A lokacin da farfadowar tattalin arzikin kasar ya gamu da cikas na samar da kayayyaki, yayin da lokacin zafi na hunturu ke gabatowa, matsin lamba kan masana'antun makamashi na Turai yana karuwa, kuma hauhawar farashin iskar gas da wutar lantarki na kara karuwa, kuma babu wata alama da ke nuna cewa za a gyaru a cikin gajeren lokaci.
A yayin da ake fuskantar matsin lamba, gwamnatocin Turai da dama sun dauki matakai, musamman ta hanyar rage haraji, ba da takardar shaidar amfani da kuma yaki da hasashen cinikin carbon.
Har yanzu lokacin sanyi bai iso ba, kuma farashin iskar gas da farashin mai ya kai wani sabon matsayi
Yayin da yanayi ke kara yin sanyi, farashin iskar gas da wutar lantarki a Turai ya yi tashin gwauron zabi. Gabaɗaya masana sun yi hasashen cewa ƙarancin wutar lantarki a nahiyar Turai baki ɗaya zai ƙara yin muni.
Kamfanin dillancin labaran reuters ya bayar da rahoton cewa, tun a watan Agusta farashin iskar gas na Turai ya yi tashin gwauron zabo, lamarin da ya sa farashin wutar lantarki da kwal da sauran hanyoyin samar da makamashi ke kara hauhawa. A matsayin ma'auni na kasuwancin iskar gas na Turai, farashin iskar gas na cibiyar TTF a cikin Netherlands ya tashi zuwa Yuro 175 / MWh a ranar 21 ga Satumba, wanda ya ninka na watan Maris. Tare da karancin iskar gas, farashin iskar gas a cibiyar TTF da ke Netherlands na ci gaba da tashi.
Karancin wutar lantarki da hauhawar farashin wutar lantarki ba labari ba ne. Hukumar kula da makamashi ta duniya ta bayyana a cikin wata sanarwa a ranar 21 ga watan Satumba cewa, a 'yan makonnin da suka gabata, farashin wutar lantarki a Turai ya yi tashin gwauron zabo a cikin shekaru fiye da goma, kuma ya haura sama da sa'a 100 na Euro/megawatt a kasuwanni da dama.
Farashin wutan lantarki a Jumla a Jamus da Faransa ya karu da kashi 36% da 48% bi da bi. Farashin wutar lantarki a Burtaniya ya karu daga £147/MWh zuwa £385/MWh a cikin 'yan makonni. Matsakaicin farashin wutar lantarki a Spain da Portugal ya kai Yuro 175/MWh, sau uku fiye da watanni shida da suka gabata.
Italiya a halin yanzu tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen Turai da ke da matsakaicin farashin siyar da wutar lantarki. Cibiyar kula da makamashi ta Italiya da Ofishin Kula da Muhalli ta kwanan nan ta fitar da wani rahoto cewa tun daga watan Oktoba, ana sa ran kashe wutar lantarki na gidaje na talakawa a Italiya zai karu da kashi 29.8%, kuma kashe iskar gas zai karu da kashi 14.4%. Idan gwamnati ba ta sa baki don sarrafa farashin, farashin biyu na sama zai tashi da kashi 45% da 30% bi da bi.
Kamfanoni takwas masu samar da wutar lantarki a Jamus sun haɓaka ko sanar da ƙarin farashin, tare da matsakaicin haɓaka na 3.7%. UFC que choisir, wata kungiyar masu amfani da wutar lantarki ta Faransa, ta kuma yi gargadin cewa iyalai masu amfani da dumamar wutar lantarki a kasar za su kara biyan matsakaitan Yuro 150 a duk shekara a bana. A farkon 2022, farashin wutar lantarki a Faransa ma na iya tashi da fashewa.
Sakamakon hauhawar farashin wutar lantarki, tsadar rayuwa da samar da kamfanoni a Turai ya karu sosai. Kamfanin dillancin labaran reuters ya bayar da rahoton cewa, kudaden wutar lantarkin mazauna yankin ya karu, kuma kamfanonin sinadarai da taki a Biritaniya da Norway da sauran kasashe sun rage ko kuma dakatar da samar da su daya bayan daya.
