Tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki irin na madatsar ruwa galibi suna nufin tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa waɗanda ke gina gine-ginen riƙe ruwa a kan koguna don samar da madatsun ruwa, tattara ruwan da ke shigowa ta halitta don ɗaga matakin ruwa, da kuma samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da bambance-bambancen kai. Babban fasalin shine cewa madatsar ruwa da tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa suna cikin yanki ɗaya na kogin.
Tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa irin na madatsar ruwa galibi sun haɗa da tsarin riƙe ruwa, tsarin fitar da ruwa, bututun matsi, tashoshin wutar lantarki, injinan turbines, janareta, da kayan aiki masu taimako. Yawancin tsarin riƙe ruwa da madatsun ruwa ke amfani da su tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ne na matsakaici zuwa babba, yayin da waɗanda ƙofofi ke amfani da su galibi tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ne na ƙasa. Idan kan ruwa bai yi tsayi ba kuma hanyar kogin tana da faɗi, ana amfani da tashar samar da wutar lantarki a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin riƙe ruwa. Wannan nau'in tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa kuma ana kiranta da tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta bakin kogi ko tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta madatsar ruwa.
Za a iya raba tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na nau'in madatsar ruwa zuwa rukuni biyu bisa ga matsayin da ke tsakanin madatsar ruwa da tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa: madatsar ruwa a bayan nau'in da kuma nau'in madatsar ruwa. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta ruwa ta ruwa an shirya shi ne a gefen ƙasa na jikin madatsar ruwa kuma yana samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar karkatar da ruwa ta hanyar bututun matsi. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki da kanta ba ya ɗaukar matsin lamba na ruwa daga sama. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki, madatsar ruwa, hanyar magudanar ruwa da sauran gine-gine na tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta ruwa duk an gina su ne a cikin ƙasan kogin kuma suna cikin tsarin riƙe ruwa, wanda ke ɗauke da matsin lamba na ruwa daga sama. Wannan tsari yana da amfani wajen adana jimlar jarin aikin.
Madatsar ruwa ta tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa irin ta madatsar ruwa yawanci ta fi girma. Na farko, tana amfani da babban kan ruwa don ƙara ƙarfin tashar samar da wutar lantarki da aka sanya, wanda zai iya daidaitawa da buƙatun aski na kololuwar tsarin wutar lantarki yadda ya kamata; Na biyu, akwai babban ƙarfin ajiya wanda zai iya daidaita kwararar kololuwa don rage matsin lamba na sarrafa ambaliyar ruwa a ƙasa; Na uku, fa'idodin gabaɗaya sun fi mahimmanci. Rashin amfani shine ƙaruwar asarar da ambaliyar ruwa ta haifar da kuma wahalar ƙaura da sake tsugunar da mazauna birane da karkara. Saboda haka, tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki irin ta madatsar ruwa masu manyan madatsun ruwa da manyan madatsun ruwa galibi ana gina su a yankunan da ke da manyan tsaunuka, kwaruruka, manyan kwararar ruwa, da ƙananan ambaliyar ruwa.
Manyan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki irin na madatsun ruwa a duniya da aka gina galibi suna nan a China, inda Madatsar Ruwa ta Three Gorges ta zo ta farko da jimillar karfin wutar lantarki da aka sanya na kilowatts miliyan 22.5. Baya ga dimbin fa'idodin samar da wutar lantarki da take da su, Madatsar Ruwa ta Three Gorges kuma tana da fa'idodi masu yawa wajen tabbatar da shawo kan ambaliyar ruwa, inganta hanyoyin sadarwa, da kuma amfani da albarkatun ruwa a tsakiya da ƙananan kogin Yangtze, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama "taska ta ƙasa".
Tun bayan babban taron kasa na 19 na jam'iyyar kwaminis ta kasar Sin, kasar Sin ta gina tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki da dama a duniya. A ranar 28 ga watan Yuni, 2021, an fara amfani da rukunin farko na tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki a tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Baihetan, inda aka shigar da jimlar karfin wutar lantarki na kilowatts miliyan 16; A ranar 29 ga watan Yuni, 2020, an fara amfani da rukunin farko na tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta Wudongde don samar da wutar lantarki, tare da jimlar karfin wutar lantarki na kilowatts miliyan 10.2. Waɗannan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki guda biyu, tare da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, Three Gorges, da Gezhouba, sune manyan hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki masu tsafta a duniya, tare da jimlar karfin wutar lantarki na kilowatts miliyan 71.695, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 20% na jimlar karfin wutar lantarki da aka shigar a kasar Sin. Suna samar da shinge mai inganci ga tsaron ambaliyar ruwa, tsaron jigilar kaya, tsaron muhalli, tsaron albarkatun ruwa, da tsaron makamashi a yankin kogin Yangtze.
Rahoton babban taron ƙasa na 20 na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta China ya gabatar da shawarar inganta yanayin iskar carbon da kuma tsaka-tsakin iskar carbon. Haɓaka wutar lantarki da gine-gine a cikin ruwa za su samar da sabbin damammaki na ci gaba, kuma wutar lantarki ta ruwa za ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a sauyin makamashi da ci gaba mai inganci.
Lokacin Saƙo: Oktoba-22-2024
