1, Tsarin tsarin tashoshin wutar lantarki na ruwa
Tsarin tsarin tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa ya haɗa da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa irin na madatsun ruwa, tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa irin na ruwa, da kuma tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa irin na juyawa.
Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa irin ta madatsar ruwa: Tana amfani da shinge don ɗaga matakin ruwa a cikin kogin, domin tattara kan ruwa. Sau da yawa ana gina ta a cikin manyan kwaruruka a tsakiyar da saman koguna, galibi tashar samar da wutar lantarki ce ta ruwa mai matsakaicin tsayi zuwa tsayi. Hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita ita ce tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa da ke ƙasa da madatsar ruwa kusa da wurin da madatsar ruwa, wacce ita ce tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa a bayan madatsar ruwa.
Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa irin ta gaɓar kogin: Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa inda aka shirya tashar samar da wutar lantarki, ƙofar riƙe ruwa, da madatsar ruwa a jere a kan gaɓar kogin don haɗa ruwa. Sau da yawa ana gina ta a tsakiya da ƙasan koguna, galibi tashar samar da wutar lantarki ce mai ƙarancin ruwa.
Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta nau'in karkatarwa: Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa wadda ke amfani da hanyar karkatarwa don tattara ɗigon ɓangaren kogi don samar da kan samar da wutar lantarki. Sau da yawa ana gina ta a tsakiyar da saman koguna masu ƙarancin kwarara da kuma babban gangaren tsayi na kogin.
2, Tsarin Gine-ginen Cibiyar Wutar Lantarki ta Hydroelectric
Manyan gine-ginen da aka gina a cibiyar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa sun haɗa da: tsarin riƙe ruwa, tsarin fitar da ruwa, tsarin shiga, tsarin juyawa da na tsere, tsarin ruwa mai matakin ƙasa, samar da wutar lantarki, gine-ginen canji, da rarrabawa, da sauransu.
1. Tsarin riƙe ruwa: Ana amfani da tsarin riƙe ruwa don katse koguna, tattara ɗigon ruwa, da kuma samar da magudanan ruwa, kamar madatsun ruwa, ƙofofi, da sauransu.
2. Tsarin fitar da ruwa: Ana amfani da tsarin fitar da ruwa don fitar da ambaliyar ruwa, ko kuma fitar da ruwa don amfani da shi a ƙasa, ko kuma fitar da ruwa don rage matakin ruwan ma'ajiyar ruwa, kamar hanyar zubar da ruwa, hanyar zubar da ruwa, hanyar fitar ruwa ta ƙasa, da sauransu.
3. Tsarin shan ruwa na tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa: Ana amfani da tsarin shan ruwa na tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa don shigar da ruwa cikin hanyar karkatarwa, kamar mashiga mai zurfi da zurfi tare da matsi ko kuma buɗe hanyar shiga ba tare da matsi ba.
4. Tsarin karkatar da ruwa da na bayan gida na tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa: Ana amfani da tsarin karkatar da ruwa na tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa don jigilar ruwan samar da wutar lantarki daga wurin ajiyar ruwa zuwa na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ta turbine; Tsarin ruwan bayan ruwa ana amfani da shi don fitar da ruwan da ake amfani da shi don samar da wutar lantarki zuwa tashar kogin da ke ƙasa. Gine-gine na yau da kullun sun haɗa da tashoshi, ramuka, bututun matsi, da sauransu, da kuma gine-ginen giciye kamar hanyoyin ruwa, magudanar ruwa, siphons da aka juya, da sauransu.
5. Tsarin ruwa mai faɗi na hydroelectric: Ana amfani da tsarin ruwa mai faɗi na hydroelectric don daidaita canje-canje a kwarara da matsin lamba (zurfin ruwa) wanda canje-canje a cikin nauyin tashar wutar lantarki a cikin tsarin juyawa ko ruwan baya, kamar ɗakin hawan igiyar ruwa a cikin tashar juyawa mai matsa lamba da kuma matsin lamba a ƙarshen tashar juyawa mara matsa lamba.
