Injin turbine na ruwa shine na'ura da ke juyar da yuwuwar makamashin ruwa zuwa makamashin injina. Yin amfani da wannan na'ura don fitar da janareta, ana iya canza makamashin ruwa zuwa
Wutar Lantarki Wannan shine saitin janareta na ruwa.
Za a iya raba turbines na zamani na na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa zuwa kashi biyu bisa ga ka'idar kwararar ruwa da halaye na tsari.
Wani nau'in injin turbin da ke amfani da makamashin motsa jiki da makamashin ruwa ana kiransa turbine mai tasiri.
Kisan kai hari
Ruwan da aka zana daga tafki na sama ya fara gudana zuwa ɗakin jujjuyawar ruwa (volute), sannan kuma yana gudana cikin tashar mai lanƙwasa na ruwan gudu ta hanyar vane jagora.
Ruwan ruwa yana haifar da karfin amsawa akan ruwan wukake, wanda ke sa mai kunnawa ya juya. A wannan lokacin, makamashin ruwa yana canzawa zuwa makamashin injina, kuma ruwan da ke gudana daga mai gudu yana fitar da shi ta hanyar daftarin bututu.
A ƙasa.
Tasirin injin turbine yafi ya haɗa da kwararar Francis, kwararar oblique da kwararar axial. Babban bambanci shine tsarin mai gudu ya bambanta.
(1) Mai gudu Francis gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi 12-20 streamlined Twisted ruwan wukake da manyan abubuwa kamar rawanin dabaran da ƙananan zobe.
Inflow da axial outflow, irin wannan turbine yana da fadi da kewayon zartar da shugabannin ruwa, ƙananan ƙaranci da ƙananan farashi, kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin manyan ruwa.
An raba kwararar axial zuwa nau'in propeller da nau'in juyawa. Na farko yana da tsayayyen ruwa, yayin da na ƙarshe yana da ruwa mai juyawa. Mai gudu na Axial gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi ruwan wukake 3-8, jikin mai gudu, mazugi na magudanar ruwa da sauran manyan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Ƙarfin wucewar ruwa na irin wannan turbine ya fi girma fiye da na Francis. Don injin turbin. Saboda ruwan wukake na iya canza matsayinsa tare da kaya, yana da babban inganci a cikin kewayon babban canjin kaya. Ayyukan anti-cavitation da ƙarfin injin turbine sun fi muni fiye da na turbine mai haɗuwa, kuma tsarin ya fi rikitarwa. Gabaɗaya, ya dace da ƙananan ruwa da matsakaicin kewayon 10.
(2) Ayyukan ɗakin jujjuyawar ruwa shine sanya ruwa ya gudana daidai a cikin hanyar jagorancin ruwa, rage asarar makamashi na hanyar jagorancin ruwa, da kuma inganta motsin ruwa.
ingancin inji. Don manyan turbines masu girma da matsakaici tare da kan ruwa a sama, ana amfani da ƙarar ƙarfe tare da sashin madauwari sau da yawa.
(3) Tsarin jagorar ruwa gabaɗaya ana shirya shi daidai da mai gudu, tare da takamaiman adadin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun jagora da hanyoyin juyawarsu, da sauransu.
Ayyukan abun da ke ciki shine jagorantar ruwa zuwa cikin mai gudu daidai, kuma ta hanyar daidaita buɗewar buɗaɗɗen jagora, don canza zubar da turbin don dacewa da
Abubuwan da ake buƙata na daidaitawar nauyin janareta da canji kuma na iya taka rawar rufe ruwa lokacin da aka rufe su duka.
(4) Draft pipe: Tun da ba a yi amfani da wasu makamashin da ke cikin ruwa a mashigin mai gudu ba, aikin daftarin bututun shine dawo da
Wani ɓangare na makamashi kuma yana zubar da ruwa a ƙasa. Ƙananan turbines gabaɗaya suna amfani da bututun mazugi kai tsaye, waɗanda ke da inganci sosai, amma manyan turbines masu girma da matsakaici.
