Tarihin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa a kasar Sin

Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta farko a duniya ta bayyana a Faransa a shekarar 1878, inda aka gina tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta farko a duniya.
Edison, wanda ya ƙirƙira shi ma ya ba da gudummawa wajen haɓaka tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa. A shekarar 1882, Edison ya gina tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Abel a Wisconsin, Amurka.
A farko, ƙarfin tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki da aka kafa ƙanƙanta ne. A shekarar 1889, babbar tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa a duniya tana Japan, amma ƙarfinta ya kai kW 48 kacal. Duk da haka, ƙarfin tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki da aka shigar ya samu ci gaba sosai. A shekarar 1892, ƙarfin tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Niagara a Amurka ya kai kW 44000. Zuwa shekarar 1895, ƙarfin tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Niagara ya kai kW 147000.

Bayan shiga ƙarni na 20, wutar lantarki ta ruwa a manyan ƙasashe masu tasowa ta samu ci gaba cikin sauri. Nan da shekarar 2021, ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka girka a duniya zai kai 1360GW.
Tarihin amfani da wutar lantarki a China za a iya gano shi tun shekaru sama da 2000 da suka gabata, ta hanyar amfani da ruwa don tuƙa ƙafafun ruwa, injinan ruwa, da injinan ruwa don samarwa da rayuwa.
An gina tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta farko a China a shekarar 1904. Ita ce tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Guishan da mayaka 'yan Japan suka gina a Taiwan, China.
Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta farko da aka gina a babban yankin kasar Sin ita ce Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Shilongba da ke Kunming, wadda aka fara aiki a watan Agusta na shekarar 1910 kuma ta samar da wutar lantarki a watan Mayu na shekarar 1912, tare da jimillar karfin wutar lantarki da aka sanya na 489kW.
A cikin shekaru ashirin masu zuwa ko makamancin haka, saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali na yanayin cikin gida, ci gaban wutar lantarki ta ruwa a kasar Sin bai samu ci gaba mai mahimmanci ba, kuma an gina ƙananan tashoshin wutar lantarki na ruwa kaɗan, waɗanda suka haɗa da Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Dongwo da ke gundumar Luxian, Sichuan, Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Duodi da ke Tibet, da Tashoshin Wutar Lantarki na Xiadao, Shunchang, da Longxi da ke Fujian.
Lokaci ya yi a lokacin Yaƙin Jafananci, lokacin da aka fi amfani da albarkatun cikin gida don tsayayya da zalunci, kuma aka gina ƙananan tashoshin wutar lantarki kawai a yankin kudu maso yamma, kamar Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Taohuaxi a Sichuan da Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Nanqiao a Yunnan; A yankin da Japan ta mamaye, Japan ta gina manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki da dama, galibi Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Fengman a Kogin Songhua a arewa maso gabashin China.
Kafin kafuwar Jamhuriyar Jama'ar China, ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka sanya a Babban Yankin China ya taɓa kai 900000 kW. Duk da haka, saboda asarar da yaƙi ya haifar, lokacin da aka kafa Jamhuriyar Jama'ar China, ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka sanya a Babban Yankin China bai wuce 363300 kW ba.
Bayan kafa sabuwar ƙasar Sin, wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta sami kulawa da ci gaba ba tare da wani yanayi ba. Da farko, an gyara da sake gina wasu ayyukan wutar lantarki da suka rage daga shekarun yaƙi; A ƙarshen shirin shekaru biyar na farko, ƙasar Sin ta gina kuma ta sake gina tashoshin wutar lantarki ta ruwa guda 19, kuma ta fara tsara da gina manyan ayyukan wutar lantarki ta ruwa da kanta. An gina tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta Zhejiang Xin'anjiang mai ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin kilowatts 662500 a wannan lokacin, kuma ita ce tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta farko da ƙasar Sin da kanta ta tsara, ƙera, kuma ta gina.
A lokacin "Babban Tsallakewa Gaba", ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa da aka fara a kasar Sin sun kai kW miliyan 11.862. Wasu ayyukan ba a nuna su sosai ba, wanda ya sa aka tilasta wa wasu ayyukan dakatar da gine-gine bayan sun fara. A cikin shekaru uku na bala'o'i na halitta, an dakatar da ayyuka da yawa ko kuma an dage su. A takaice, daga 1958 zuwa 1965, ci gaban wutar lantarki a kasar Sin ya kasance mai wahala sosai. Duk da haka, an fara amfani da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa guda 31, ciki har da Xin'anjiang a Zhejiang, Xinfengjiang a Guangdong, da Xijin a Guangxi, don samar da wutar lantarki. Gabaɗaya, masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta kasar Sin ta cimma wani mataki na ci gaba.
Lokaci ya yi da za a fara aikin "Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu". Duk da cewa an sake samun tsangwama da lalata gine-ginen wutar lantarki ta ruwa, shawarar da aka yanke kan gina layin wutar lantarki na uku ta kuma samar da wata dama mai wahala ga ci gaban wutar lantarki ta ruwa a yammacin kasar Sin. A wannan lokacin, an fara amfani da tashoshin wutar lantarki ta ruwa guda 40, ciki har da Liujiaxia a lardin Gansu da Gongzui a lardin Sichuan, don samar da wutar lantarki. An sanya karfin tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta Liujiaxia ya kai kW miliyan 1.225, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama tashar wutar lantarki ta farko a kasar Sin wadda ke da karfin wutar lantarki sama da kW miliyan daya. A wannan lokacin, an gina tashar wutar lantarki ta farko ta kasar Sin mai famfo, Gangnan, Hebei. A lokaci guda, an fara ko kuma an ci gaba da ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa guda 53 a wannan lokacin. A shekarar 1970, an fara aikin Gezhouba mai karfin wutar lantarki miliyan 2.715, wanda hakan ya nuna farkon gina tashoshin wutar lantarki ta ruwa a babban rafin kogin Yangtze.