6. Gine-ginen samar da wutar lantarki, canji, da rarrabawa: gami da babban gidan wutar lantarki (gami da wurin shigarwa) don shigar da na'urorin janareta na turbine na hydraulic da kuma ikon sarrafawa, gidan wutar lantarki na kayan aiki na taimako, filin transformer don shigar da transformers, da kuma babban injin canza wutar lantarki don shigar da na'urorin rarraba wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi.
7. Wasu gine-gine: kamar jiragen ruwa, bishiyoyi, kifi, toshe yashi, zubar da yashi, da sauransu.
Rarrabuwar dam na gama gari
Madatsar ruwa tana nufin madatsar ruwa da ke toshe koguna da kuma toshe ruwa, da kuma madatsar ruwa da ke toshe ruwa a cikin madatsun ruwa, koguna, da sauransu. Dangane da sharuɗɗan rarrabuwa daban-daban, ana iya samun hanyoyi daban-daban na rarrabawa. Injiniyanci galibi an raba shi zuwa nau'ikan masu zuwa:
1. Madatsar Ruwa
Madatsar ruwa mai nauyi madatsar ruwa ce da aka gina da kayayyaki kamar siminti ko dutse, wanda galibi ya dogara ne akan nauyin jikin madatsar ruwa don kiyaye kwanciyar hankali.
Ka'idar aiki na madatsun ruwa masu nauyi
A ƙarƙashin tasirin matsin lamba na ruwa da sauran kaya, madatsun ruwa na nauyi galibi suna dogara ne akan ƙarfin hana zamewa da nauyin madatsun ya samar don biyan buƙatun kwanciyar hankali; A lokaci guda, matsin lamba da nauyin jikin madatsun ke haifarwa ana amfani da shi don daidaita matsin lamba da matsin lamba na ruwa ke haifarwa, don biyan buƙatun ƙarfi. Asalin bayanin madatsun ruwa yana da murabba'i uku. A saman jirgin, axis na madatsun yawanci madaidaiciya ne, kuma wani lokacin don daidaitawa da ƙasa, yanayin ƙasa, ko don biyan buƙatun tsarin cibiya, ana iya shirya shi azaman layi ko baka da ya karye tare da ƙaramin lanƙwasa zuwa sama.
Fa'idodin madatsun ruwa masu nauyi
(1) Aikin tsarin a bayyane yake, hanyar ƙira abu ne mai sauƙi, kuma amintacce ne kuma abin dogaro. A cewar ƙididdiga, ƙimar gazawar madatsun ruwa mai nauyi yana da ƙarancin yawa a tsakanin nau'ikan madatsun ruwa daban-daban.
(2) Ƙarfin daidaitawa ga yanayin ƙasa da yanayin ƙasa. Ana iya gina madatsun ruwa masu nauyi a kowace siffar kwarin kogi.
(3) Matsalar fitar da ambaliyar ruwa a cibiyar tana da sauƙin magancewa. Ana iya yin madatsun ruwa masu nauyi su zama gine-gine masu cike da ruwa, ko kuma a sanya ramukan magudanar ruwa a tsayi daban-daban na jikin madatsar ruwan. Gabaɗaya, babu buƙatar sanya wani hanyar magudanar ruwa ko ramin magudanar ruwa, kuma tsarin cibiyar yana da ƙanƙanta.
(4) Ya dace da karkatar da ginin. A lokacin ginin, ana iya amfani da jikin madatsar ruwa don karkatar da ginin, kuma gabaɗaya ba a buƙatar ƙarin ramin karkatarwa.
(5) Ginawa mai sauƙi.
Rashin amfanin madatsun ruwa masu nauyi
(1) Girman sashin giciye na jikin madatsar ruwa yana da girma, kuma akwai adadi mai yawa na kayan da ake amfani da su.
