Rahoton Wutar Lantarki na Duniya na 2021

Takaitawa
Hydropower hanya ce ta samar da wutar lantarki da ke amfani da yuwuwar makamashin ruwa don canza shi zuwa makamashin lantarki. Ka'idarsa ita ce yin amfani da raguwar matakin ruwa (mai yuwuwar makamashi) don gudana ƙarƙashin aikin nauyi (kinetic energy), kamar jagorantar ruwa daga manyan hanyoyin ruwa kamar kogi ko tafki zuwa ƙananan matakan. Ruwan da ke gudana yana motsa injin turbin don juyawa da kuma fitar da janareta don samar da wutar lantarki. Ruwan da ya fi girma yana fitowa daga zafin rana kuma yana ƙafe da ƙananan ruwa, don haka ana iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin amfani da makamashin hasken rana kai tsaye. Saboda balagaggen fasaharsa, a halin yanzu ita ce makamashin da ake iya sabuntawa da yawa da ake amfani da shi a cikin al'umma.
Kamar yadda hukumar kula da manyan madatsar ruwa ta kasa da kasa (ICOLD) ta ayyana babban dam, ana bayyana madatsar ruwa a matsayin duk wani dam da tsayin daka ya wuce mita 15 (daga mafi ƙasƙanci na tushe zuwa saman dam ɗin) ko kuma dam mai tsayi tsakanin mita 10 zuwa 15, wanda ya cika akalla ɗaya daga cikin sharuɗɗa masu zuwa:
Tsawon madatsar ruwan dam ba zai zama ƙasa da mita 500 ba;

Ƙarfin tafki da dam ɗin ya samar ba zai zama ƙasa da mita cubic miliyan 1 ba;
⑶ Matsakaicin magudanar ruwan da dam din za ta yi amfani da shi ba zai zama kasa da cubic mita 2000 a cikin dakika daya ba;
Matsalar gidauniyar dam tana da wahala musamman;
Zane na wannan dam yana da ban mamaki.

A cewar rahoton na BP2021, makamashin ruwa na duniya ya kai kashi 4296.8/26823.2=16.0% na samar da wutar lantarki a duniya a shekarar 2020, kasa da samar da wutar lantarkin kwal (35.1%) da makamashin iskar gas (23.4%), wanda ke matsayi na uku a duniya.
A cikin 2020, samar da wutar lantarki ya kasance mafi girma a Gabashin Asiya da Pacific, wanda ya kai 1643/4370=37.6% na jimillar duniya.
Kasar da ta fi karfin samar da wutar lantarki a duniya ita ce kasar Sin, sai Brazil, da Amurka, da kuma Rasha. A shekarar 2020, samar da wutar lantarki ta kasar Sin ya kai kashi 1322.0/7779.1=17.0% na yawan wutar lantarkin kasar Sin.
Ko da yake kasar Sin ta zo na daya a duniya wajen samar da wutar lantarki, amma ba ta da yawa a tsarin samar da wutar lantarki a kasar. Kasashen da ke da kaso mafi tsoka na samar da wutar lantarki a cikin jimillar wutar lantarki a shekarar 2020 su ne Brazil (396.8/620.1=64.0%) da Canada (384.7/643.9=60.0%).
A shekarar 2020, wutar lantarki ta kasar Sin ta fi yin amfani da gawayi (kishin kashi 63.2%), sai kuma makamashin ruwa (kishin kashi 17.0%), wanda ya kai 1322.0/4296.8=30.8% na yawan samar da wutar lantarki ta duniya. Duk da cewa kasar Sin ce ta daya a duniya wajen samar da wutar lantarki, amma ba ta kai kololuwarta ba. Bisa rahoton da hukumar makamashi ta duniya ta fitar ta shekarar 2016 da hukumar makamashi ta duniya ta fitar, an ce, kashi 47 cikin 100 na albarkatun makamashin ruwa na kasar Sin har yanzu ba a bunkasa su ba.

