Makamashi muhimmin yanki ne na tsaka tsaki na carbon a cikin Kololuwar Carbon. A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, tun lokacin da babban magatakardar MDD Xi Jinping ya gabatar da wata babbar sanarwa kan rashin kau da kai a kololuwar iskar carbon, dukkanin sassan da abin ya shafa a yankuna daban-daban sun yi nazari sosai tare da aiwatar da muhimman jawabai da umarnin babban magatakardar Xi Jinping, da aiwatar da shawarwari da tura kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar kwaminis ta kasar Sin da majalissar gudanarwar majalisar gudanarwar kasar Sin, da aikin ba da kariya ga makamashin carbon a kololuwar yanayin makamashin carbon bisa ga tsarin samar da makamashi mai inganci. ci gaba da ingantawa cikin tsari, kuma an samu gagarumin sakamako.
1. Haɓaka haɓakawa da amfani da makamashin da ba na burbushin halittu ba
(1) Sabon makamashi ya kiyaye saurin girma. Ƙirƙira da aiwatar da tsare-tsare da tsararru don manyan wuraren samar da wutar lantarki na iska da ke mai da hankali kan hamada, Gobi, da yankunan hamada. Jimillar ma'aunin da aka tsara ya kai kilowatt miliyan 450. A halin yanzu dai an fara aikin kashin farko na ayyukan gini mai karfin kilowatt miliyan 95, sannan an fitar da jerin jerin ayyuka na biyu. Ci gaba da aikin farko da tsarawa da tsara tsari na uku na ayyukan tushe. Ci gaba da haɓaka aikin matukin jirgi na haɓaka haɓakar hoto da aka rarraba akan rufin duk gundumar. Ya zuwa karshen watan Yuni na wannan shekara, adadin yawan rajistar aikin gwaji na kasa ya kai kilowatt miliyan 66.15. A bisa tsari inganta ginin sansanonin samar da wutar lantarki a teku a yankin Shandong Peninsula, Kogin Yangtze Delta, kudancin Fujian, gabashin Guangdong, da Tekun Beibu. Tun daga shekarar 2020, karfin da aka shigar na sabon karin wutar lantarki da hasken rana ya zarce kilowatt miliyan 100 na tsawon shekaru biyu a jere, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 60% na sabbin karfin samar da wutar lantarki a shekarar. Ci gaba da ci gaban samar da wutar lantarki, ya zuwa karshen watan Yuli na wannan shekara, karfin samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin kilowatt miliyan 39.67. Yi aiki tare da sassan da suka dace don yin bincike na rayayye da tallafawa haɓakar makamashin geothermal da albarkatun ruwa marasa abinci. Haɓaka samar da gwajin masana'antu na masana'antu na farko na cikin gida mai zaman kansa na man fetur ethanol zanga-zangar tare da fitowar tan 30,000 na shekara-shekara. An fitar da Matsakaici da Tsari na Dogon Haɓaka Masana'antar Makamashi ta Hydrogen (2021-2035). A cikin 2021, samar da wutar lantarki na shekara-shekara na sabon makamashi zai wuce tiriliyan 1 kWh a karon farko.
(2) Gina ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa na yau da kullun an ci gaba. Haɓaka bunƙasa samar da wutar lantarki da kare muhalli, da kuma himmatu wajen inganta shirin samar da wutar lantarki da gina manyan ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki a mahimmin magudanan ruwa kamar su saman kogin Jinsha, tsakiyar tsakiyar kogin Yalong, da saman kogin Yellow River. Tashar wutar lantarki ta Wudongde da Lianghekou ta fara aiki gaba daya. An kammala aikin tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Baihetan tare da fara aiki da raka'a 10 kafin karshen watan Agustan bana. An amince da aikin tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Kogin Jinsha don gina shi a farkon watan Yuni na wannan shekara. Daga shekarar 2021 zuwa watan Yuni na wannan shekara, an fara aikin samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin kilowatt miliyan 6. Ya zuwa karshen watan Yuni na wannan shekara, aikin samar da wutar lantarki na kasa ya kai kusan kilowatt miliyan 360, karuwar kusan kilowatt miliyan 20 a shekarar 2020, kuma kusan kashi 50% na shirin kara kilowatts miliyan 40 a lokacin “Shirin shekaru biyar na 14” an kammala.