(2) Damuwar jikin madatsar ruwa ba ta da yawa, kuma ba za a iya amfani da ƙarfin kayan gaba ɗaya ba.
(3) Babban yankin da ke tsakanin jikin madatsar ruwa da harsashin ginin yana haifar da matsin lamba mai yawa a ƙasan madatsar ruwa, wanda hakan ba shi da kyau ga kwanciyar hankali.
(4) Girman jikin madatsar ruwa yana da girma, kuma saboda zafi mai tsafta da kuma taurarewar siminti a lokacin ginin, za a samar da matsanancin zafi da kuma matsin lamba na raguwar zafin jiki. Saboda haka, ana buƙatar tsauraran matakan kula da zafin jiki lokacin zuba siminti.
2. Madatsar Ruwa ta Babba
Madatsar ruwa ta baka wani tsari ne na harsashi na sarari wanda aka daura a kan dutsen, yana samar da siffar baka mai lanƙwasa a kan jirgin sama zuwa sama, kuma siffar kambin baka tana nuna siffar lanƙwasa a tsaye ko mai lanƙwasa zuwa sama.
Ka'idar aiki na madatsun baka
Tsarin madatsar ruwa ta baka yana da tasirin baka da katako, kuma nauyin da yake ɗauka yana matsewa kaɗan zuwa gaɓar biyu ta hanyar aikin baka, yayin da ɗayan ɓangaren kuma ana tura shi zuwa ga dutsen da ke ƙasan madatsar ruwa ta hanyar aikin katako a tsaye.
Halaye na madatsun baka
(1) Halaye masu ƙarfi. Kwanciyar madatsun baka ta fi dogara ne akan ƙarfin amsawa a ƙarshen baka a ɓangarorin biyu, ba kamar madatsun nauyi waɗanda ke dogara da nauyin kansu don kiyaye kwanciyar hankali ba. Saboda haka, madatsun baka suna da manyan buƙatu don yanayin ƙasa da yanayin ƙasa na wurin madatsun, da kuma tsauraran buƙatu don maganin tushe.
(2) Halayen gini. Madatsun baka suna cikin tsari mai tsayi wanda ba a tantance shi ba, tare da ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya mai ƙarfi da aminci mai yawa. Lokacin da nauyin waje ya ƙaru ko wani ɓangare na madatsun ya sami tsagewa na gida, ayyukan baka da katako na jikin madatsun zasu daidaita kansu, wanda ke haifar da sake rarraba damuwa a jikin madatsun. Madatsun baka tsari ne na sarari gabaɗaya, tare da jiki mai sauƙi da juriya. Aikin injiniya ya nuna cewa juriyarsa ta girgizar ƙasa ma tana da ƙarfi. Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda baka tsarin turawa ne wanda galibi ke ɗaukar matsin lamba na axial, lokacin lanƙwasawa a cikin baka yana da ƙanƙanta, kuma rarrabawar damuwa iri ɗaya ne, wanda ke da amfani wajen yin ƙarfin kayan. Daga mahangar tattalin arziki, madatsun baka nau'in madatsun baka ne mai matuƙar kyau.
(3) Halayen kaya. Jikin madatsar ruwa ta baka ba shi da haɗin gwiwa na faɗaɗawa na dindindin, kuma canje-canjen zafin jiki da nakasar dutse suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan damuwar jikin madatsar ruwa. Lokacin tsarawa, ya zama dole a yi la'akari da nakasar dutse kuma a haɗa zafin jiki a matsayin babban kaya.
Saboda siririn siffar madatsar ruwa da kuma siffar siffar geometric mai rikitarwa na madatsar ruwa, ingancin gini, ƙarfin kayan madatsar ruwa, da buƙatun hana zubewa sun fi tsauri fiye da na madatsar ruwa.
3. Madatsar ruwa mai duwatsu
Madatsun ruwa na dutse na duniya suna nufin madatsun ruwa da aka yi da kayan gida kamar ƙasa da dutse, kuma sune nau'in madatsun ruwa mafi tsufa a tarihi. Madatsun ruwa na dutse na duniya sune nau'in gina madatsun ruwa da aka fi amfani da su kuma suke bunƙasa cikin sauri a duniya.