Kwatanta Tsarin Wutar Lantarki tsakanin Manyan Kasashe 4 Masu Samar da Wutar Lantarki a cikin 2020
Daga teburi, ana iya ganin cewa wutar lantarki ta kasar Sin ta kai kashi 1322.0/4296.8=30.8% na yawan makamashin da ake amfani da shi a duniya, wanda ya zama na daya a duniya. Duk da haka, adadinsa da yawan wutar lantarkin da kasar Sin take samu (kashi 17 cikin 100) ya dan kadan sama da matsakaicin duniya (16%).
Akwai nau'i nau'i hudu na samar da wutar lantarki: nau'in dam na samar da wutar lantarki mai amfani da wutar lantarki, samar da wutar lantarki mai amfani da wutar lantarki, nau'in magudanar ruwa, da samar da wutar lantarki.

Nau'in Dam na samar da wutar lantarki
Dam Nau'in wutar lantarki, wanda kuma aka sani da tafki irin hydropower. Ana samar da tafki ta hanyar adana ruwa a cikin tarkace, kuma iyakar ikon fitar da shi ana ƙayyade shi ta hanyar bambanci tsakanin ƙarar tafki, matsayin fitarwa, da tsayin saman ruwa. Wannan bambancin tsayi ana kiransa kai, wanda kuma aka sani da kai ko kai, kuma yuwuwar makamashin ruwa yana daidai da kai kai tsaye.
A tsakiyar 1970s, injiniyan Faransa Bernard Forest de B é lidor ya buga "Gina Hydraulics", wanda ya bayyana a tsaye da kuma kwance axis na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa presses. A cikin 1771, Richard Arkwright ya haɗu da na'urorin lantarki, tsara ruwa, da ci gaba da samarwa don taka muhimmiyar rawa a gine-gine. Ƙirƙirar tsarin masana'anta da ɗaukar ayyukan yi na zamani. A cikin 1840s, an samar da hanyar sadarwa ta wutar lantarki don samar da wutar lantarki da watsa shi ga masu amfani da ƙarshen. A ƙarshen karni na 19, an ƙirƙira janareta kuma yanzu ana iya haɗa su da tsarin injin ruwa.

Aikin wutar lantarki na farko a duniya shine Otal ɗin Cragside Country a Northumberland, Ingila a cikin 1878, ana amfani da shi don dalilai na hasken wuta. Shekaru hudu bayan haka, an bude tashar wutar lantarki ta farko mai zaman kanta a birnin Wisconsin na Amurka, kuma daga baya aka fara aiki da daruruwan tashoshin wutar lantarki don samar da hasken gida.
Tashar wutar lantarki ta Shilongba ita ce tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta farko a kasar Sin, dake kan kogin Tanglang da ke wajen birnin Kunming na lardin Yunnan. An fara ginin ne a watan Yuli 1910 (shekarar Gengxu) kuma an samar da wutar lantarki a ranar 28 ga Mayu, 1912. Ƙarfin da aka fara farawa ya kasance 480 kW. A ranar 25 ga Mayu, 2006, Majalisar Jiha ta amince da tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Shilongba da ta kasance cikin rukuni na shida na rukunin kariya na kayan tarihi na ƙasa.
A cewar rahoton REN21 na shekarar 2021, karfin wutar lantarki da aka samar a duniya a shekarar 2020 ya kai 1170GW, inda kasar Sin ta karu da 12.6GW, wanda ya kai kashi 28% na jimillar duniya, sama da Brazil (9%), Amurka (7%), da Canada (9.0%).
Bisa kididdigar da BP ta yi a shekarar 2021, yawan wutar lantarkin da aka samar a duniya a shekarar 2020 ya kai 4296.8 TWh, inda wutar lantarkin kasar Sin ta samar ya kai 1322.0 TWh, wanda ya kai kashi 30.1% na adadin duniya baki daya.
Samar da wutar lantarki na daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki a duniya kuma shine kan gaba wajen samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa. Bisa kididdigar da BP ta yi a shekarar 2021, yawan wutar lantarkin da aka samar a duniya a shekarar 2020 ya kai 26823.2 TWh, wanda wutar lantarkin ta samar ya kai 4222.2 TWh, wanda ya kai 4222.2/26823.2=15.7% na yawan samar da wutar lantarki a duniya.
Wannan bayanin ya fito ne daga Hukumar Kula da Dams ta Duniya (ICOLD). Bisa kididdigar da aka yi a watan Afrilun shekarar 2020, a halin yanzu, akwai madatsun ruwa 58713 a duniya, inda kasar Sin ta kai kashi 23841/58713=40.6% na jimillar jimillar duniya.
Bisa kididdigar da BP ta yi a shekarar 2021, a shekarar 2020, yawan wutar lantarkin kasar Sin ya kai kashi 1322.0/2236.7=59% na makamashin da ake sabuntawa na kasar Sin, wanda ya mamaye matsayi mafi girma wajen samar da wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa.
A cewar ƙungiyar haɗin kai na ƙasa da ƙasa (Iha) [2021 Hydropermower Stature], a shekarar 2020, jimlar hukumar ta ce (kashi 6.5%), Indiya (3.2%), India (3.2%), India (3.2%), India (3.2%), Türkiye (1.8%), Japan (2.0%), Faransa (1.5%) da sauransu za su sami mafi girman samar da wutar lantarki.