Ba za a iya haƙa bututun ruwa mai zurfi ba, don haka ana amfani da bututun daftarin gwiwar hannu.
Bugu da ƙari, akwai turbines na tubular, turbines masu gudana, turbines mai juyawa, da dai sauransu a cikin tasirin turbine.
Tasirin injin turbin:
Irin wannan turbine yana amfani da tasirin tasirin ruwa mai saurin gudu don jujjuya turbin, kuma mafi yawanci shine nau'in guga.
Ana amfani da injin turbin bokiti gabaɗaya a cikin manyan injinan wutar lantarki na sama. Abubuwan da ke aiki da shi sun haɗa da magudanar ruwa, nozzles da sprays.
Allura, dabaran ruwa da volute, da dai sauransu, an sanye su da ɗumbin bututun ruwa masu kauri mai siffar cokali a gefen wajen motar ruwa. Ingancin wannan injin turbin ya bambanta da kaya
Canjin yana da ƙananan, amma ƙarfin wucewar ruwa yana iyakance ta hanyar bututun ƙarfe, wanda ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da radial axial flow. Domin inganta ƙarfin wucewar ruwa, ƙara yawan fitarwa da
Don inganta ingantacciyar aiki, an canza turbine mai girman guga na ruwa daga madaidaicin axis zuwa axis na tsaye, kuma an haɓaka shi daga bututun ƙarfe guda ɗaya zuwa bututun mai da yawa.
3. Gabatarwa ga tsarin injin turbine
Bangaren da aka binne, da suka hada da volute, zoben wurin zama, daftarin bututu, da dai sauransu, duk an binne su a cikin ginin siminti. Yana daga cikin karkatar da ruwa da kwararowar sassan sashin.
Ƙarfafawa
An raba juzu'in zuwa juzu'in siminti da juzu'in ƙarfe. Raka'a tare da kan ruwa tsakanin mita 40 galibi suna amfani da siminti. Don injin turbin da ke da kan ruwa sama da mita 40, ana amfani da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfe gabaɗaya saboda buƙatar ƙarfi. Ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga babban ƙarfi, dace aiki, sauki farar hula gini da kuma sauki dangane da ruwa karkatar da penstock na ikon tashar.
Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙarfe guda biyu, walda da simintin gyare-gyare.
Don manyan injina masu tasiri masu girma da matsakaici tare da shugaban ruwa na kimanin mita 40-200, ana amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan welded na karfe. Don dacewa da walda, ana rarraba volute sau da yawa zuwa sassa daban-daban na conical, kowane sashe yana da madauwari, kuma sashin wutsiya na volute ya kasance saboda Sashin ya zama karami, kuma an canza shi zuwa siffar m don waldawa tare da zoben wurin zama. Kowane juzu'in juzu'i ana yin nadi ne ta injin mirgina farantin.
A cikin ƙananan injin turbin na Francis, ana amfani da ƙarar ƙarfe da aka jefa gaba ɗaya. Don manyan injin injina masu girma da girma, yawanci ana amfani da simintin ƙarfe na simintin gyare-gyare, kuma ana jefa ƙarar da zoben wurin zama cikin ɗaya.
Mafi ƙasƙanci na ƙasƙanci yana sanye da magudanar ruwa don zubar da ruwan da aka tara yayin kiyayewa.
Zoben wurin zama
Zoben wurin zama shine ainihin ɓangaren turbin tasiri. Baya ga ɗaukar matsi na ruwa, yana ɗaukar nauyin duka naúrar da simintin sashin sashin, don haka yana buƙatar isasshen ƙarfi da tsauri. Tsarin asali na zoben wurin zama ya ƙunshi zobe na sama, ƙaramin zobe da ƙayyadaddun vane mai jagora. Madaidaicin jagoran jagora shine zoben wurin zama na tallafi, strut wanda ke watsa nauyin axial, da shimfidar kwarara. A lokaci guda kuma, shi ne babban abin da ake magana a kai a cikin haɗuwa da manyan abubuwan da ke cikin injin turbin, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin sassa na farko da aka shigar. Sabili da haka, dole ne ya kasance yana da isasshen ƙarfi da ƙarfi, kuma a lokaci guda, ya kamata ya sami kyakkyawan aikin hydraulic.