Dalilan da suka sa aka yaɗu a fannin amfani da madatsun ruwa na ƙasa da kuma haɓaka su
(1) Yana yiwuwa a sami kayan aiki a gida da kuma kusa, wanda zai adana adadi mai yawa na siminti, itace, da ƙarfe, da kuma rage yawan jigilar kaya a wurin ginin. Kusan duk wani abu na ƙasa da dutse za a iya amfani da shi don gina madatsun ruwa.
(2) Mai iya daidaitawa da yanayi daban-daban na ƙasa, ƙasa, da yanayi. Musamman a cikin yanayi mai tsauri, yanayin ƙasa mai rikitarwa, da kuma yankunan girgizar ƙasa mai ƙarfi, madatsun ruwa na duwatsu a zahiri su ne kawai nau'in madatsun ruwa da za a iya amfani da shi.
(3) Ci gaban injunan gini masu girma, masu aiki da yawa, da kuma inganci mai yawa ya ƙara yawan madatsun ruwa na duwatsun ƙasa, ya rage ɓangaren madatsun ruwa na duwatsun ƙasa, ya hanzarta ci gaban gini, ya rage farashi, kuma ya haɓaka ci gaban gina madatsun ruwa masu tsayi da duwatsun ƙasa.
(4) Saboda ci gaban ka'idar makanikan ƙasa, hanyoyin gwaji, da dabarun lissafi, an inganta matakin bincike da lissafi, an hanzarta ci gaban ƙira, kuma an ƙara tabbatar da aminci da amincin ƙirar madatsar ruwa.
(5) Ci gaban fasaha mai zurfi na ƙira da gini don tallafawa ayyukan injiniya kamar manyan gangara, tsarin injiniyan ƙarƙashin ƙasa, da kwararar makamashi mai sauri a cikin ruwa da hana zaizayar ƙasa na madatsun ruwa na ƙasa shi ma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka gini da haɓaka madatsun ruwa na ƙasa.
4. Madatsar ruwa ta dutse
Madatsar ruwa ta dutse gabaɗaya tana nufin wani nau'in madatsar ruwa da aka gina ta amfani da hanyoyi kamar jifa, cikawa, da birgima kayan dutse. Saboda wurin da dutse yake da ruwa, ya zama dole a yi amfani da kayan kamar ƙasa, siminti, ko simintin kwalta a matsayin kayan da ba za su shiga ruwa ba.
Halayen Madatsun Ruwa na Rockfill
(1) Halayen gini. Yawan dutsen da aka matse yana da yawa, ƙarfin yankewa yana da yawa, kuma gangaren madatsar ruwa za a iya sa shi ya yi tsayi sosai. Wannan ba wai kawai yana adana adadin cika madatsar ruwa ba ne, har ma yana rage faɗin ƙasan madatsar ruwa. Tsawon jigilar ruwa da tsarin fitar ruwa za a iya rage shi daidai gwargwado, kuma tsarin cibiyar ya yi ƙanƙanta, wanda hakan ke ƙara rage yawan injiniya.
(2) Halayen gini. Dangane da yanayin damuwa na kowane ɓangare na jikin madatsar ruwa, ana iya raba jikin madatsar ruwa zuwa yankuna daban-daban, kuma ana iya biyan buƙatun kayan dutse daban-daban da kuma ƙanƙantar kowane yanki. Ana iya amfani da kayan dutse da aka haƙa a lokacin gina tsarin magudanar ruwa a cikin cibiyar gaba ɗaya kuma cikin sauƙi, wanda ke rage farashi. Gina madatsun ruwa da ke fuskantar siminti ba shi da tasiri sosai daga yanayin yanayi kamar lokacin damina da sanyi mai tsanani, kuma ana iya aiwatar da su ta hanyar da ta dace da kuma ta al'ada.