A cikin 2020, yankin da ya fi ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki a duniya shine Gabashin Asiya da Pacific, wanda ya kai 1643/4370=37.6% na jimillar duniya; Daga cikin su, kasar Sin ta yi fice musamman, tana da kashi 31% na jimillar duniya, wanda ya kai kashi 1355.20/1643=82.5% a wannan yanki.
Adadin samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa ya yi daidai da jimillar ƙarfin da aka shigar da kuma ƙarfin da aka sanya na ajiyar famfo. Kasar Sin tana da karfin samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma a duniya, kuma ba shakka, karfin da aka shigar da shi da kuma karfin ajiyarsa shi ma ya zama na farko a duniya. Bisa rahoton da kungiyar kula da makamashin ruwa ta kasa da kasa (iha) ta fitar ta shekarar 2021, yawan karfin da kasar Sin ta yi na samar da wutar lantarki (ciki har da rumbun ajiya) ya kai 370160MW a shekarar 2020, wanda ya kai 370160/1330106=27.8% na jimillar duniya, wanda ya zama na farko a duniya.
Tashar wutar lantarki ta Gorges Three, tashar samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma a duniya, tana da karfin samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma a kasar Sin. Tashar wutar lantarki ta Gorges Uku tana amfani da injin turbine Francis 32, kowane megawatt 700, da na'urori masu karfin megawatt 50, wanda ke da karfin 22500MW da tsayin madatsar ruwa na 181m. Ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki a cikin 2020 zai zama 111.8 TWh, kuma farashin ginin zai zama ¥ 203 biliyan. Za a kammala shi a shekara ta 2008.
An gina tashoshi hudu masu karfin ruwa na duniya a kogin Yangtze kogin Jinsha na Sichuan: Xiangjiaba, Xiluodu, Baihetan, da Wudongde. Jimillar ƙarfin da aka sanya na waɗannan tashoshin wutar lantarki guda huɗu shine 46508MW, wanda shine 46508/22500 = sau 2.07 na ƙarfin da aka girka na tashar ruwa ta Gorge Uku na 22500MW. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na shekara shine 185.05/101.6 = sau 1.82. Baihetan ita ce tashar wutar lantarki ta biyu mafi girma a kasar Sin bayan tashar wutar lantarki ta Three Gorges.
A halin yanzu, tashar wutar lantarki ta uku Gorges da ke kasar Sin ita ce tashar samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma a duniya. Daga cikin manyan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki 12 a duniya, kasar Sin na da kujeru shida. Dam din Itaipu, wanda ya dade yana matsayi na biyu a duniya, Dam din Baihetan na kasar Sin ne ya tura shi zuwa matsayi na uku.

