Siffofin tashoshin wutar lantarki sun haɗa da:
1. Tsaftataccen makamashi: Tashoshin wutar lantarki ba sa samar da gurbatacciyar iska ko hayakin iskar gas, kuma tushen makamashi ne mai tsafta.
2. Makamashi mai sabuntawa: Tashoshin wutar lantarki sun dogara ne akan zazzagewar ruwa, kuma ruwa ba zai cika cinyewa ba, wanda zai sa su zama tushen makamashi mai sabuntawa.
3. Babban kwanciyar hankali: Albarkatun ruwa mai wadatar ruwa da tsayayyen ruwa yana sanya ikon samar da wutar lantarki na tashoshin wutar lantarki ya zama tabbatacce, dacewa da bukatun samar da wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci.
Dangane da hanyoyin gini daban-daban da hanyoyin amfani da makamashin ruwa, ana iya raba tashoshin wutar lantarki zuwa nau'ikan masu zuwa:
1. Nau'in tashar wutar lantarki: Ta hanyar adana ruwa a cikin dam, ana sarrafa matakin ruwan kogin, kuma ana amfani da digon kai don tuka injin turbine don samar da wutar lantarki.
2. Tashar wutar lantarki da aka yi famfo: A cikin ƙananan wurare, tashoshin wutar lantarki irin na tafki suna iyakance da ƙarar ruwa. Tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na amfani da famfunan ruwa don fitar da ruwa daga ƙananan wurare zuwa manyan wurare, sannan su samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar aikin shugaban ruwa.
3. Tashar wutar lantarki ta Tidal: Yin amfani da jujjuyawar ruwa don tattara tsayin daka na canjin matakan ruwa da samar da wutar lantarki a ƙarƙashin aikin wutar lantarki.
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A taƙaice, tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki wani muhimmin tushen makamashi ne mai tsafta tare da halaye irin su tsafta, sabuntawa, da kwanciyar hankali, kuma an rarraba su bisa hanyoyin gininsu da hanyoyin amfani da makamashin ruwa.
Akwai manyan nau'ikan madatsun ruwa da yawa a tashoshin wutar lantarki:
1. Dam mai nauyi: Katanga ce ta tsaye da aka yi ta da kayan aiki kamar siminti ko dutse, wanda ke daukar nauyin ruwa ta hanyar nauyi. Matsugunan ruwa gabaɗaya suna da kwanciyar hankali, amma suna buƙatar ƙarin kayan gini da filin ƙasa. Halinsa shine cewa gindin dam yana da fadi kuma saman dam din yana da kunkuntar, wanda ya dace da yanayin da bangarorin biyu na kwarin kogin suna goyon bayan tushe mai kyau na dutse.
2. Arch dam: Wani nau'i ne na dam da ya hada da katanga masu lankwasa, wanda ke watsa ruwa ta hanyar tsarin baka. A lokacin da ake gina madatsar ruwa, ya zama dole a fara gina wani katako mai siffar baka na wucin gadi, sannan a zuba siminti a kai don samar da shi. Madatsun madatsun ruwa sun dace da kunkuntar wurare masu tsayi da manyan canyon, tare da fa'idodi kamar ƙarancin aikin ƙasa da kyakkyawan aikin girgizar ƙasa.
3. Duniya-rock dam: Wani nau'in dam ne da ake samu ta hanyar tara kayan ƙasa da na dutse, kuma cikinsa yana ɗaukar matakan kariya don guje wa zubar ruwa. Madatsun ruwa-dutse suna cinye ɗan ƙaramin siminti da sauran kayan aiki, amma ana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo kafin a gama ƙarfafa dam ɗin. Damman-dutse-dutse sun dace da wuraren da ke da kwararar ruwa mai lebur da tsaunuka.
4. Dam din karkatar da ruwa: Shi ne dan karamin bangare da ake amfani da shi wajen tafiyar da ruwa, kuma siffarsa da tsarinsa sun sha bamban da na dam. Galibi ana gina madatsun ruwa a tsakiyar koguna don karkatar da ruwa zuwa wuraren samar da wutar lantarki ko na ban ruwa. Dam ɗin karkatar da madatsar ruwa gabaɗaya ƙasa ce kuma kayan da ake amfani da su ma ba su da nauyi.