Goldman Sachs ya yi gargadin cewa hauhawar farashin wutar lantarki zai kara hadarin katsewar wutar lantarki a wannan lokacin sanyi.
02 Kasashen Turai sun ba da sanarwar matakan mayar da martani
Domin shawo kan lamarin, yawancin kasashen Turai suna daukar matakan tunkarar lamarin.
A cewar masanin tattalin arziki na Burtaniya da BBC, Spain da Burtaniya ne kasashen da tashin farashin makamashi ya fi shafa a Turai. A watan Satumba, gwamnatin hadin gwiwa karkashin jagorancin Pedro Sanchez, Firayim Minista na jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Spain, ta ba da sanarwar daukar wasu matakai da nufin dakile hauhawar farashin makamashi. Wadannan sun hada da dakatar da harajin samar da wutar lantarki na kashi 7% da kuma rage karin harajin da wasu masu amfani da wutar lantarki ke samu daga kashi 21% zuwa 10% a rabin na biyu na wannan shekara. Gwamnatin ta kuma sanar da rage yawan ribar da kamfanonin makamashi ke samu na wucin gadi. Gwamnatin ta bayyana cewa burinta shine rage kudin wutar lantarki da sama da kashi 20% nan da karshen shekarar 2021.
Rikicin makamashi da matsalolin samar da kayayyaki da brexit ya haifar sun shafi Burtaniya musamman. Tun daga watan Agusta, kamfanonin iskar gas guda goma a Burtaniya sun rufe, wanda ya shafi abokan ciniki sama da miliyan 1.7. A halin yanzu, gwamnatin Biritaniya na gudanar da wani taron gaggawa da masu samar da makamashi da dama, domin tattaunawa kan yadda za a taimakawa masu samar da wutar lantarkin yadda za a shawo kan matsalolin da farashin iskar gas ke haifarwa.
Italiya, wacce ke samun kashi 40 cikin 100 na makamashinta daga iskar gas, na da hadari musamman ga tashin farashin iskar gas. A halin yanzu dai gwamnatin kasar ta kashe kusan Yuro biliyan 1.2 don shawo kan hauhawar farashin makamashin gidaje tare da yin alkawarin samar da karin Yuro biliyan 3 nan da watanni masu zuwa.
Firayim Minista Mario Draghi ya ce a cikin watanni uku masu zuwa, za a cire wasu daga cikin ainihin abin da ake kira farashin tsarin daga kudaden iskar gas da wutar lantarki. Ya kamata su kara haraji don taimakawa tare da sauyawa zuwa makamashi mai sabuntawa.
Firaministan Faransa Jean Castel ya bayyana a wani jawabi da ya yi a gidan talabijin a ranar 30 ga watan Satumba cewa gwamnatin Faransa za ta tabbatar da cewa farashin iskar gas da wutar lantarki ba zai tashi ba kafin karshen lokacin sanyi. Bugu da kari, gwamnatin Faransa ta ce makonni biyu da suka gabata cewa a cikin watan Disamba na wannan shekara, za a ba da ƙarin "takardar makamashi" na Euro 100 ga kowane gida ga kusan iyalai miliyan 5.8 masu karamin karfi don rage tasirin ikon sayan iyali.
Non EU Norway na ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu samar da mai da iskar gas a Turai, amma galibi ana amfani da shi don fitarwa. Kashi 1.4% na wutar lantarkin da ake samu a kasar nan ne ta hanyar kona man fetur da sharar gida, kashi 5.8% na wutar lantarki da kuma kashi 92.9% na wutar lantarki. Kamfanin samar da makamashin equinor na Norway ya amince ya ba da damar karuwar yawan iskar gas mai cubic biliyan 2 a shekarar 2022 don tallafawa karuwar bukatu a Turai da Burtaniya.
Tare da gwamnatocin Spain, Italiya da sauran kasashe suna yin kira da a sanya matsalar makamashi a cikin ajanda a taron shugabannin EU na gaba, EU na tsara jagora kan matakan sassauta matakan da kasashe mambobin za su iya dauka na kansu bisa ka'idojin EU.
