Ruwan ruwa shine tsarin canza makamashin ruwa na halitta zuwa makamashin lantarki ta amfani da matakan injiniya. Ita ce ainihin hanyar amfani da makamashin ruwa. Abubuwan amfani shine cewa baya cinye man fetur, baya gurbata yanayi, ana iya ci gaba da cika makamashin ruwa ta hanyar hazo, kayan aikin injiniya da lantarki yana da sauƙi, kuma aikin yana da sauƙi kuma mai dacewa. Duk da haka, babban jarin yana da yawa, lokacin gini yana da tsawo, kuma wani lokacin ana haifar da asarar ambaliya. Sau da yawa ana haɗa wutar lantarki tare da sarrafa ambaliya, ban ruwa, jigilar kaya, da dai sauransu don cikakken amfani.
Akwai nau'ikan samar da wutar lantarki iri uku:
1. Na al'ada Hydroelectricity
Wato wutar lantarki mai nau'in madatsar ruwa, wacce aka fi sani da reservoir-type hydropower. Ana samar da tafki ne ta hanyar adana ruwa a cikin dam, kuma mafi girman ikon fitar da shi ana yin shi ne ta hanyar bambancin girma na tafki da matsayi na hanyar ruwa da kuma tsayin saman ruwa. Wannan bambancin tsayi ana kiransa kai, wanda kuma ake kira digo ko kai, kuma yuwuwar makamashin ruwa ya yi daidai da kai.
2. Gudun wutar lantarki ta kogin (ROR)
Wato wutar lantarki mai rafi, wanda aka fi sani da run-of-kogin hydropower, wani nau'i ne na wutar lantarki mai amfani da wutar lantarki amma kawai yana buƙatar ruwa kaɗan ko kuma ba ya buƙatar adana ruwa mai yawa don samar da wutar lantarki. Magudanar ruwa mai gudana yana buƙatar kusan babu ajiyar ruwa, ko kuma kawai wurin ajiyar ruwa kaɗan, wanda ake kira wurin shakatawa ko forecourt lokacin da aka gina ƙaramin wurin ajiyar ruwa. Saboda rashin manyan wuraren ajiyar ruwa, samar da wutar lantarki mai gudana yana da matukar damuwa ga canje-canjen yanayi na yawan ruwan da ake amfani da shi a cikin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, don haka galibi ana bayyana tashoshin wutar lantarki a matsayin tushen makamashi na tsaka-tsaki. Kuma idan aka gina wani tafkin da ke daidaitawa a cikin tashar wutar lantarki ta Chuanliu da za ta iya daidaita kwararar ruwa a kowane lokaci, za a yi amfani da ita a matsayin tashar wutar lantarki ta kololuwa ko tashar wutar lantarki mai ɗaukar nauyi.
3. Ikon ruwa
Ƙirƙirar wutar lantarki ya dogara ne akan tashi da faɗuwar matakan ruwan teku da igiyar ruwa ke haifarwa. Gabaɗaya, ana gina tafki ne don adana wutar lantarki, amma kuma ana yin amfani da ruwa kai tsaye da igiyar ruwa ke samar da wutar lantarki. Babu wurare da yawa a duniya da suka dace da samar da wutar lantarki, amma takwas a Burtaniya an kiyasta cewa za su iya biyan kashi 20% na bukatun wutar lantarkin kasar.
Tabbas, nau'ikan samar da wutar lantarki guda uku, tashoshin wutar lantarki ne na al'ada, akwai kuma wani nau'in tashar wutar lantarki mai suna Pumped Storage Power Station, wanda gabaɗaya ke amfani da wuce gona da iri a tsarin wutar lantarki (lokacin ambaliya, hutu, ko ƙarancin wutar lantarki a cikin rabin na biyu na dare). ), ruwan da ke cikin ƙananan tafki yana zub da ruwa zuwa babban tafki don ajiya; lokacin da tsarin ya yi hawan kololuwa, sai a ajiye ruwan da ke cikin tafki na sama, sannan injin din na tuka injin din don samar da wutar lantarki. Yana da aikin dual na aske kololuwa da cika kwarin, kuma shine mafi kyawun samar da wutar lantarki ga tsarin wutar lantarki. Bugu da ƙari, yana iya daidaita mita, lokaci, ƙarfin lantarki da kuma yin aiki a matsayin madadin, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da aminci da ingancin aiki na grid na wutar lantarki da inganta tattalin arzikin tsarin.
Tashar wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da ita kanta ba ta samar da wutar lantarki, amma tana taka rawa wajen daidaita sabani tsakanin samar da wutar lantarki da samar da wutar lantarki a cikin wutar lantarki; yana da tasiri mai yawa a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki na gajeren lokaci; farawa da fitarwa suna canzawa da sauri, wanda zai iya tabbatar da amincin wutar lantarki na grid ɗin wutar lantarki da inganta wutar lantarki. ingancin wutar lantarki. Yanzu ba a rarraba shi a matsayin wutar lantarki, amma wutar lantarki.
Ya zuwa yanzu, akwai tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki guda 193 da ke aiki da karfin da aka girka sama da megawatt 1,000 a dukkan kasashen duniya, kuma ana kan gina 21. Daga cikin su, akwai tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki guda 55 da ke aiki da karfin wutar lantarki fiye da megawatt 1,000 a kasar Sin, kuma 5 ana kan gina su, wadanda ke matsayi na daya a duniya.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-14-2022