(3) Ƙarfin Nukiliya yana kula da ci gaba da aikin gini. A cikin tsari da tsari yana haɓaka aikin samar da makamashin nukiliya ƙarƙashin tushen tabbatar da aminci. Hualong No. 1, Guohe No. 1 zanga-zanga aikin, high zafin jiki gas-sanyaya reactor aikin zanga-zanga da sauran ayyukan da ake gina a karkashin premision na tabbatar da inganci. A cikin Janairun 2021, Fuqing No. 5, tari na farko na Hualong No. 1, an kammala kuma aka fara aiki. Ya zuwa watan Yuli na wannan shekara, kasata tana da na'urori masu sarrafa makamashin nukiliya 77 da ke aiki kuma ana kan gina su, wadanda ke da karfin ikon kilowatt miliyan 83.35.
An sami ci gaba mai kyau a cikin tsabta da ingantaccen haɓakawa da amfani da makamashin burbushin halittu
(1) Tsaftace da ingantaccen haɓakawa da amfani da kwal yana ci gaba da zurfafawa. Ba da cikakken wasa ga rawar da makamashin kwal da kwal ke bayarwa wajen tallafawa da tabbatar da canjin kore da ƙarancin carbon na kuzari. Ci gaba da yin aiki mai kyau a cikin "wasan dambe" na haɓaka samar da kwal da kuma tabbatar da wadata, aiwatar da tsarin kare lafiyar kwal da tsarin samar da kayan aiki, tabbatar da manufar garantin samar da kwal, ƙarfafa tsarin samar da kwal na ƙasa, da kuma ci gaba da sakewa da ci gaba da samar da damar samar da makamashi mai kyau da kuma ci gaba da haɓaka samar da kwal. Bincika da haɓaka nunin matukin jirgi na rabe-rabe da amfani da ƙarancin darajar kwal. Cikakkun matsa lamba mafi girman ƙarfin fitarwa na ƙarfin gawayi. A hankali da tsari yana haɓaka kawar da ƙarfin samar da baya a cikin masana'antar wutar lantarki. A shekarar 2021, wutar lantarkin da ake amfani da gawayi zai kai kasa da kashi 50% na karfin da aka girka, zai samar da kashi 60 cikin 100 na wutar lantarkin kasar, sannan za ta gudanar da kashi 70% na ayyukan koli. Gabaɗaya aiwatar da "hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa guda uku" na ceton makamashin kwal da rage carbon, sassauci da canjin dumama. A cikin 2021, an kammala canjin kilowatts miliyan 240. An kafa tushe mai kyau don burin.
(2) Ana ci gaba da haɓaka ingantaccen haɓakar mai da iskar gas. Ci gaba da inganta shirin aikin hako mai da iskar gas na shekaru bakwai na hako mai da hakowa, tare da kara karfi da kuzarin hako mai da iskar gas. A shekarar 2021, yawan danyen mai zai kai ton miliyan 199, wanda ya daidaita da sake farfado da shi har tsawon shekaru uku a jere, sannan samar da iskar gas zai kai mita biliyan 207.6, tare da karuwar sama da murabba'in cubic biliyan 10 a shekaru biyar a jere. Haɓaka babban haɓakar albarkatun mai da iskar gas da ba na al'ada ba. A shekarar 2021, yawan man da ake fitarwa zai kai ton miliyan 2.4, yawan iskar gas zai kai mita biliyan 23, sannan yin amfani da methane mai kwal zai kasance mita biliyan 7.7, wanda zai ci gaba da samun ci gaba mai kyau. Haɓaka aikin samar da albarkatun mai da iskar gas, haɓaka aikin gina bututun mai da iskar gas da manyan ayyukan haɗin gwiwa, da ƙara haɓaka "cibiyar sadarwa ta ƙasa ɗaya". An inganta ƙarfin ajiyar iskar gas cikin sauri, kuma ma'aunin ajiyar iskar gas ya ninka fiye da shekaru uku. Haɓaka ƙaƙƙarfan aiwatar da ingantaccen ingantaccen ingancin mai, da kuma ba da tabbacin samar da man fetur da dizal waɗanda suka dace da matakan ƙasa na wajibi na mataki na shida. Amfanin mai da iskar gas zai kiyaye ingantaccen ci gaba, kuma amfani da mai da iskar gas zai kai kusan kashi 27.4% na yawan amfani da makamashi na farko a shekarar 2021.