Tashar wutar lantarki mafi girma a duniya a cikin 2021
Akwai tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki guda 198 masu karfin wutar lantarki sama da megawatt 1000 a duniya, inda kasar Sin ke da kashi 60, wanda ya kai kashi 60/198=30% na jimillar duniya. Na gaba su ne Brazil, Kanada, da Rasha.
Akwai tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki guda 198 masu karfin wutar lantarki sama da megawatt 1000 a duniya, inda kasar Sin ke da kashi 60, wanda ya kai kashi 60/198=30% na jimillar duniya. Na gaba su ne Brazil, Kanada, da Rasha.
Akwai tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki guda 60 masu karfin wutar lantarki sama da megawatt 1000 a kasar Sin, musamman guda 30 a cikin kogin Yangtze, wanda ya kai rabin tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na kasar Sin mai karfin da ya kai megawatt 1000.

Tashar wutar lantarki da aka sanya ta sama da megawatt 1000 ta fara aiki a China
Idan muka tashi daga madatsar ruwa ta Gezhouba, da tsallaka magudanar ruwa na kogin Yangtze ta hanyar madatsar ruwa uku, wannan ita ce babbar hanyar watsa wutar lantarkin kasar Sin daga yamma zuwa gabas, da kuma tashar samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma a duniya: akwai tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki kusan 90 a bakin kogin Yangtze, wadanda suka hada da Dam Gezhouba da kogin Ji10 na kogin Wuji 1, da kogin Wuji 10, da kogin Wuji 10, da kogin Wuji 10, da kwazazzabai na kogin Wuji 10, da kwazazzabai na kogin Wuji 10. 17 a kogin Minjiang, 25 a kogin Dadu, 21 a kogin Yalong, 27 a kogin Jinsha, da 5 a kogin Muli.
Tajikistan tana da madatsar ruwa mafi girma a duniya, madatsar ruwa ta Usoi, wanda tsayinsa ya kai mita 567, wanda ya kai mita 262 sama da na madatsar ruwa na wucin gadi mafi girma da ake da shi, wato madatsar ruwa ta Jinping Level 1. An kafa madatsar ruwa ta Usoi ne a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 1911, lokacin da girgizar kasa mai karfin awo 7.4 ta afku a Sarez, kuma dam din zaftarewar kasa da ke gabar kogin Murgab ya toshe magudanar ruwa. Ya haifar da zabtarewar kasa mai girman gaske, tare da toshe kogin Murgab, sannan ya kafa madatsar ruwa mafi tsayi a duniya wato Usoi Dam, ta samar da tafkin Sares. Abin takaici, babu rahotannin samar da wutar lantarki.
A shekarar 2020, akwai madatsun ruwa 251 da tsayin daka ya wuce mita 135 a duniya. Dam din da ya fi kowanne girma a halin yanzu shi ne madatsar ruwa ta Jinping-I, wani madatsar ruwa mai tsayi da tsayin mita 305. Na biye da madatsar ruwan Nurek da ke kan kogin Vakhsh a Tajikistan, mai tsawon mita 300.

