Tarihin wutar lantarki a kasar Sin

Tashar wutar lantarki ta farko a duniya ta bayyana a kasar Faransa a shekarar 1878, inda aka gina tashar wutar lantarki ta farko a duniya.
Wanda ya kirkiro Edison ya kuma bayar da gudunmawa wajen bunkasa tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki. A cikin 1882, Edison ya gina tashar wutar lantarki ta Abel a Wisconsin, Amurka.
Da farko dai karfin tashoshin wutar lantarki da aka kafa ya yi kadan. A cikin 1889, tashar wutar lantarki mafi girma a duniya tana cikin Japan, amma ƙarfin da aka shigar ya kasance 48 kW kawai. Koyaya, ƙarfin shigar da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ya sami ci gaba sosai. A cikin 1892, ƙarfin tashar ruwa ta Niagara a Amurka ya kasance 44000 kW. A shekara ta 1895, ƙarfin da aka shigar na tashar ruwa ta Niagara ya kai 147000 kW.

Bayan shiga karni na 20, makamashin ruwa a manyan kasashen da suka ci gaba ya samu ci gaba cikin sauri. Nan da shekarar 2021, ikon da aka girka na samar da wutar lantarki a duniya zai kai 1360GW.
Tarihin amfani da wutar lantarki a kasar Sin za a iya samo shi tun fiye da shekaru 2000 da suka gabata, ta yin amfani da ruwa wajen tuka ƙafafun ruwa, injinan ruwa, da injinan ruwa don samarwa da rayuwa.
An gina tashar wutar lantarki ta farko a kasar Sin a shekarar 1904. Ita ce tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Guishan da mahara Japanawa suka gina a birnin Taiwan na kasar Sin.
Tashar wutar lantarki ta farko da aka gina a yankin kasar Sin ita ce tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Shilongba da ke Kunming, wadda aka fara aiki a watan Agustan shekarar 1910 kuma ta samar da wutar lantarki a watan Mayun shekarar 1912, tare da karfin wutar lantarki mai karfin 489kW.
A cikin shekaru 20 da suka wuce, sakamakon rashin zaman lafiya a cikin gida, aikin samar da wutar lantarki na kasar Sin bai samu wani gagarumin ci gaba ba, kana an gina wasu kananan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki, wadanda suka hada da tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Dongwo da ke gundumar Luxian da Sichuan, da tashar Duodi da ke Tibet, da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na Xiadao, Shunchang, da Longxi a Fujian.
Lokaci ya zo ne a lokacin yakin Anti-Japan, lokacin da aka fi amfani da albarkatun cikin gida don tsayayya da zalunci, kuma an gina kananan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki a yankin kudu maso yammacin kasar, kamar tashar wutar lantarki ta Taohuaxi da ke Sichuan da tashar wutar lantarki ta Nanqiao a Yunnan; A yankin da Japan ta mamaye, Japan ta gina manyan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki da dama, musamman tashar makamashin Fengman da ke kogin Songhua a arewa maso gabashin kasar Sin.
Kafin kafuwar jamhuriyar jama'ar kasar Sin, karfin da aka girka na samar da wutar lantarki a kasar Sin ya taba kai 900000 kW. Duk da haka, saboda hasarar da yaki ya haifar, lokacin da aka kafa jamhuriyar jama'ar kasar Sin, karfin ikon samar da wutar lantarki a yankin kasar Sin ya kai 363300 kW kawai.
Bayan kafuwar sabuwar kasar Sin, makamashin ruwa ya samu kulawa da ci gaban da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba. Na farko, an gyara da sake gina wasu ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki da suka rage a shekarun yaki; A karshen shirin na shekaru biyar na farko, kasar Sin ta gina tare da sake gina tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki guda 19, tare da fara kerawa da gina manyan ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki da kanta. An gina tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Zhejiang Xin'anjiang mai karfin kilowatt 662500, kuma ita ce babbar tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta farko da kasar Sin ta kera, da kuma gina ta.
A lokacin “Great Leap Forward”, sabbin ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki na kasar Sin da aka fara ya kai kilowatt miliyan 11.862. Wasu ayyukan ba su cika bayyani ba, wanda ya sa wasu ayyukan aka tilasta dakatar da gine-gine bayan sun fara. A cikin shekaru uku masu zuwa na bala'o'i, an dakatar da ayyuka da yawa ko kuma jinkirta su. A takaice dai, daga shekarar 1958 zuwa 1965, bunkasuwar samar da wutar lantarki a kasar Sin ya yi tagumi sosai. Sai dai kuma an fara aiki da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki guda 31 da suka hada da Xin'anjiang da ke Zhejiang, da Xinfengjiang na Guangdong, da Xijin na Guangxi. Baki daya, masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta kasar Sin ta samu wani matsayi na ci gaba.
Lokaci ya yi na lokacin "Juyin Al'adu". Ko da yake aikin samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa ya sake fuskantar tsangwama da lalata, amma shawarar da aka yanke bisa manyan tsare-tsare kan aikin layin dogo na uku ya kuma ba da wata dama ta musamman ga raya wutar lantarki a yammacin kasar Sin. A cikin wannan lokaci, an fara aiki da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki guda 40 da suka hada da Liujiaxia na lardin Gansu da Gongzui da ke lardin Sichuan don samar da wutar lantarki. Wurin da aka girka na tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Liujiaxia ya kai kilowatt miliyan 1.225, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tashar wutar lantarki ta farko a kasar Sin mai karfin ikon sama da kW miliyan daya. A wannan lokacin, an gina tashar wutar lantarki ta farko ta kasar Sin, wato Gangnan, Hebei. A lokaci guda kuma, an fara ko kuma ci gaba da ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki manya da matsakaita 53 a cikin wannan lokaci. A shekarar 1970, an fara aikin Gezhouba mai karfin kilowatt miliyan 2.715, wanda ke nuna mafarin gina tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki a babban kogin Yangtze.