(3) Halayen aiki da kulawa. Nauyin da aka samu a wurin da aka tanada na dutsen yana da ƙanƙanta sosai.
tashar famfo
1, Abubuwan asali na injiniyan tashar famfo
Aikin tashar famfo ya ƙunshi ɗakunan famfo, bututun mai, gine-ginen shigar ruwa da na fitar da ruwa, da kuma tashoshin ƙarƙashin ruwa, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton. An sanya na'urar da ta ƙunshi famfon ruwa, na'urar watsawa, da na'urar wutar lantarki a ɗakin famfo, da kuma kayan aiki na taimako da kayan lantarki. Babban tsarin shigar ruwa da na fitar da ruwa ya haɗa da wuraren shigar ruwa da na karkatar da ruwa, da kuma wuraren shiga da fitar da ruwa (ko hasumiyoyin ruwa).
Bututun tashar famfo sun haɗa da bututun shiga da na fita. Bututun shiga yana haɗa tushen ruwa zuwa mashigar famfon ruwa, yayin da bututun fita bututu ne da ke haɗa mashigar famfon ruwa da gefen fita.
Bayan an fara aiki da tashar famfon, kwararar ruwa na iya shiga famfon ruwa ta hanyar ginin shiga da bututun shiga. Bayan famfon ruwa ya matsa masa lamba, za a aika kwararar ruwa zuwa wurin wanka (ko hasumiyar ruwa) ko hanyar sadarwa ta bututun, ta haka ne za a cimma manufar ɗagawa ko jigilar ruwa.
2, Tsarin tashar famfo
Tsarin cibiyar injiniyan tashoshin famfo shine a yi la'akari da yanayi da buƙatu daban-daban, a tantance nau'ikan gine-gine, a tsara matsayinsu daidai, da kuma kula da alaƙar da ke tsakaninsu. Ana la'akari da tsarin cibiyar ne musamman bisa ga ayyukan da tashar famfo ke gudanarwa. Ya kamata tashoshin famfo daban-daban su sami tsari daban-daban don manyan ayyukansu, kamar ɗakunan famfo, bututun shiga da fita, da gine-ginen shiga da fita.
Gine-ginen taimako masu dacewa kamar magudanar ruwa da ƙofofin sarrafawa ya kamata su dace da babban aikin. Bugu da ƙari, idan aka yi la'akari da buƙatun amfani da cikakken bayani, idan akwai buƙatun hanyoyi, jigilar kaya, da hanyar shiga kifi a cikin yankin tashar, ya kamata a yi la'akari da alaƙar da ke tsakanin tsarin gadoji na hanya, makullan jiragen ruwa, hanyoyin kifi, da sauransu da babban aikin.
Dangane da ayyuka daban-daban da tashoshin famfo ke gudanarwa, tsarin cibiyoyin famfo gabaɗaya ya haɗa da nau'ikan da aka saba gani, kamar tashoshin famfo na ban ruwa, tashoshin famfo na magudanar ruwa, da tashoshin haɗa ban ruwa na magudanar ruwa.
Ƙofar ruwa wani tsari ne mai ƙarancin ruwa wanda ke amfani da ƙofofi don riƙe ruwa da kuma sarrafa fitar ruwa. Sau da yawa ana gina ta a gefen koguna, magudanan ruwa, magudanan ruwa, da tafkuna.
1, Rarrabuwar ƙofofin ruwa da aka saba amfani da su
Rarrabawa ta hanyar ayyukan da ƙofofin ruwa suka yi
1. Ƙofar sarrafawa: an gina ta a kan kogi ko magudanar ruwa don toshe ambaliyar ruwa, daidaita matakan ruwa, ko kuma sarrafa kwararar ruwa. Ƙofar sarrafawa da ke kan magudanar kogin kuma an san ta da ƙofar toshe kogi.