Dam mafi girma a duniya a 2021
A halin yanzu, madatsar ruwa mafi tsayi a duniya, madatsar ruwa ta Jinping-I a kasar Sin, tana da tsayin mita 305, amma madatsun ruwa uku da ake ginawa suna shirin wuce shi. Dam din Rogun da ke gudana zai zama madatsar ruwa mafi tsayi a duniya, wanda ke kan kogin Vakhsh a kudancin Tajikistan. Tsawon madatsar ruwan ya kai mita 335 kuma an fara aikin ne a shekarar 1976. An kiyasta cewa za a fara aiki daga shekarar 2019 zuwa 2029, inda za a kashe dala biliyan 2-5, da karfin da aka girka zai kai 600-3600MW, da kuma samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin TWh a shekara.
Na biyu shi ne madatsar ruwa ta Bakhtiari da ake ginawa a kogin Bakhtiari na kasar Iran, mai tsawon mita 325 da kuma 1500MW. Kudin aikin ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 2 da samar da wutar lantarki na 3TWh kowace shekara. Dam na uku mafi girma a kogin Dadu na kasar Sin shi ne madatsar ruwa ta Shuangjiangkou, wanda tsayinsa ya kai mita 312.

Ana aikin dam da ya wuce mita 305
Babban madatsar ruwa mafi girma a duniya a cikin 2020 ita ce Dam din Grande Dixence da ke Switzerland, mai tsayin mita 285.
Dam mafi girma a duniya da ke da mafi girman karfin ajiyar ruwa shi ne Dam din Kariba da ke kogin Zambezi a Zimbabwe da Zambezi. An gina ta ne a shekarar 1959 kuma tana da karfin ajiyar ruwa da ya kai kilomita 180.6, sai kuma dam din Bratsk da ke kogin Angara a kasar Rasha da kuma Dam Akosombo da ke tafkin Kanawalt, mai karfin da ya kai kilomita 169.

Tafki mafi girma a duniya
Dam din Gorges Uku, wanda ke kan gabar kogin Yangtze, yana da karfin ajiyar ruwa mafi girma a kasar Sin. An kammala shi a cikin 2008 kuma yana da damar ajiyar ruwa na 39.3km3, matsayi na 27 a duniya.
Tafki mafi girma a kasar Sin
Dam mafi girma a duniya shi ne Dam din Tarbela da ke Pakistan. An gina shi a shekara ta 1976 kuma yana da tsari mai tsayin mita 143. Dam din yana da girma na mita cubic miliyan 153 da kuma ikon da aka girka na 3478MW.
Ginin madatsar ruwa mafi girma a kasar Sin shi ne Dam din Gorges guda uku, wanda aka kammala shi a shekarar 2008. Tsarin ginin yana da tsayin mita 181, karfin dam din ya kai murabba'in cubic miliyan 27.4, kuma karfin da aka girka ya kai MW 22500. A matsayi na 21 a duniya.