Gabaɗaya, nau'ikan madatsun ruwa na ruwa daban-daban suna da fa'ida da fa'idodi da rashin amfani. Zaɓin wane nau'in madatsar ruwa yakamata ya dogara ne akan yanayin yanayin ƙasa, yanayin ruwa da yanayin yanayi, da sauran ainihin yanayin.
Tsarin cibiyar tashar wutar lantarki yawanci ya ƙunshi sassa masu zuwa:
1. Tafki: alhakin tanadin hanyoyin ruwa da samar da ruwan da ake bukata don samar da wutar lantarki.
2. Wuraren zubar da ruwa: ana amfani da su don sarrafa matakin ruwa da magudanar ruwa, da tabbatar da aikin tafki lafiya, da kuma hana afkuwar bala’o’i kamar ambaliya.
3. Tsarin karkatarwa: Gabatar da ruwa daga tafki zuwa sashin samar da wutar lantarki don samar da wutar lantarki. Tsarin karkatar da ruwa ya haɗa da kayan aiki kamar shan ruwa, tashar shiga, bututun matsa lamba, da bawul mai daidaitawa.
4. Generator Set: na'urar da ke canza makamashin ruwan da aka bullo da shi zuwa wutar lantarki.
5. Tsarin watsawa: Ana watsa wutar lantarki da injin janareta ke samarwa ga mai amfani.
6. Tsarin sarrafawa: Tsarin da ke sa ido, daidaitawa, da sarrafa ayyukan tashoshin wutar lantarki, ciki har da tsarin sarrafawa mai sarrafa kansa, kayan aikin sa ido, da tsarin sarrafa kwamfuta.
Abubuwan la'akari don kimanta kadarorin tashoshin wutar lantarki sun haɗa da abubuwa masu zuwa:
1. Matsayin wuraren tashoshin wutar lantarki: Matsayin wuraren da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke shafar ƙimar su. Ana iya samun bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin yanayin kasuwa da tallafin manufofin da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ke fuskanta a wurare daban-daban, waɗanda ke buƙatar yin la'akari sosai.
2. Ma'auni na fasaha na tashoshin wutar lantarki: Ƙarfin da aka shigar, shugaban ruwa, ƙimar kwarara da sauran sigogin fasaha na tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki kai tsaye suna shafar ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki da fa'idodin tattalin arziki, kuma suna buƙatar cikakkiyar fahimta da kimanta kimiyya.
3. Halin haɗin grid: Yanayin haɗin grid na tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci ga kudaden shigar da wutar lantarki da kuma farashin aiki, kuma ya zama dole a yi la'akari da cikakken la'akari da abubuwa kamar kwanciyar hankali, tsawon layin watsawa, da ƙarfin lantarki.
4. Gudanar da aiki da kulawa: Matsayin kayan aiki, matsayi na kulawa, da kuma bayanan samar da tsaro na tashoshin wutar lantarki sune mahimman bayanai don kimanta darajar su, kuma ana buƙatar cikakken dubawa da kimantawa.
5. Manufa da yanayi: Manufofi da yanayin tsarin da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki suma za su yi tasiri daban-daban akan kimarsu, musamman ta fuskar goyon bayan manufofi kamar manufofin tallafi, tallafin haraji, da kiyaye muhalli.
6. Yanayin kudi: Yanayin kudi na tashar samar da wutar lantarki na daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi kimarsa, wadanda suka hada da zuba jari, kudade, kudaden aiki, samun kudin shiga na samar da wutar lantarki, da dai sauransu.
7. Halin gasa: Yanayin gasar kasuwa da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki su ma za su yi tasiri iri-iri kan kudaden shigarsu na samar da wutar lantarki da matsayin kasuwa. Wajibi ne a sami cikakkiyar fahimta game da yanayin gasar kasuwa da yanayin manyan masu fafatawa.
A taƙaice, kimanta kadara ta tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na buƙatar yin la'akari da abubuwa da yawa, a yi nazari sosai tare da tantance ƙimarsu ta gaske.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-06-2023
