shimfidar wuri, ana isar da ruwa daga ci zuwa turbine ta hanyar penstocks (rufe bututu) ko tashoshi masu buɗewa. A yawancin ƙirar axial-flow-musamman a cikin ƙananan tsire-tsire-ana amfani da buɗaɗɗen ci da aka haɗa kai tsaye zuwa turbine. Kwanciyar hankali na tsari, daidaiton kwararar ruwa, da rage yawan asarar injin ruwa sune mahimman abubuwan damuwa yayin wannan matakin.
4. Tsarin Wuta
Gidan wutar lantarki yana dauke da naúrar injin injin turbine, tsarin sarrafawa, da kayan taimako. Don turbines na Kaplan, waɗanda galibi ana shigar da su a tsaye, dole ne a tsara gidan wutar lantarki don tallafawa manyan lodin axial da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Kwanciyar hankali ta girgiza, hana ruwa, da sauƙin samun damar kiyayewa sune mahimman abubuwan ƙirar tsarin.
5. Draft Tube da Tailrace
Daftarin bututu yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen dawo da kuzarin motsa jiki daga ruwan da ke fitowa daga injin turbin. Bututun da aka ƙera da kyau yana ƙara haɓaka gabaɗaya. Tashar tailrace tana isar da ruwa lafiya zuwa kogin. Dukansu tsarin suna buƙatar daidaitaccen tsari don rage tashin hankali da tasirin ruwan baya.
6. Dakin Sarrafa da Gine-ginen Taimako
Baya ga manyan gine-gine, ayyukan farar hula kuma sun haɗa da gina ɗakunan sarrafawa, wuraren kula da ma'aikata, wuraren bita, da sauran gine-ginen aiki. Wadannan wurare suna tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na shuka da kulawa na dogon lokaci.
7. La'akari da Muhalli da Geotechnical
Binciken ƙasa, daidaita gangara, sarrafa zaizayar ƙasa, da kare muhalli su ne muhimman sassa na tsarin farar hula. Tsarin magudanar ruwa da ya dace, hanyoyin kifi (inda ake buƙata), da aikin shimfida ƙasa suna taimakawa rage tasirin muhallin aikin.
Bangaren injiniyan farar hula na masana'antar wutar lantarki ta axial-flow yana da mahimmanci ga ɗaukacin aikinsa da tsawon rayuwarsa. Kowane tsari-daga abin sha har zuwa tela-dole ne a tsara shi da kyau kuma a gina shi don jure wa sojojin ruwa, yanayin yanayin ƙasa, da buƙatun aiki. Kusanci haɗin gwiwa tsakanin injiniyoyin farar hula, masu samar da kayan aikin ruwa, da ƙwararrun muhalli shine mabuɗin don isar da amintaccen, inganci, da dorewar maganin wutar lantarki.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-11-2025