Zoben wurin zama duka sashi ne mai ɗaukar nauyi da kuma wani sashi mai gudana, don haka madaidaicin shimfidar wuri yana da siffa mai daidaitacce don tabbatar da ƙarancin hasara na hydraulic.
Zoben wurin zama gabaɗaya yana da nau'ikan tsari guda uku: sifar ginshiƙi ɗaya, siffa ta ɗaiɗai-ɗai, da siffa ta gama gari. Don injin turbin na Francis, galibi ana amfani da zoben wurin zama na gamayya.
Draft bututu da tushe zobe
Daftarin bututun wani bangare ne na tafiyar da injin turbine, kuma akwai nau'i biyu na madaidaiciyar juzu'i da lankwasa. Gabaɗaya ana amfani da bututu mai lanƙwasa a cikin injin turbin manya da matsakaita. Zoben tushe shine ainihin ɓangaren da ke haɗa zoben wurin zama na injin turbine Francis tare da sashin shigar da daftarin bututu, kuma an haɗa shi cikin siminti. Ƙananan zobe na mai gudu yana juyawa a ciki.
Tsarin jagorar ruwa
Ayyukan tsarin jagorar ruwa na injin turbin ruwa shine don samar da kuma canza yawan adadin ruwan da ke shiga cikin mai gudu. Rotary multi-guide vane control tare da kyakkyawan aiki ana ɗauka don tabbatar da cewa ruwan ruwan ya shiga daidai tare da kewaye tare da ƙananan asarar makamashi a ƙarƙashin nau'o'in kwarara daban-daban. mai gudu. Tabbatar cewa injin turbine yana da halaye masu kyau na hydraulic, daidaita magudanar ruwa don canza fitarwa na naúrar, rufe magudanar ruwa da dakatar da juyawa na naúrar yayin rufewar al'ada da haɗari. Ana iya raba manyan hanyoyin jagoranci na ruwa zuwa cylindrical, conical (nau'in kwan fitila da turbines masu gudana) da radial (cikakken shigar turbines) bisa ga axis matsayi na vanes jagora. Tsarin jagorar ruwa ya ƙunshi manyan vanes na jagora, hanyoyin sarrafa vane na jagora, kayan aikin annular, hannun riga, hatimi da sauran abubuwa.
Jagoran tsarin na'urar vane.
Abubuwan da aka tsara na annular na tsarin jagorancin ruwa sun haɗa da zobe na ƙasa, murfin sama, murfin tallafi, zobe mai sarrafawa, ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa, ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa, da dai sauransu.
Zoben ƙasa
Zoben na ƙasa wani yanki ne mai lebur wanda aka gyara shi zuwa zoben wurin zama, yawancin waɗanda aka gina su da welded. Saboda ƙayyadaddun yanayin sufuri a cikin manyan raka'a, ana iya raba shi zuwa rabi biyu ko haɗuwa da ƙarin petals. Don tashoshin wutar lantarki tare da lalacewa na lalata, ana ɗaukar wasu matakan rigakafin lalacewa a saman magudanar ruwa. A halin yanzu, an shigar da faranti na anti-wear a kan ƙarshen fuska, kuma yawancinsu suna amfani da bakin karfe 0Cr13Ni5Mn. Idan zobe na ƙasa da na sama da na ƙananan ƙarshen vane na jagorar an rufe su da roba, za a sami tsagi na wutsiya ko nau'in farantin karfen hatimi a kan zoben ƙasa. Ma'aikatar mu galibi tana amfani da farantin karfen ƙarfe. Ramin shaft ɗin jagora a kan zoben ƙasa ya kamata ya kasance mai ma'ana tare da murfin saman. Ana amfani da murfin saman da ƙananan zobe sau da yawa don irin wannan m na matsakaici da ƙananan raka'a. Manyan raka'a yanzu sun gundura kai tsaye tare da injin CNC mai ban sha'awa a masana'antar mu.
