Kwanan nan, gwamnatin Switzerland ta tsara sabuwar manufa. Idan matsalar makamashi ta tsananta a yanzu, Switzerland za ta haramta tuƙa motocin lantarki don tafiye-tafiye "marasa amfani".
Bayanai masu dacewa sun nuna cewa kusan kashi 60% na makamashin Switzerland yana fitowa ne daga tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa da kuma kashi 30% daga makamashin nukiliya. Duk da haka, gwamnati ta yi alƙawarin kawar da makamashin nukiliyarta, yayin da sauran kuma suka fito ne daga gonakin iska da man fetur na gargajiya. Kididdiga ta nuna cewa Switzerland tana samar da isasshen makamashi kowace shekara don kula da hasken rana, amma sauyin yanayi na yanayi zai haifar da yanayi mara tabbas.
Ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara a cikin watanni masu dumi na iya kiyaye matakin ruwan kogin da kuma samar da albarkatun da ake buƙata don samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa. Duk da haka, matakin ruwan tafkuna da koguna a cikin watanni masu sanyi da kuma bazara mai bushewar Turai ya ragu, wanda ya haifar da ƙarancin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa, don haka dole ne Switzerland ta dogara da shigo da makamashi daga ƙasashen waje.
A baya, Switzerland ta shigo da wutar lantarki daga Faransa da Jamus don biyan dukkan buƙatun wutar lantarki, amma a wannan shekarar lamarin ya canza, kuma samar da makamashi ga ƙasashe maƙwabta shi ma yana da yawan aiki.
Faransa ta kasance mai fitar da wutar lantarki mai yawa tsawon shekaru da dama, amma a rabin farko na shekarar 2022, makamashin nukiliya na Faransa ya fuskanci koma-baya akai-akai. A halin yanzu, samuwar na'urorin makamashin nukiliya na Faransa ya ɗan fi 50%, wanda hakan ya sa Faransa ta zama mai shigo da wutar lantarki a karon farko. Haka kuma saboda raguwar samar da wutar lantarki, Faransa na iya fuskantar barazanar gazawar wutar lantarki a wannan hunturu. Tun da farko, kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Faransa ya ce zai rage amfani da wutar lantarki da kashi 1% zuwa 5% a ƙarƙashin yanayi na asali, kuma a mafi yawan kashi 15% a ƙarƙashin mafi munin yanayi. A cewar sabbin bayanai game da samar da wutar lantarki da gidan talabijin na BFM na Faransa ya bayyana a ranar 2 ga wata, kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Faransa ya fara tsara takamaiman tsarin katse wutar lantarki. Yankunan katse wutar lantarki suna ko'ina a ƙasar, kuma kowane iyali yana da katsewar wutar lantarki har zuwa sa'o'i biyu a rana, kuma sau ɗaya kawai a rana.
Haka lamarin yake a Jamus. Idan aka yi la'akari da asarar bututun iskar gas na Rasha, dole ne kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki na gwamnati su fuskanci matsala.
Tun daga watan Yunin wannan shekarar, Elcom, Hukumar Kula da Wutar Lantarki ta Tarayya ta Switzerland, ta ce saboda raguwar samar da wutar lantarki ta nukiliya ta Faransa da kuma fitar da wutar lantarki daga waje, shigo da wutar lantarki daga Switzerland daga Faransa a wannan hunturu na iya zama ƙasa da na shekarun baya, wanda hakan ba ya kawar da matsalar rashin isasshen wutar lantarki.
A cewar labarin, Switzerland na iya buƙatar shigo da wutar lantarki daga Jamus, Austria da sauran ƙasashe maƙwabta na Italiya. Duk da haka, a cewar Elcom, samuwar fitar da wutar lantarki daga waɗannan ƙasashe ya dogara ne da yawan man fetur da ake samu daga iskar gas.
Yaya girman gibin wutar lantarki yake a Switzerland? A cewar rahotannin kafofin watsa labarai na ƙasashen waje, Switzerland tana da buƙatar shigo da wutar lantarki kusan 4GWh a wannan hunturu. Me zai hana a zaɓi wuraren adana makamashin lantarki? Farashi muhimmin dalili ne. Abin da Turai ta rasa shi ne fasahar adana makamashi na yanayi da na dogon lokaci. A halin yanzu, ajiyar makamashi na dogon lokaci ba a shahara da shi ba kuma ana amfani da shi a babban sikelin.