2. Ƙofar shiga: An gina ta a bakin kogi, magudanar ruwa, ko tafki don sarrafa kwararar ruwa. Ƙofar shiga kuma ana kiranta ƙofar shiga ko ƙofar kan magudanar ruwa.
3. Ƙofar karkatar da ambaliyar ruwa: Sau da yawa ana gina ta a gefe ɗaya na kogi, ana amfani da ita don fitar da ambaliyar ruwa fiye da ƙarfin fitar da ruwan kogin da ke ƙasa zuwa yankin karkatar da ambaliyar ruwa (wurin ajiyar ambaliyar ruwa ko wurin tsarewa) ko hanyar magudanar ruwa. Ƙofar karkatar da ambaliyar ruwa tana ratsa ruwa ta hanyoyi biyu, kuma bayan ambaliyar ruwa, ana adana ruwan kuma ana fitar da shi zuwa magudanar ruwa daga nan.
4. Ƙofar magudanar ruwa: galibi ana gina ta a gefen koguna don cire toshewar ruwa wanda ke da illa ga amfanin gona a cikin ƙasa ko ƙananan wurare. Ƙofar magudanar ruwa kuma tana da alkibla biyu. Idan matakin ruwan kogin ya fi na tafkin ciki ko kuma magudanar ruwa, ƙofar magudanar ruwa galibi tana toshe ruwa don hana kogin ambaliya a gonaki ko gine-ginen zama; Idan matakin ruwan kogin ya yi ƙasa da na tafkin ciki ko magudanar ruwa, ana amfani da ƙofar magudanar ruwa galibi don toshewar ruwa da magudanar ruwa.
5. Ƙofar ruwa: an gina ta kusa da bakin teku, an rufe ta a lokacin babban ruwa don hana ruwan teku ya koma baya; Buɗe ƙofar don sakin ruwa a lokacin ƙaramin ruwa yana da halayyar toshewar ruwa a hanyoyi biyu. Ƙofofin ruwa suna kama da ƙofofin magudanar ruwa, amma ana sarrafa su akai-akai. Idan ruwan teku na waje ya fi na kogin ciki girma, a rufe ƙofar don hana ruwan teku ya koma cikin kogin ciki; Lokacin da ruwan teku a buɗe ya yi ƙasa da ruwan kogin da ke cikin teku, a buɗe ƙofar don sakin ruwa.
6. Ƙofar fitar da yashi (ƙofar fitar da yashi): An gina ta ne akan kwararar kogi mai laka, ana amfani da ita don fitar da laka da aka ajiye a gaban ƙofar shiga, ƙofar sarrafawa, ko tsarin tashar.
7. Bugu da ƙari, akwai ƙofofin fitar da kankara da ƙofofin najasa da aka sanya don cire tubalan kankara, abubuwan da ke iyo, da sauransu.
Dangane da tsarin ɗakin ƙofar, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'in buɗewa, nau'in bangon ƙirji, da nau'in bututun ruwa, da sauransu.
1. Nau'in Buɗewa: Ba a toshe saman ruwan da ke ratsa ƙofar ba, kuma ƙarfin fitar ruwa yana da girma.
2. Nau'in bangon nono: Akwai bangon nono a saman ƙofar, wanda zai iya rage ƙarfin ƙofar yayin toshe ruwa da kuma ƙara yawan toshewar ruwa.
3. Nau'in magudanar ruwa: A gaban ƙofar, akwai wani rami mai matsi ko mara matsi, kuma saman ramin an rufe shi da ƙasa mai cikewa. Ana amfani da shi galibi don ƙananan ƙofofin ruwa.
Dangane da girman kwararar ƙofar, ana iya raba ta zuwa nau'i uku: babba, matsakaici, da ƙarami.
Manyan ƙofofin ruwa masu saurin kwarara sama da 1000m3/s;
Ƙofar ruwa mai matsakaicin girma mai ƙarfin mita 100-1000/s;
Ƙananan ramuka masu ƙarfin ƙasa da 100m3/s.