Jikin dam mafi girma a duniya
Kogin kogin Kongo ya ƙunshi Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo za ta iya samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin kilowatt miliyan 120 (120000MW) da samar da wutar lantarki na tsawon sa'o'i biliyan 774 na kilowatt a shekara (774 TWh). Tun daga Kinshasa a tsayin mita 270 kuma ya isa yankin Matadi, kogin yana da kunkuntar, tare da tudu da ruwa mai rudani. Matsakaicin zurfin shine mita 150, tare da digo na kusan mita 280. Ruwan ruwa yana canzawa akai-akai, wanda ke da matukar fa'ida don haɓaka wutar lantarki. An tsara matakai uku na manyan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki, matakin farko shi ne madatsar ruwan Pioka, dake kan iyaka tsakanin Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango da Jamhuriyar Congo; Babban madatsar ruwa ta Grand Inga mataki na biyu da na Matadi madatsar ruwa na uku duk suna cikin Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango. Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Pioka tana amfani da shugaban ruwa mai tsawon mita 80 kuma tana shirin girka raka'a 30, mai karfin kilowatt miliyan 22 da samar da wutar lantarki a duk shekara na sa'o'i kilowatt biliyan 177, tare da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da Jamhuriyar Kongo suna samun rabin kowannensu. Tashar wutar lantarki ta Matadi tana amfani da shugaban ruwa mai tsawon mita 50 kuma tana shirin girka raka'a 36, ​​mai karfin kilowatt miliyan 12 da samar da wutar lantarki na tsawon sa'o'i biliyan 87 a shekara. Sashin Rapids na Yingjia, wanda ke da digon mita 100 a cikin kilomita 25, shi ne bangaren kogin da ya fi yawan albarkatun ruwa a duniya.
Akwai tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki a duniya fiye da madatsar ruwan Gorges guda uku da ba a kammala ba
Kogin Yarlung Zangbo shi ne kogin tudu mafi tsayi a kasar Sin, dake cikin yankin Tibet mai cin gashin kansa, kuma daya daga cikin koguna mafi girma a duniya. Bisa ka’ida, bayan kammala aikin tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Kogin Yarlung Zangbo, karfin da aka girka zai kai megawatt 50000, kuma samar da wutar lantarkin zai ninka na madatsar ruwa uku na Gorges (98.8 TWh), wanda zai kai TWh 300, wanda zai kasance tashar wutar lantarki mafi girma a duniya.
Kogin Yarlung Zangbo shi ne kogin tudu mafi tsayi a kasar Sin, dake cikin yankin Tibet mai cin gashin kansa, kuma daya daga cikin koguna mafi girma a duniya. Bisa ka’ida, bayan kammala aikin tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Kogin Yarlung Zangbo, karfin da aka girka zai kai megawatt 50000, kuma samar da wutar lantarkin zai ninka na madatsar ruwa uku na Gorges (98.8 TWh), wanda zai kai TWh 300, wanda zai kasance tashar wutar lantarki mafi girma a duniya.
Kogin Yarlung Zangbo an sake masa suna “Kogin Brahmaputra” bayan ya fito daga yankin Luoyu zuwa Indiya. Bayan ya bi ta Bangladesh, an sake masa suna "Kogin Jamuna". Bayan ya haɗu da kogin Ganges a cikin yankinsa, ya kwarara zuwa cikin Bay na Bengal a cikin Tekun Indiya. Tsawon tsayin ya kai kilomita 2104, kogin da yake da tsawon kilomita 2057 a jihar Tibet, jimlar digon mita 5435, kuma matsakaicin gangare ya zama na farko a tsakanin manyan kogunan kasar Sin. Basin yana da tsawo daga gabas zuwa yamma, wanda tsawonsa ya wuce kilomita 1450 daga gabas zuwa yamma kuma mafi girman fadin kilomita 290 daga arewa zuwa kudu. Matsakaicin tsayin daka shine kusan mita 4500. Ƙasar tana da tsayi a yamma da ƙasa a gabas, tare da mafi ƙasƙanci a kudu maso gabas. Jimillar fadin kogin ya kai murabba'in kilomita 240480, wanda ya kai kashi 20 cikin 100 na daukacin matsugunan kogin Tibet, kuma kusan kashi 40.8 cikin 100 na yawan matsugunan kogin na Tibet, wanda ya zama na biyar a cikin dukkanin rafukan kogin kasar Sin.
Dangane da bayanan shekarar 2019, kasashen da suka fi kowacce yawan wutar lantarki a duniya su ne Iceland (51699 kWh/mutum) da Norway (23210 kWh/mutum). Iceland ta dogara ne akan samar da wutar lantarki na geothermal da na ruwa; Norway ta dogara ne da wutar lantarki, wanda ke da kashi 97% na tsarin samar da wutar lantarkin Norway.
Tsarin makamashi na kasashen Nepal da Bhutan, wadanda ke kusa da Tibet na kasar Sin, ba su dogara da albarkatun mai ba, a maimakon haka, sun dogara da albarkatun ruwa mai yawa. Ana amfani da wutar lantarki ba kawai a cikin gida ba, har ma da fitarwa.