Sarrafa madauki
Zoben sarrafawa wani yanki ne na shekara-shekara wanda ke watsa ƙarfin relay kuma yana jujjuya vane ɗin jagora ta hanyar watsawa.
Jagoran vane
A halin yanzu, vanes na jagora sau da yawa suna da daidaitattun sifofin ganye guda biyu, m da asymmetrical. Ana amfani da vanes na jagororin madaidaicin gabaɗaya a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun turbin na kwarara axial tare da kusurwar kundi mara cika; Ana amfani da vanes jagororin asymmetric gabaɗaya a cikin cikakken kundi na kusurwa kuma suna aiki tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun axial kwarara tare da babban buɗewa. turbines da kuma babban da matsakaici takamaiman gudun Francis turbines. Bankunan jagora (Silindrical) gabaɗaya ana jefa su gabaɗaya, kuma ana amfani da simintin welded a manyan raka'a.
Vane jagora wani muhimmin sashi ne na tsarin jagorar ruwa, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙirƙirar da canza ƙarar zazzagewar ruwa ta shiga mai gudu. An raba vane ɗin jagora zuwa sassa biyu: jagoran vane jiki da diamita vane shaft diamita. Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da simintin gyare-gyare gabaɗaya, kuma manyan raka'a kuma suna amfani da walda. Abubuwan gabaɗaya ZG30 da ZG20MnSi. Don tabbatar da jujjuyawar jujjuyawar jagorar jagora, babba, tsakiya da ƙananan ramuka na jagorar jagora ya kamata su kasance masu hankali, radial swing kada ya zama fiye da rabin juzu'in diamita na madaidaicin madaidaicin, kuma kuskuren da aka yarda da ƙarshen fuskar jagorar vane ɗin ba daidai ba zuwa ga axis bai kamata ya wuce 0.15/1000 ba. Bayanan martaba na maɓuɓɓugar ruwa na vane jagora kai tsaye yana rinjayar ƙarar zagayawa na ruwa da ke shiga mai gudu. Kai da wutsiya vane na jagora gabaɗaya an yi su da bakin karfe don inganta juriyar cavitation.
Jagorar hannun rigar vane da na'urar tuƙa
Hannun hannun rigar jagora wani sashi ne wanda ke daidaita diamita na shinge na tsakiya a kan jagorar jagora, kuma tsarinsa yana da alaƙa da kayan, hatimi da tsayin murfin saman. Mafi yawa a cikin nau'i na silinda mai mahimmanci, kuma a cikin manyan raka'a, yawanci an raba shi, wanda ke da damar daidaita rata da kyau.
Na'urar tura vane na jagora yana hana vane jagora samun sama sama ƙarƙashin aikin matsin ruwa. Lokacin da vane ɗin jagorar ya wuce matattun nauyin vane ɗin jagora, vane ɗin jagora ya ɗaga sama, ya yi karo da murfin saman kuma yana rinjayar ƙarfin kan sandar haɗi. Farantin tura gaba ɗaya shine aluminum tagulla.
Jagorar vane hatimi
Jagorar vane yana da ayyuka na rufewa guda uku, ɗaya shine don rage asarar makamashi, ɗayan kuma shine don rage ɗigon iska yayin aikin gyaran lokaci, kuma na uku shine don rage cavitation. An raba hatimin vane ɗin jagora zuwa hatimin ɗagawa da na ƙarshe.
Akwai hatimi a tsakiya da ƙasa na diamita na shaft vane jagora. Lokacin da aka kulle diamita na shaft, ana rufe matsi na ruwa tsakanin zoben rufewa da diamita na vane jagora. Saboda haka, akwai ramukan magudanar ruwa a cikin hannun riga. Hatimin diamita na ƙananan raƙuman ruwa shine yafi don hana shigar da ruwa da abin da ya faru na diamita na shaft.