2, Tsarin ƙofofin ruwa
Ƙofar ruwa ta ƙunshi sassa uku musamman: ɓangaren haɗin sama, ɗakin ƙofa, da kuma ɓangaren haɗin ƙasa,
Sashen haɗin sama: Ana amfani da sashen haɗin sama don jagorantar kwararar ruwa cikin ɗakin ƙofa cikin sauƙi, kare gaɓar ruwa da kuma gaɓar kogi daga zaizayar ƙasa, sannan tare da ɗakin, samar da tsari mai hana zubewa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na gaɓar ruwa da harsashin ƙofa a ƙarƙashin zubewa. Gabaɗaya, ya haɗa da bangon fikafikai na sama, kayan gado, ramukan hana zaizayar ƙasa na sama, da kuma kariyar gangara a ɓangarorin biyu.
Ɗakin Ƙofa: Ita ce babban ɓangaren ƙofar ruwa, kuma aikinsa shine kula da matakin ruwa da kwararar ruwa, da kuma hana zubewa da zaizayar ƙasa.
Tsarin ɓangaren ɗakin ƙofa ya haɗa da: ƙofar shiga, mashigin ƙofa, mashigin gefe (bangon bakin teku), farantin ƙasa, bangon ƙirji, gadar aiki, gadar zirga-zirga, ɗagawa, da sauransu.
Ana amfani da ƙofar don sarrafa kwararar da ke ratsa ƙofar; An sanya ƙofar a kan farantin ƙasan ƙofar, tana ratsawa ta hanyar ƙofar kuma an tallafa mata da mashigin ƙofar. An raba ƙofar zuwa ƙofa mai gyara da ƙofa mai hidima.
Ana amfani da ƙofar aiki don toshe ruwa yayin aiki na yau da kullun da kuma sarrafa kwararar fitarwa;
Ana amfani da ƙofar gyara don riƙe ruwa na ɗan lokaci yayin gyara.
Ana amfani da mashigin ƙofa don raba ramin da kuma tallafawa ƙofar, bangon ƙirji, gadar aiki, da gadar zirga-zirga.
Mashigin ƙofar yana aika matsin ruwan da ƙofar, bangon ƙirji, da kuma ƙarfin riƙe ruwa na mashigin ƙofar da kanta zuwa farantin ƙasa;
An sanya bangon ƙirji a saman ƙofar aiki don taimakawa wajen riƙe ruwa da kuma rage girman ƙofar sosai.
Haka kuma ana iya mayar da bangon nono ya zama wani abu mai motsi, kuma idan aka fuskanci ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani, ana iya buɗe bangon nono don ƙara yawan fitar da ruwa.
Farantin ƙasa shine tushen ɗakin, wanda ake amfani da shi don aika nauyin da nauyin tsarin saman ɗakin zuwa ga harsashin. Ɗakin da aka gina akan tushe mai laushi galibi yana daidaita ta hanyar gogayya tsakanin farantin ƙasa da tushe, kuma farantin ƙasa kuma yana da ayyukan hana zubewa da hana ƙura.
Ana amfani da gadoji na aiki da gadoji na zirga-zirga don shigar da kayan ɗagawa, sarrafa ƙofofi, da haɗa zirga-zirgar ababen hawa tsakanin mashigar ruwa.
Sashen haɗin ƙasa: ana amfani da shi don kawar da sauran kuzarin kwararar ruwa da ke ratsa ƙofar, jagorantar yaɗuwar kwararar ruwa daga ƙofar iri ɗaya, daidaita rarrabawar saurin kwararar ruwa da rage saurin kwararar ruwa, da kuma hana zaizayar ƙasa bayan kwararar ruwa daga ƙofar.
Gabaɗaya, ya haɗa da wurin waha mai natsuwa, apron, apron, hanyar hana gurɓatawa ta ƙasa, bangon fikafikan ƙasa, da kuma kariya daga gangara a ɓangarorin biyu.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-21-2023
