A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, saurin bunkasuwar samar da wutar lantarki ta samar da ci gaba a kai a kai, kuma tsayin daka na ci gaba ya karu. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki ba ya cinye makamashin ma'adinai. Samar da wutar lantarki mai amfani da ruwa yana taimakawa wajen rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli da kare muhalli, da inganta amfani da albarkatu da cikkaken muradun tattalin arziki da al'umma. A ƙarƙashin bayanan tsaka tsaki na carbon, haɓakar haɓakar masana'antar wutar lantarki har yanzu tana da kyau na dogon lokaci.
Hydropower yana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun tushen wutar lantarki don cimma tsaka-tsakin carbon
A matsayin makamashi mai tsafta, wutar lantarki ba ta haifar da hayaƙin carbon ko gurɓatawa; A matsayin makamashi mai sabuntawa, muddin akwai ruwa, wutar lantarki ba za ta ƙare ba. A halin yanzu, kasar Sin na fuskantar muhimmin nauyi da ke da shi na kololuwar carbon da kawar da iskar carbon. Wutar lantarki ba kawai mai tsabta ba ce kuma kyauta ce, amma kuma tana da alaƙa da muhalli, kuma tana iya shiga cikin ƙa'idodin kololuwa. Hydropower yana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun tushen wutar lantarki don cimma tsaka-tsakin carbon. Yayin da ake sa ran nan gaba, makamashin ruwa na kasar Sin zai ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sa kaimi ga cimma burin "carbon biyu".
1. Menene ma'ajiyar famfo ke samun kuɗi
Tashoshin ajiyar wutar lantarki na kasar Sin na amfani da matsakaicin sa'o'i 4 na wutar lantarki, kuma suna samar da wutar lantarki na tsawon sa'o'i 3 ne kawai bayan da aka yi amfani da su, inda aikin ya kai kashi 75% kacal.
Tashar wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da ita tana fitar da ruwa lokacin da nauyin grid ɗin ya yi ƙasa sosai, yana mai da wutar lantarki zuwa ƙarfin da ake iya amfani da shi na ruwa, yana adana shi. Lokacin da lodi ya yi yawa, yana sakin ruwa don samar da wutar lantarki. Kamar wata katuwar taska ce da aka yi da ruwa.
A cikin aikin famfo da samar da wutar lantarki, ba makawa za a yi asara. A matsakaita, tashar wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da ita za ta cinye kwh 4 na wutar lantarki don yin famfo kowane kwh 3 na wutar lantarki, tare da matsakaicin inganci na kusan 75%.
Sannan tambaya ta zo: nawa ne kudin gina irin wannan babbar “taska mai caji”?
Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Yangjiang da aka yi amfani da ita ita ce tashar wutar lantarki mafi girma da aka yi amfani da ita tare da mafi girman ƙarfin raka'a ɗaya, mafi girman kai da zurfin binne mafi girma a China. An sanye shi da saitin farko na rumbun ajiya mai nauyin 400000 kW tare da shugaban mita 700 na kansa da aka haɓaka kuma aka kera shi a cikin Sin, tare da aikin da aka tsara na 2.4 miliyan KW.
An fahimci cewa, aikin tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Yangjiang ya zuba jarin Yuan biliyan 7.627, kuma za a gina shi a matakai biyu. Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na shekara-shekara shine kwh biliyan 3.6, kuma yawan famfun wutar lantarki na shekara shine kwh biliyan 4.8.
Tashar ajiyar wutar lantarki ta Yang ba hanya ce ta tattalin arziki kawai ta warware kololuwar yanayin wutar lantarki na Guangdong ba, har ma wata muhimmiyar hanya ce ta inganta yadda ake amfani da shi da matakin amincin makamashin nukiliya da ikon yammacin duniya, da samar da sabon makamashi da hadin gwiwa tare da amintaccen aiki na makamashin nukiliya. Yana da mahimmanci kuma tabbataccen mahimmanci don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali, aminci da aikin tattalin arziƙi na grid ɗin wutar lantarki da tsarin sadarwar Guangdong da haɓaka aminci da amincin aikin grid ɗin wutar lantarki.
Sakamakon matsalar asarar makamashi, tashar wutar lantarkin da aka yi amfani da wutar lantarkin na amfani da wutar lantarki fiye da yadda ake samar da wutar lantarki, wato ta fuskar makamashi, tashar wutar lantarkin da ake zubawa dole ne ta yi asarar kuɗi.
Duk da haka, fa'idar tattalin arziƙin tashoshin wutar lantarkin da ake amfani da su ba ya dogara ne akan samar da wutar lantarki ba, a'a akan rawar da take takawa na aski kololuwa da kuma cika kwari.