Ƙirƙirar wutar lantarki mai ɗaukar nauyi
Ruwan wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi shine hanyar ajiyar makamashi, ba hanyar samar da wutar lantarki ba. Lokacin da bukatar wutar lantarki ta yi ƙasa, ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki da ya wuce gona da iri yana ci gaba da samar da wutar lantarki, yana motsa fam ɗin lantarki don fitar da ruwa zuwa babban matakin ajiya. Lokacin da bukatar wutar lantarki ta yi yawa, ana amfani da ruwa mai yawa don samar da wutar lantarki. Wannan hanya na iya inganta yawan amfani da na'urorin janareta kuma yana da mahimmanci a cikin kasuwanci.
Tushen ajiya shine muhimmin sashi na tsarin makamashi mai tsabta na zamani da na gaba. Babban haɓakar hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa kamar iska da hasken rana, tare da maye gurbinsu na janareta na gargajiya, ya haifar da ƙara matsa lamba ga grid ɗin wutar lantarki kuma ya jaddada wajibcin adana “batir ɗin ruwa”.
Adadin wutar lantarki mai amfani da wutar lantarki yana daidai da daidaitaccen ƙarfin da aka sanya na ajiyar famfo kuma yana da alaƙa da adadin ajiyar famfo. A cikin 2020, akwai 68 masu aiki da 42 da ake ginawa a duk duniya.
Kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na kasar Sin ya zama na farko a duniya, don haka yawan tashoshin wutar lantarki da ake amfani da su da ake ginawa ya zama na farko a duniya. Na biye kuma su ne Japan da Amurka.

Tashar wutar lantarki mafi girma a duniya ita ce Tashar Ma'ajiyar Wuta ta Bath County a Amurka, wacce ke da karfin 3003MW.
Babban tashar ajiyar wutar lantarki mafi girma a kasar Sin ita ce tashar wutar lantarki ta Huishou Pumped Storage Power Station, mai karfin 2448MW.
Tashar wutar lantarki mafi girma ta biyu mafi girma a kasar Sin ita ce tashar wutar lantarki ta Guangdong, wacce ke da karfin 2400MW.
Tashoshin wutar lantarkin kasar Sin da ake ginawa sun zama na farko a duniya. Akwai tashoshi uku da aka girka sama da 1000MW: Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Fengning (3600MW, an kammala daga 2019 zuwa 2021), Jixi Pumped Storage Power Station (1800MW, kammala a 2018), da Huanggou Pumped Storage Power Station (1200MW, kammala a cikin 9).
Tashar wutar lantarki mafi girma a duniya ita ce tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Yamdrok, dake birnin Tibet na kasar Sin, a tsayin mita 4441.

Stream samar da wutar lantarki
Run of the river hydropower (ROR), wanda kuma aka sani da runoff hydropower, wani nau'i ne na wutar lantarki mai amfani da wutar lantarki wanda ya dogara da wutar lantarki amma kawai yana buƙatar ruwa kaɗan ko kuma baya buƙatar ajiyar ruwa mai yawa don samar da wutar lantarki. Samar da wutar lantarki ta kogin kusan gaba daya baya buƙatar ajiyar ruwa ko kuma kawai yana buƙatar gina ƙananan wuraren ajiyar ruwa. Lokacin gina ƙananan wuraren ajiyar ruwa, waɗannan wuraren ajiyar ruwa ana kiran su wuraren daidaitawa ko wuraren da ke gaba. Saboda rashin manyan wuraren ajiyar ruwa, samar da wutar lantarki na magudanan ruwa yana da matuƙar kula da sauye-sauyen ƙarar ruwa na lokaci-lokaci a tushen ruwa. Don haka, galibi ana siffanta shuke-shuken wutar lantarki a matsayin tushen makamashi mai tsaka-tsaki. Idan an gina tafki mai daidaitawa a cikin tashar wutar lantarki mai rafi wanda zai iya daidaita kwararar ruwa a kowane lokaci, ana iya amfani da shi azaman tashar wutar lantarki kololuwa ko tashar wutar lantarki ta tushe.
Tashar wutar lantarki mafi girma ta Sichuan a duniya ita ce madatsar ruwa ta Jirau da ke kogin Madeira a Brazil. Tsawon madatsar ruwan ya kai mita 63, tsayinsa ya kai mita 1500, da kuma karfin da aka girka megawatt 3075. An kammala shi a cikin 2016.
Tashar wutar lantarki ta uku mafi girma a duniya ita ce madatsar ruwa ta Cif Joseph Dam da ke kogin Columbia a Amurka, wanda tsayinsa ya kai mita 72, tsayin mita 1817, karfin wutar lantarkin da ya kai megawatt 2620, da samar da wutar lantarki na shekara-shekara na 9780 GWh. An kammala shi a shekarar 1979.
Babban tashar samar da wutar lantarki irin ta Sichuan a kasar Sin ita ce madatsar ruwa ta Tianshengqiao II, dake kan kogin Nanpan. Dam din yana da tsayin mita 58.7, tsayinsa 471m, girman 4800000m3, da karfin da aka girka na 1320MW. An kammala shi a shekarar 1997.