Akwai nau'ikan hanyoyin watsa vane na jagora da yawa, kuma akwai guda biyu da aka saba amfani da su. Ɗaya shine nau'in cokali mai yatsa, wanda ke da yanayin damuwa mai kyau kuma ya dace da manyan raka'a da matsakaici. Daya shine nau'in rike da kunne, wanda aka fi sani da tsari mai sauƙi kuma ya fi dacewa da ƙanana da matsakaici.
A kunne rike watsa inji ne yafi hada da jagora vane hannu, a haɗa farantin, raba rabin key, karfi fil, shaft hannun riga, karshen cover, kunne rike, Rotary hannun riga a haɗa sanda fil, da dai sauransu The karfi ba shi da kyau, amma tsarin ne mai sauki, don haka shi ne mafi dace a kananan da matsakaici raka'a.
Injin tuƙi na cokali mai yatsu
Injin watsa cokali mai yatsa ya ƙunshi babban hannu mai jagora, farantin haɗin kai, shugaban cokali mai yatsa, fil ɗin cokali mai yatsa, haɗa dunƙule, goro, maɓallin rabi, fil mai ƙarfi, hannun hannu, murfin ƙarshen da zoben ramuwa, da sauransu.
Hannun vane na jagora da vane ɗin jagora suna haɗe tare da maɓalli mai tsaga don watsa jujjuyawar aiki kai tsaye. An shigar da murfin ƙarshe akan hannun vane na jagora, kuma an dakatar da vane ɗin jagora akan murfin ƙarshen tare da dunƙule daidaitacce. Saboda amfani da maɓallin rabi-rabi, vane mai jagora yana motsawa sama da ƙasa lokacin daidaita rata tsakanin saman saman da ƙananan ƙarshen fuska na jikin vane mai jagora, yayin da matsayi na sauran sassan watsawa ba su da tasiri. tasiri.
A cikin injin watsa cokali mai yatsu, hannun vane na jagora da farantin haɗin haɗin suna sanye take da filaye mai ƙarfi. Idan vanes ɗin jagora sun makale saboda abubuwa na waje, ƙarfin aiki na sassan watsa abin da ya dace zai ƙaru sosai. Lokacin da danniya ya karu zuwa sau 1.5, za a fara yanke ƙugiya mai laushi. Kare sauran sassan watsawa daga lalacewa.
Bugu da ƙari, a haɗin tsakanin farantin haɗin haɗi ko zoben sarrafawa da kuma cokali mai yatsa, don kiyaye kullun haɗin kai a kwance, ana iya shigar da zoben ramuwa don daidaitawa. Zaren da ke gefen biyu na haɗin haɗin haɗin suna hannun hagu da dama da dama, don haka za'a iya daidaita tsayin sandar haɗi da buɗewar vane na jagora yayin shigarwa.
Juyawa juzu'i
Bangaren jujjuya galibi ya ƙunshi mai gudu, babban sandal, abin ɗauka da na'urar rufewa. Ana hada mai gudu ana walda shi ta kambi na sama, zobe na ƙasa da ruwan wukake. Yawancin manyan ramukan injin turbin ana jefa su. Akwai nau'ikan jagororin jagora da yawa. Dangane da yanayin aiki na tashar wutar lantarki, akwai nau'ikan abubuwa da yawa kamar saƙo na bakin ruwa, lubrication mai da busasshen lubrication. Gabaɗaya, tashar wutar lantarki galibi tana ɗaukar nau'in silinda mai bakin ciki ko nau'in toshe.
Francis mai gudu
Mai tsere Francis ya ƙunshi kambi na sama, ruwan wukake da ƙaramin zobe. Kambi na sama yawanci ana sanye shi da zoben hana zubar da ruwa don rage asarar ruwa, da na'urar rage matsa lamba don rage tura ruwa axial. Ƙarƙashin zoben kuma an sanye shi da na'urar hana fita.