Ƙirƙirar wutar lantarki a kololuwar amfani da wutar lantarki da adanar famfo a ƙarancin wutar lantarki na iya guje wa farawa da rufe yawancin tashoshin wutar lantarki, don haka guje wa hasarar tattalin arziƙi mai yawa yayin farawa da kuma rufe tashoshin wutar lantarki. Tashar wutar lantarkin da aka yi famfo kuma tana da wasu ayyuka kamar na'urar daidaitawa ta mitar, canjin lokaci da fara baki.
Hanyoyin cajin tashoshin wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da su a yankuna daban-daban sun bambanta. Wasu sun ɗauki tsarin kuɗin haya na iya aiki, kuma wasu yankuna sun ɗauki tsarin farashin wutar lantarki mai kashi biyu. Baya ga kudin haya na iya aiki, ana iya samun riba ta hanyar bambancin farashin wutar lantarki na kwari.
2. Sabbin ayyukan ajiya na famfo a cikin 2022
Tun daga farkon wannan shekara, ana ci gaba da bayar da rahoton rattaba hannu da fara aikin ajiyar famfo: a ranar 30 ga watan Janairu, aikin samar da wutar lantarki na Wuhai tare da zuba jarin sama da yuan biliyan 8.6, da karfin ikon da ya kai kilowatt miliyan 1.2, ofishin makamashi na yankin Mongoliya ta ciki ya amince da shi kuma ya amince da shi; A ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, an rattaba hannu kan aikin tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta kogin Xiaofeng tare da zuba jarin Yuan biliyan 7 da kilowatt miliyan 1.2 a birnin Wuhan, inda aka zauna a Yiling na Hubei; A ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairu, kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na SDIC da gwamnatin jama'ar birnin Hejin, lardin Shanxi, sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwa ta zuba jari kan ayyukan tashar wutar lantarki, wanda ke shirin bunkasa ayyukan adana wutar lantarki mai karfin kilowatt miliyan 1.2; A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, an gudanar da bikin kaddamar da tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Hubei Pingyuan mai karfin kilowatt miliyan 1.4 a birnin Luotian na Hubei.
Bisa kididdigar da ba ta cika ba, tun daga shekarar 2021, fiye da kilowatts miliyan 100 na ayyukan ajiyar famfo sun sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci. Daga cikin su, cibiyar samar da wutar lantarki ta kasar Sin da na kudancin kasar Sin sun zarce kilowatt miliyan 24.7, inda suka zama babbar rundunar da ke aikin gina ayyukan adana fanfunan tuka-tuka.
A halin yanzu, ma'ajiyar famfo ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mahimman fannonin tsara manyan kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki guda biyu a lokacin shirin shekaru biyar na 14. Daga cikin tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki da aka fara amfani da su a kasar Sin, gwamnatin jihar Xinyuan da ke karkashin gwamnatin jihar da kamfanin South Grid Peak Peak and Mitulation a karkashin South Grid Corporation ne ke da babban hannun jari.
A cikin watan Satumban shekarar da ta gabata, daraktan cibiyar kula da ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki ta jihar Xin Baoan, ya bayyana a bainar jama'a cewa, gwamnatin jihar na shirin zuba jarin da ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 350 (kimanin yuan triliyan 2) nan da shekaru 5 masu zuwa, don inganta sauye-sauye da inganta hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki. Nan da shekarar 2030, za a kara karfin da aka girka na rumbun ajiya a kasar Sin daga kilowatt miliyan 23.41 na yanzu zuwa kilowatt miliyan 100.
A cikin watan Oktoban shekarar da ta gabata, shugaban kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki ta kasar Sin, kuma sakataren jam'iyyar, Meng Zhenping, ya bayyana a gun taron neman aikin gina tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki a larduna da yankuna biyar na kudancin kasar, cewa, za a gaggauta gina tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki. A cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa, za a kammala samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin kilowatt miliyan 21 da kuma fara aiki. A sa'i daya kuma, za a fara aikin samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin kilowatt miliyan 15 da aka tsara za a fara aiki a cikin shirin na shekaru biyar na 16. Jimillar jarin zai kai kimanin yuan biliyan 200, wanda zai iya kaiwa ga samun dama da kuma amfani da kusan kilowatt miliyan 250 na sabbin makamashi a larduna da yankuna biyar na kudancin kasar.
Yayin da suke zana babban tsari, manyan kamfanonin grid ɗin wutar lantarki biyu sun sake tsara kadarorin ajiyar su da aka yi.
A watan Nuwambar shekarar da ta gabata, Kamfanin Grid na kasar Sin ya mika dukkan kashi 51.54% na hannun jarin jihar Xinyuan Holding Co., Ltd. zuwa ga State Grid Xinyuan Group Co., Ltd. kyauta, tare da hada kadarorinsa da aka zuba. A nan gaba, State Grid Xinyuan Group Co., Ltd. zai zama wani dandamali kamfanin na State Grid famfo ajiya kasuwanci.
A ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairu, Yunnan Wenshan Electric Power, wanda ya fi yin aikin samar da wutar lantarki, ya sanar da cewa, yana shirin sayen kashi 100% na samar da wutar lantarki na kasar Sin Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd. da ke hannun China Southern Power Grid Co. A cewar sanarwar da ta gabata, wutar lantarki ta Wenshan za ta zama wani dandali na kamfani da aka jera don kasuwancin ajiyar wutar lantarki na China Southern Power Grid.
"A halin yanzu ana gane ma'ajin da aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin mafi girma, abin dogara, tsabta da tattalin arziki ma'anar ajiyar makamashi a cikin duniya. Hakanan zai iya samar da lokacin da ya dace na inertia don tsarin wutar lantarki da kuma tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na tsarin. Yana da muhimmiyar goyon baya ga sabon tsarin wutar lantarki tare da sabon makamashi a matsayin babban jiki. Peng CAIDE, babban injiniyan Sinohydro, ya nuna.
Babu shakka, hanya mafi kyau don inganta ƙarfin grid ɗin wutar lantarki don karɓar sabon makamashi shine gina ma'ajiyar famfo ko ajiyar makamashin lantarki. Duk da haka, daga ra'ayi na fasaha, mafi yawan tattalin arziki da kuma tasiri yanayin ajiyar makamashi a cikin grid na wutar lantarki na yanzu yana yin famfo ajiya. Wannan kuma shi ne ijma'in kasashen duniya na yanzu.
Dan jaridan ya gano cewa, a halin yanzu, zane da kera na'urorin famfo da ajiya a kasar Sin sun fahimci ainihin inda suke, kuma fasahar ta balaga. Ana sa ran za a kiyaye farashin saka hannun jari a kusan yuan 6500 / kW. Ko da yake farashin kowace kilowatt na ƙarfin aske ganiya don sassauƙan canjin wutar lantarki na iya zama ƙasa da yuan 500-1500, ƙarfin aski da aka samu ta hanyar sassauƙan canjin wutar lantarki a kowace kilowatt kusan 20%. Wannan yana nufin cewa canji mai sassauƙa na wutar lantarki yana buƙatar samun ƙarfin aske kololuwar 1kW, kuma ainihin jarin ya kai yuan 2500-7500.
"A cikin matsakaita da kuma dogon lokaci, ma'ajiyar famfo ita ce fasahar ajiyar makamashi mafi tattalin arziki. Tashar wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da ita ita ce tushen wutar lantarki mai sassauƙa wanda ya dace da bukatun sabon tsarin wutar lantarki kuma yana da mafi kyawun tattalin arziki." Wasu mutane a cikin masana'antar sun jaddada wa dan jarida.
Tare da karuwar saka hannun jari a hankali, ci gaba da ci gaban fasaha da kuma hanzarta aiwatar da ayyuka, masana'antar adana kayan aiki za ta haifar da ci gaba na ci gaba.
A cikin watan Satumban shekarar da ta gabata, Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Kasa ta fitar da shirin bunkasa matsakaita da dogon zango na ajiyar kaya (2021-2035) (wanda ake kira da shirin), wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa nan da shekarar 2025, jimillar karfin ajiyar makamashin da aka yi amfani da shi zai ninka na shirin na shekaru biyar na 13, wanda ya kai fiye da kilowatts miliyan 62; Nan da shekarar 2030, jimillar ma'aunin ajiyar da aka yi amfani da shi zai ninka na shirin na shekaru biyar na 14, wanda zai kai kusan kilowatt miliyan 120.
A matsayin wani muhimmin bangare na gina sabon tsarin wutar lantarki, ana sa ran ci gaban gine-ginen ajiyar famfo, wani yanki na ajiyar makamashi, na iya wuce abin da ake tsammani.
A lokacin "shirin shekaru biyar na 14, sabon shigar da kayan aiki na shekara-shekara na ajiyar famfo zai kai kimanin kilowatts miliyan 6, kuma "shirin shekaru biyar na 15" zai kara karuwa zuwa kilowatts miliyan 12. Dangane da bayanan da suka gabata, sabon shigar da kayan aiki na shekara-shekara na ma'ajiyar famfo shine kawai kilowatt miliyan 2. Bisa matsakaicin ma'aunin zuba jari na yuan 5000 a kowace kilowatt, sabon ma'aunin zuba jari na shekara a cikin "shirin shekaru biyar na 14" da "shirin shekaru biyar na 15" zai kai kimanin yuan biliyan 20 da yuan biliyan 50 bi da bi.
"Canjin ajiya da aka buga na tashoshin wutar lantarki na al'ada" da aka ambata a cikin shirin yana da mahimmanci. Ma'ajiyar nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i wanda aka canza daga tashoshin wutar lantarki na al'ada sau da yawa yana da ƙananan farashin aiki da fa'ida a bayyane a cikin hidimar sabon makamashi da sabon tsarin gina wutar lantarki, wanda ya kamata a kula da shi.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-15-2022