A cewar wani bincike da Elcom ta gudanar kan masu samar da wutar lantarki 613 na Switzerland, ana sa ran yawancin masu aiki za su ƙara kuɗin wutar lantarki da kusan kashi 47%, wanda ke nufin cewa farashin wutar lantarki na gida zai ƙaru da kusan kashi 20%. Ƙaruwar farashin iskar gas, kwal da carbon, da kuma raguwar samar da wutar lantarki ta Faransa, duk sun taimaka wajen hauhawar farashin wutar lantarki a Switzerland.
A bisa sabon matakin farashin wutar lantarki na Yuro 183.97/MWh (kimanin yuan 1.36/kWh) a Switzerland, farashin kasuwa na wutar lantarki ta 4GWh ya kai akalla Yuro 735900, kimanin Yuan miliyan 5.44. Idan mafi girman farashin wutar lantarki a watan Agusta shine Yuro 488.14/MWh (kimanin Yuan 3.61/kWh), farashin da ya dace da 4GWh shine kusan Yuan miliyan 14.4348.
Haramcin amfani da wutar lantarki! Haramcin amfani da motocin lantarki ba dole ba
Wasu kafafen yada labarai sun ruwaito cewa domin magance matsalar karancin wutar lantarki da kuma tabbatar da tsaron makamashi a wannan hunturu, Majalisar Tarayyar Switzerland a halin yanzu tana tsara wani daftarin da zai gabatar da dokoki kan "takurawa da hana amfani da wutar lantarki don tabbatar da samar da wutar lantarki ta kasa", da kuma fayyace tsarin aiki na matakai hudu kan guje wa katsewar wutar lantarki, da kuma aiwatar da haramci daban-daban idan rikice-rikice na matakai daban-daban suka faru.
Duk da haka, ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci yana da alaƙa da haramcin tuƙa motocin lantarki a mataki na uku. Takardar ta buƙaci "ana ba da izinin amfani da motocin lantarki masu zaman kansu don tafiye-tafiye masu mahimmanci kawai (kamar buƙatun ƙwararru, siyayya, ganin likita, halartar ayyukan addini, da halartar alƙawuran kotu)."
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, matsakaicin adadin tallace-tallace na motocin Switzerland ya kai kusan 300,000 a kowace shekara, kuma adadin motocin lantarki yana ƙaruwa. A shekarar 2021, an ƙara sabbin motocin lantarki 31823 da aka yi wa rijista a Switzerland, kuma adadin sabbin motocin lantarki a Switzerland daga Janairu zuwa Agusta 2022 ya kai 25%. Duk da haka, saboda rashin isasshen guntu da matsalolin samar da wutar lantarki, karuwar motocin lantarki a Switzerland a wannan shekarar ba ta yi kyau kamar yadda take a shekarun baya ba.
Switzerland na shirin rage amfani da wutar lantarki a birane ta hanyar hana cajin motocin lantarki a wasu lokuta. Wannan wani sabon tsari ne amma mai tsauri, wanda ke ƙara nuna tsananin ƙarancin wutar lantarki a Turai. Wannan yana nufin cewa Switzerland na iya zama ƙasa ta farko a duniya da ta haramta motocin lantarki. Duk da haka, wannan ƙa'ida kuma abin mamaki ce, domin a halin yanzu, sufuri na duniya yana canzawa daga motocin mai zuwa motocin lantarki don rage dogaro da man fetur da kuma cimma canjin makamashi mai tsabta.
Idan aka haɗa da yawan motocin lantarki da layin wutar lantarki, hakan na iya ƙara haɗarin rashin isasshen wutar lantarki da kuma kawo ƙalubale ga tsarin wutar lantarki mai dorewa. Duk da haka, a cewar ra'ayin ƙwararru a masana'antar, motocin lantarki da za a haɓaka a babban mataki a nan gaba za a iya amfani da su a matsayin wuraren adana makamashi kuma a kira su gaba ɗaya don shiga cikin aski mai ƙarfi da cike gurɓataccen layin wutar lantarki. Masu motoci za su iya caji lokacin da yawan wutar lantarki ya yi ƙasa. Za su iya mayar da wutar lantarki zuwa layin wutar lantarki a lokacin mafi girman lokacin amfani da wutar lantarki, ko ma lokacin da wutar ta yi ƙasa. Wannan yana rage matsin lambar wutar lantarki, yana tabbatar da aminci da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin wutar lantarki, kuma yana inganta ingancin tsarin makamashi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-12-2022