Axial runner ruwan wukake
Ruwan mai gudu na axial flow mai gudu (babban sashi don canza makamashi) ya ƙunshi sassa biyu: jiki da pivot. Yi jifa daban, kuma haɗa tare da sassa na inji kamar su skru da fil bayan sarrafawa. (Gaba ɗaya, diamita na mai gudu ya fi mita 5) samarwa gabaɗaya ZG30 da ZG20MnSi. Yawan ruwan wukake na mai gudu gabaɗaya shine 4, 5, 6, da 8.
Jikin mai gudu
Jikin mai gudu yana sanye take da duk ruwan wukake da tsarin aiki, ɓangaren sama yana haɗa tare da babban shaft, kuma ƙananan ɓangaren an haɗa shi da mazugi na magudanar ruwa, wanda ke da siffa mai rikitarwa. Yawancin lokaci jikin mai gudu yana yin ZG30 da ZG20MnSi. Siffar galibi tana da siffar zobe don rage asarar ƙara. Ƙayyadaddun tsari na jikin mai gudu ya dogara da matsayi na tsari na relay da nau'i na tsarin aiki. A dangane da babban shaft, dunƙule dunƙule kawai dauke da axial karfi, da kuma karfin juyi yana dauke da cylindrical fil rarraba tare da radial shugabanci na hadin gwiwa surface.
Tsarin aiki
Madaidaicin haɗin gwiwa tare da firam ɗin aiki:
1. Lokacin da kusurwar ruwa yana cikin matsayi na tsakiya, hannun yana kwance kuma sandar haɗi yana tsaye.
2. Hannun da ke jujjuyawa da ruwan wukake suna amfani da fil ɗin silinda don watsa juzu'i, kuma an sanya matsayin radial ta zoben karye.
3. An raba sandar haɗin kai zuwa ciki da na waje, kuma an rarraba karfi a ko'ina.
4. Akwai kunnen kunne akan firam ɗin aiki, wanda ya dace don daidaitawa yayin haɗuwa. Madaidaicin fuskar ƙarshen kunnen kunne da firam ɗin aiki yana iyakance ta hanyar iyakacin iyaka don hana sandar haɗawa ta makale lokacin da aka gyara kunnen kunne.
5. Tsarin aiki yana ɗaukar siffar "I". Yawancin su ana amfani da su a cikin ƙanana da matsakaita masu girma tare da ruwan wukake 4 zuwa 6.
Hanyar haɗin kai madaidaiciya ba tare da firam ɗin aiki ba: 1. An soke firam ɗin aiki, kuma sandar haɗi da hannu mai jujjuya ana tuƙa ta kai tsaye ta piston gudun ba da sanda. a cikin manyan raka'a.
Na'urar haɗin kai na Oblique tare da firam ɗin aiki: 1. Lokacin da kusurwar jujjuya ruwa ta kasance a tsakiyar matsayi, hannun swivel da sandar haɗi suna da babban kusurwar karkata. 2. An ƙara bugun jini na relay, kuma a cikin mai gudu tare da karin ruwan wukake.
dakin gudu
The runner chamber ne na duniya karfe farantin welded tsarin, da cavitation-saukar sassa a tsakiyar an yi da bakin karfe don inganta cavitation juriya. Gidan mai gudu yana da isasshen ƙarfi don saduwa da buƙatun ƙetare iri ɗaya tsakanin igiyoyin mai gudu da ɗakin mai gudu lokacin da naúrar ke gudana. Ma'aikatar mu ta samar da cikakkiyar hanyar sarrafawa a cikin tsarin masana'antu: A. CNC a tsaye lathe aiki. B, hanyar sarrafa bayanan martaba. Madaidaicin mazugi na daftarin bututu an yi shi da faranti na ƙarfe, an kafa shi a cikin masana'anta, kuma an taru akan wurin.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-26-2022