Bayan ƙarshen "Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu", musamman bayan zaman taro na uku na kwamitin tsakiya na 11, masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta China ta sake shiga wani mataki na ci gaba cikin sauri. An sami ƙaruwar ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa da dama kamar Gezhouba, Wujiangdu, da Baishan, kuma tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Longyangxia mai ƙarfin wutar lantarki na 320000 kW a hukumance. Daga baya, a cikin iskar bazara ta sake buɗewa da buɗewa, tsarin gina wutar lantarki ta ruwa na China shi ma yana ci gaba da canzawa da ƙirƙira, yana nuna babban kuzari. A wannan lokacin, tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta famfo suma sun sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci, inda aka fara matakin farko na famfo da adanawa a Panjiakou, Hebei, da Guangzhou; Ƙaramin wutar lantarki ta ruwa kuma yana haɓaka, tare da aiwatar da rukunin farko na gundumomin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa 300 na yankunan karkara; Dangane da manyan hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki a ruwa, an fara gina manyan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki a ruwa da dama, kamar Tianshengqiao Class II mai karfin wutar lantarki a ruwa da kW miliyan 1.32, Guangxi Yantan mai karfin wutar lantarki a ruwa da kW miliyan 1.21, Yunnan Manwan mai karfin wutar lantarki a ruwa da kW miliyan 1.5, da kuma Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa da ke Lijiaxia mai karfin wutar lantarki a ruwa da kW miliyan 2, a jere. A lokaci guda kuma, an shirya kwararru a cikin gida don nuna batutuwa 14 na Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa da ke Unguwa Uku, kuma an sanya aikin gina Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa da ke Unguwa Uku a cikin ajandar.
A cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na ƙarni na 20, aikin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa a China ya bunƙasa cikin sauri. A watan Satumba na 1991, an fara gina tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Ertan a Panzhihua, Sichuan. Bayan muhawara da shirye-shirye da yawa, a watan Disamba na 1994, an fara aikin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa mai suna Three Gorges a hukumance. Dangane da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta famfo, an fara kaburburan Ming na Beijing (800000kW), Tianhuangping na Zhejiang (1800000kW), da kuma matakin ajiya na famfo na Guangzhou na II (12000000kW) a jere; Dangane da ƙaramin wutar lantarki ta ruwa, an aiwatar da aikin gina rukunin biyu da na uku na gundumomin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa a yankunan karkara. A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka sanya a China ya ƙaru da kW miliyan 38.39.
A cikin shekaru goma na farko na karni na 21, akwai manyan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa guda 35 da ake ginawa, tare da jimlar ƙarfin da aka sanya na kimanin kW miliyan 70, gami da manyan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa da yawa kamar na aikin Three Gorges Project mai nauyin kW miliyan 22.4 da kuma na Xiluodu mai nauyin kW miliyan 12.6. A wannan lokacin, an fara amfani da matsakaicin fiye da kW miliyan 10 kowace shekara. Shekara mafi tarihi ita ce ta 2008, lokacin da aka haɗa na'urar ƙarshe ta tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta bankin dama ta Aikin Three Gorges a hukumance da layin wutar lantarki don samar da wutar lantarki, kuma an fara amfani da dukkan na'urori 26 na tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na bankunan hagu da dama na Aikin Three Gorges da aka tsara da farko.
Tun daga shekaru goma na biyu na karni na 21, an ci gaba da haɓaka manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki na ruwa a babban rafin kogin Jinsha a jere kuma ana ci gaba da amfani da su don samar da wutar lantarki. Tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta Xiluodu mai ƙarfin wutar lantarki na kW miliyan 12.6, Xiangjiaba mai ƙarfin wutar lantarki na kW miliyan 6.4, Tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta Baihetan mai ƙarfin wutar lantarki na yuan miliyan 12, Tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta Wudongde mai ƙarfin wutar lantarki na yuan miliyan 10.2, da sauran manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki na ruwa an fara aiki da su don samar da wutar lantarki. Daga cikinsu, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta Baihetan mai ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya kai kW miliyan 1, wanda ya kai matsayi mafi girma a duniya. Dangane da tashoshin wutar lantarki na famfo, ya zuwa shekarar 2022, akwai tashoshin wutar lantarki na famfo guda 70 kacal da ake ginawa a yankin aiki na tashar wutar lantarki ta Jiha ta China, tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na kilowatt miliyan 85.24, wanda ya kasance sau 3.2 da sau 4.1 na shekarar 2012, bi da bi. Daga cikinsu, Hebei Fengning Pumped Storage Station ita ce babbar tashar samar da wutar lantarki da aka sanya a famfo a duniya, tare da jimillar karfin wutar lantarki da aka sanya a famfo na kilowatts miliyan 3.6.
Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka manufar "dual carbon" da kuma ci gaba da ƙarfafa kariyar muhalli, ci gaban wutar lantarki ta ruwa a ƙasar Sin yana fuskantar wasu sabbin yanayi. Na farko, ƙananan tashoshin wutar lantarki ta ruwa da ke cikin yankunan da aka kare za su ci gaba da janyewa da rufewa, na biyu kuma, adadin makamashin hasken rana da iska a cikin sabon ƙarfin da aka sanya zai ci gaba da ƙaruwa, kuma adadin makamashin wutar lantarki zai ragu daidai gwargwado; A ƙarshe, za mu mai da hankali kan gina manyan ayyukan wutar lantarki ta ruwa, kuma kimiyya da hankali na ayyukan gine-gine za su ci gaba da ƙaruwa.