Bayan kammala "juyin al'adu", musamman bayan kammala cikakken zama na uku na kwamitin tsakiya na 11, masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta kasar Sin ta sake shiga wani mataki na samun ci gaba cikin sauri. Ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki da dama kamar Gezhouba, Wujiangdu, da Baishan sun kara kaimi, kuma a hukumance an fara aikin tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Longyangxia mai karfin 320000 kW. Bayan haka, a cikin iskar gyare-gyare da bude kofa ga bazara, tsarin aikin samar da wutar lantarki na kasar Sin ma yana ci gaba da sauyawa da sabbin abubuwa, yana nuna matukar kuzari. A cikin wannan lokacin, tashoshin wutar lantarkin da aka yi amfani da su sun kuma sami ci gaba mai ma'ana, inda aka fara aikin famfo da ajiya na farko a Panjiakou, Hebei, da Guangzhou; Kana ana ci gaba da bunkasa kananan wutar lantarki, tare da aiwatar da kashin farko na kananan hukumomi 300 na samar da wutar lantarki a yankunan karkara; A fannin samar da wutar lantarki mai girma, gina manyan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki da dama, irin su Tianshengqiao Class II mai karfin karfin kilowa miliyan 1.32, Guangxi Yantan mai karfin kilowa miliyan 1.21, Yunnan Manwan mai karfin kilowa miliyan 1.5, da tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Lijiaxia mai karfin kW miliyan biyu. A sa'i daya kuma, an shirya kwararrun masana cikin gida don baje kolin batutuwa 14 na tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta kwazazzabai uku, kuma an sanya aikin gina kwazazzabai uku a cikin ajanda.
A cikin shekaru goma da suka wuce na karni na 20, aikin samar da wutar lantarki na kasar Sin ya samu ci gaba cikin sauri. A watan Satumba na shekarar 1991, an fara aikin gina tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Ertan a birnin Panzhihua na kasar Sichuan. Bayan muhawara da shirye-shirye da yawa, a cikin Disamba 1994, babban aikin tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Gorges Uku a hukumance ya fara. Dangane da tasoshin wutar lantarkin da aka yi amfani da su, an kuma fara aikin kaburburan Ming na Beijing (800000kW), da Tianhuangping na Zhejiang (1800000kW), da na Guangzhou da aka yi amfani da makamashin wutar lantarki na II (12000000kW) a jere; Ta fuskar kananan wutar lantarki, an aiwatar da aikin gina kaso na biyu da na uku na kananan hukumomin samar da wutar lantarki a yankunan karkara. A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, karfin da aka girka na samar da wutar lantarki a kasar Sin ya karu da kW miliyan 38.39.
A cikin shekaru goma na farko na karni na 21, akwai manyan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki guda 35 da ake ginawa, wadanda adadinsu ya kai kusan kW miliyan 70, ciki har da manyan manyan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki kamar na Uku Gorges Project mai karfin kW miliyan 22.4 da kuma na Xiluodu mai karfin kW miliyan 12.6. A cikin wannan lokacin, an sanya matsakaicin fiye da 10 kW a kowace shekara. Shekarar da ta fi tarihi ita ce shekarar 2008, lokacin da rukunin karshe na tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta bankin dama ta uku a hukumance aka hade shi da grid don samar da wutar lantarki, kuma an fara aiki da dukkan sassan guda 26 na tashoshin wutar lantarki na bankin uku na hagu da dama.
Tun daga shekaru goma na biyu na karni na 21, an ci gaba da samar da manyan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki da ke bakin kogin Jinsha da ci gaba da aiki don samar da wutar lantarki. An sanya tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Xiluodu mai karfin karfin kilowa miliyan 12.6, Xiangjiaba mai karfin kilowa miliyan 6.4, tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Baihetan mai karfin yuan miliyan 12, tashar Wudongde mai karfin yuan miliyan 10.2, da sauran manyan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki. Daga cikin su, rukunin guda daya da aka sanya karfin tashar ruwa ta Baihetan ya kai kW miliyan 1, wanda ya kai matsayi mafi girma a duniya. Dangane da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki, ya zuwa shekarar 2022, akwai tashohin wutar lantarki 70 da ake ginawa a yankin da ake gudanar da aikin na gwamnatin kasar Sin, mai karfin kilowatt miliyan 85.24, wanda ya ninka sau 3.2 da sau 4.1 na shekarar 2012, bi da bi. Daga cikin su, tashar Hebei Fengning Pumped Storage Power, ita ce tashar wutar lantarki mafi girma a duniya da aka girka ma'ajiyar wutar lantarki, tare da karfin da aka girka na kilowatt miliyan 3.6.
Tare da ci gaba da inganta manufar "carbon dual carbon" da ci gaba da karfafa kiyaye muhalli, ci gaban wutar lantarki na kasar Sin yana fuskantar wasu sabbin yanayi. Na farko, kananan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki da ke cikin wuraren da aka karewa za su ci gaba da janyewa da rufewa, na biyu kuma, adadin makamashin hasken rana da na iska a cikin sabbin karfin da aka girka zai ci gaba da karuwa, kuma adadin wutar lantarkin zai ragu; A karshe, za mu mai da hankali kan gina katafaren ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki, kuma za a ci gaba da karuwa a fannin kimiyya da ingancin ayyukan gine-gine.