(3) Haɓaka aiwatar da canji mai tsabta na makamashin amfani da ƙarshen. An gabatar da manufofi irin su "Ra'ayoyin Jagora kan Ci gaba da Ci gaba da Sauya Makamashin Wutar Lantarki" don inganta ci gaba da inganta wutar lantarki a muhimman wurare kamar masana'antu, sufuri, gine-gine, noma da yankunan karkara. Zurfafa inganta dumama mai tsabta a yankin arewa. A ƙarshen 2021, yankin dumama mai tsabta zai kai mita biliyan 15.6, tare da tsaftataccen dumama na 73.6%, wanda ya zarce shirin da aka tsara, da kuma maye gurbin fiye da tan miliyan 150 na kwal mai laushi a cikin duka, wanda zai taimaka wajen rage yawan PM2.5 da kuma inganta ingancin iska Yawan gudunmawar ya fi kashi ɗaya bisa uku. Haɓaka gina kayan aikin cajin abin hawa lantarki. Ya zuwa watan Yuli na wannan shekara, an gina jimillar guda miliyan 3.98, wadanda za su iya biyan bukatun bunkasar motocin lantarki. An gudanar da zanga-zangar cikakken amfani da makamashin nukiliya. Jimillar dumama yankin kashi na farko da na biyu na aikin dumama makamashin nukiliya a birnin Haiyang na lardin Shandong ya zarce murabba'in murabba'in miliyan 5, tare da fahimtar "cikakkun bayanai" na dumama makamashin nukiliya a birnin Haiyang. An fara aikin dumama makamashin nukiliya na Zhejiang Qinshan a hukumance, wanda ya zama aikin dumama makamashin nukiliya na farko a yankin kudu.
Ci gaba akai-akai a cikin gina sabbin tsarin wutar lantarki guda uku
(1) An haɓaka ƙarfin rarraba albarkatun wutar lantarki a faɗin larduna. Kammala kuma sanya aiki a Yazhong-Jiangxi, Arewacin Shaanxi-Wuhan, Baihetan-Jiangsu UHV DC da sauran tashoshi na watsa wutar lantarki tsakanin larduna, haɓaka ayyukan Baihetan-Zhejiang, Fujian-Guangdong haɗin gwiwar ayyukan DC, da Nanyang-Jingmen-Changsha, Zhumadian da sauran tashar watsa shirye-shirye-W. Gina ayyukan UHV AC a larduna da yankuna suna haɓaka tashoshi na watsa wutar lantarki na "AC uku da tara kai tsaye". Haɗawa da haɓaka haɗin haɗin rukunin farko na manyan ayyuka na tushen wutar lantarki na iska zuwa grid. A karshen shekarar 2021, karfin watsa wutar lantarki daga yamma zuwa gabas zai kai kilowatt miliyan 290, karuwar kilowatt miliyan 20 idan aka kwatanta da karshen shekarar 2020.
(2) Ƙimar daidaitawa mai sauƙi na tsarin wutar lantarki ya inganta sosai. Haɓaka canjin sassauƙa na sassan wutar lantarki. A karshen 2021, aiwatar da sauyi na sassauci zai wuce kilowatt miliyan 100. Ƙirƙiri da kuma ba da Tsarin Ci gaba na Matsakaici da Tsawon Tsawon Lokaci don Ma'ajiyar Ruwa (2021-2035), inganta tsara shirye-shiryen aiwatarwa ta larduna da kuma amincewa da shirin aikin "Shirin Shekaru Biyar na 14", da kuma hanzarta gina ayyukan da ke da alaƙar muhalli, suna da yanayin balagagge, kuma suna da kyawawan alamu. Ya zuwa karshen watan Yuni na wannan shekarar, karfin da aka girka na ajiyar famfo ya kai kilowatt miliyan 42. "Shirin shekaru biyar na 14" sabon shirin aiwatar da ayyukan raya makamashin makamashi an ba da shi don haɓaka haɓakawa, haɓaka masana'antu, da haɓaka manyan sabbin hanyoyin adana makamashi. A karshen 2021, ikon shigar da sabbin makamashin makamashi zai wuce kilowatt miliyan 4. Haɓaka haɓakar ginin ingantattun ayyukan wutar lantarki. A karshen watan Yuni na wannan shekara, shigar da karfin samar da iskar gas ya kai kilowatts miliyan 110, karuwar kusan kilowatt miliyan 10 idan aka kwatanta da 2020. Jagorar duk yankuna don yin aiki mai kyau a cikin martanin bukatu don rage yawan buƙatun buƙatun yadda ya kamata.