Ƙirƙirar wutar lantarki
Ana samun wutar lantarki ta hanyar tashi da faɗuwar matakan ruwan teku da igiyar ruwa ke haifarwa. Gabaɗaya, ana gina tafki ne don samar da wutar lantarki, amma kuma ana amfani da ruwa kai tsaye wajen samar da wutar lantarki. Babu wurare da yawa a duniya da suka dace da samar da wutar lantarki, kuma akwai wurare takwas a Burtaniya da aka kiyasta za su iya biyan kashi 20% na bukatun wutar lantarki a kasar.
Cibiyar samar da wutar lantarki ta farko a duniya ita ce tashar wutar lantarki ta Lance, dake birnin Lance na kasar Faransa. An gina shi daga 1960 zuwa 1966 tsawon shekaru 6. Wurin da aka shigar shine 240MW.
Tashar wutar lantarki mafi girma a duniya ita ce tashar wutar lantarki ta Sihwa Lake Tidal da ke Koriya ta Kudu, mai karfin megawatt 254 kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 2011.
Tashar wutar lantarki ta farko a Arewacin Amurka ita ce tashar Annapolis Royal Generating, wacce ke cikin Royal, Annapolis, Nova Scotia, Kanada, a ƙofar Bay of Fundy. Ƙarfin da aka sanya shi ne 20MW kuma an kammala shi a cikin 1984.
Babban tashar samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma a kasar Sin ita ce tashar wutar lantarki ta Jiangxia, wacce ke kudancin birnin Hangzhou, tana da karfin wutar lantarki mai karfin 4.1MW da saiti 6 kawai. Ya fara aiki a shekarar 1985.
An shigar da na farko a cikin janareta na yanzu na tidal Power Nuna Aikin Nunawa na Rock Tidal Power a Tsibirin Vancouver, Kanada, a cikin Satumba 2006.
A halin yanzu, aikin samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma a duniya, MeyGen (MeyGen tidal energy project), ana gina shi a Pentland Firth, dake arewacin Scotland, mai karfin megawatt 398 kuma ana sa ran kammala shi a shekarar 2021.
Gujarat, Indiya na shirin gina tashar wutar lantarki ta farko ta kasuwanci a Kudancin Asiya. An girka wata tashar samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatt 50 a mashigin tekun Kutch da ke yammacin gabar tekun Indiya, kuma an fara ginin a farkon shekarar 2012.
Shirin samar da wutar lantarki na Penzhin Tidal da aka shirya a yankin Kamchatka na kasar Rasha yana da karfin wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatt 87100 da kuma karfin samar da wutar lantarki na 200TWh na shekara, wanda ya zama tashar samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma a duniya. Da zarar an kammala, Tashar Wutar Tidal ta Pinrenna Bay za ta sami ƙarfin shigar da tashar wutar lantarki ta Gorge Uku na yanzu.