Tabbatattun tallafi na canjin makamashi na ci gaba da ƙarfafawa
(1) Haɓaka ci gaban fasahar fasahar makamashi. Yawancin manyan sabbin fasahohin kimiyya da fasaha sun sami sabbin ci gaba, ƙwararrun fasahar makamashin nukiliya ta ƙarni na uku masu zaman kansu, sun gina rukunin wutar lantarki mai nauyin kilowatt miliyan ɗaya tare da mafi girman ƙarfin raka'a guda ɗaya a duniya, kuma sun sabunta rikodin duniya don ingantaccen canjin tantanin halitta na hotovoltaic sau da yawa. An sami sabon ci gaba a cikin R&D da aikace-aikacen sabbin fasahohin makamashi kamar ajiyar makamashi da makamashin hydrogen. Inganta tsarin haɓakawa, tsarawa da fitar da "Shirin Shekaru Biyar na 14 don Ilimin Kimiyya da Fasahar Fasaha a cikin Filin Makamashi", sake duba hanyoyin kimantawa da kimantawa na farko (saitin) na manyan kayan aikin fasaha a fagen makamashi, da tsara ƙaddamar da rukunin farko na R & D na makamashi na ƙasa da dandamali na ƙirƙira a lokacin "Shirin Zaɓin Year 14".
(2) Ana ci gaba da zurfafa yin gyare-gyaren tsarin makamashi da tsarin. An fitar da aiwatar da "Ra'ayoyin Jagorori kan Gaggauta Gina Tsarin Kasuwar Wutar Lantarki na Kasa". Amsa ga shirin aiwatarwa na gina kasuwar wutar lantarki ta yankin kudu. An inganta aikin ginin kasuwar tabo da wutar lantarki a kai a kai, kuma rukunin farko na wuraren gwajin wutar lantarki guda shida ciki har da Shanxi sun gudanar da aikin gwajin sulhu ba tare da katsewa ba. A farkon rabin shekarar bana, wutar lantarkin da ake yi a kasuwannin kasar nan ya kai tiriliyan 2.5 kWh, wanda ya kai kashi 45.8% a duk shekara, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 61% na yawan wutar da al’umma ke amfani da su. Ƙaddamar da sake fasalin ikon mallakar gauraye masu gauraye a fagen sabbin makamashi, bincike da tantance manyan ayyuka masu yawa. Haɓaka haɓakar farashin kwal, farashin wutar lantarki, da injin samar da farashin ajiya mai ɗorewa, ba da sassaucin ra'ayi kan farashin wutar lantarki, soke kasidar tallace-tallace na masana'antu da kasuwanci, da haɓaka masu amfani da masana'antu da kasuwanci don shiga kasuwa. Haɓaka ƙira da sake fasalin Dokar Makamashi, Dokar Kwal da Dokar Wutar Lantarki.
(3) An ƙara inganta garantin manufofin canjin makamashi. An ba da kuma aiwatar da "Shirin Aiwatarwa don Haɓaka Makamashi Green da Canjin Carbon Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙira", "Ra'ayoyin Inganta Tsarin, Makanikai, da Ma'auni na Manufofin Makamashi na Green da Ƙananan Canjin Carbon" da Tsarin Aiwatar da Tsarin Carbon a cikin Coal, Man Fetur da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru, Haɓaka Sabon Makamashi a cikin Sabon Zamani", bisa tsari yana haɓaka canjin kore da ƙarancin carbon na makamashi, kuma yana samar da tsarin haɗin gwiwar siyasa, ƙarfafa bincike kan batutuwa masu mahimmanci da masu wahala, da tsara ƙungiyoyi masu dacewa don gudanar da bincike mai zurfi kan hanyoyin canjin makamashi.
A mataki na gaba, hukumar raya kasa da yin gyare-gyare ta kasar, da hukumar kula da makamashi ta kasar, za su aiwatar da ruhin babban taron wakilan jam'iyyar kwaminis ta kasar Sin karo na 20, da ci gaba da inganta "Ra'ayoyi kan aiwatar da sabuwar manufar raya kasa gaba daya, da yin kyakkyawan aiki na samar da makamashin carbon Peak Carbon Nutrency" da "Ayyuka na 2030 na aiwatar da ayyukan da suka dace" A cikin shekara mai zuwa za ta inganta aiwatar da jerin tsare-tsare don kololuwar carbon a cikin sashin makamashi, ci gaba daga ainihin yanayin ƙasar, dole ne mu bi ka'idar sanya kafa farko, kafa kafin watsewa, da kuma tsarin gabaɗaya, rayayye da tsari da haɓaka makamashin kore da ƙananan canjin carbon a kan tabbatar da samar da makamashin makamashi, da haɓaka tsarin samar da makamashi, da haɓaka tsarin samar da makamashi, da samar da makamashi mai ƙarfi. Haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tare da sabon makamashi, ƙarfafa ƙirƙira fasahar makamashi da tsarin da tsarin gyarawa, da samar da kore, ƙarancin carbon, amintaccen ƙarfin kuzari don cimma burin tsaka tsakin carbon a kololuwar carbon kamar yadda aka tsara.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-06-2022