Sai dai BBC ta ce babu wata alama da ke nuna cewa EU za ta dauki wani babban katsalandan da mayar da hankali.
03 abubuwa da yawa suna haifar da ƙarancin samar da makamashi, wanda ƙila ba za a sami sauƙi a cikin 2022 ba
Me ke kawo halin da Turai ke ciki a halin yanzu?
Masana dai na ganin cewa tashin farashin wutar lantarki a Turai ya haifar da damuwa game da katsewar wutar lantarki, musamman saboda rashin daidaiton wutar lantarki da kuma bukatar da ake bukata. A sannu a hankali kasashen duniya sun farfado daga annobar, noman da ake nomawa a wasu kasashe bai gama farfadowa ba, bukatu ya yi karfi, wadatar da ake samu ba ta wadatar, sannan wadatar da bukatu ba su daidaita, lamarin da ke haifar da damuwa game da katsewar wutar lantarki.
Karancin wutar lantarki a Turai ma yana da nasaba da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki. Cao Yuanzheng, shugaban kamfanin bincike na kasa da kasa na BOC, kuma babban mai bincike na kwalejin kudi ta Chongyang na jami'ar Renmin ta kasar Sin, ya yi nuni da cewa, yawan samar da wutar lantarki mai tsafta a Turai yana ci gaba da karuwa, amma saboda fari da sauran matsalolin yanayi, yawan wutar lantarki da samar da wutar lantarki ya ragu. Domin cike gibin, bukatar samar da wutar lantarki ya karu. Duk da haka, yayin da makamashi mai tsafta a Turai da Amurka ke ci gaba da fuskantar sauye-sauye, na'urorin samar da wutar lantarki da ake amfani da su na gaggawa ga kololuwar shaving tanadin wutar lantarki ba su da iyaka, kuma ba za a iya samar da wutar lantarki cikin kankanin lokaci ba, wanda ke haifar da gibi wajen samar da wutar lantarki.
Masanin tattalin arzikin Burtaniya ya kuma ce wutar lantarkin ta kai kusan kashi daya bisa goma na tsarin makamashin Turai, wanda ya ninka na kasashe irin su Burtaniya. Duk da haka, matsalolin yanayi na baya-bayan nan sun iyakance ƙarfin wutar lantarki a Turai.
Dangane da iskar gas, iskar gas da ake samarwa a Turai a bana ma ya ragu fiye da yadda ake tsammani, kuma adadin iskar gas ya ragu. Masanin tattalin arziki ya ba da rahoton cewa, Turai ta fuskanci sanyi da kuma dogon lokacin sanyi a bara, kuma abubuwan da aka samar da iskar gas sun ragu, kusan 25% ƙasa da matsakaicin matsakaicin lokaci.
Kazalika abin ya shafa manyan hanyoyin kasashen Turai biyu na shigo da iskar gas. Kimanin kashi daya bisa uku na iskar gas da ake samu a Turai Rasha ce ke samar da ita, kashi biyar kuma daga kasar Norway, amma dukkanin hanyoyin samar da iskar gas din na shafa. Misali, gobarar da ta tashi a wata masana'antar sarrafa iskar gas a Siberiya ta haifar da raguwar iskar iskar gas fiye da yadda ake tsammani. A cewar kamfanin dillancin labaran reuters, kasar Norway, kasa ta biyu wajen samar da iskar gas a nahiyar turai, ita ma ta takaita ne ta hanyar kula da filayen mai.
A matsayin babban karfin samar da wutar lantarki a Turai, iskar iskar gas bai wadatar ba, sannan kuma ana kara tsaurara wutar lantarki. Bugu da kari, da matsanancin yanayi ya shafa, makamashin da ake iya sabuntawa kamar wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki ba za a iya sanya shi a saman ba, wanda ke haifar da karancin wutar lantarki.
Kamfanin dillancin labaran reuters ya yi imanin cewa, hauhawar farashin makamashi, musamman farashin iskar gas, ya sa farashin wutar lantarki a nahiyar Turai ya kai wani matsayi na tsawon shekaru da dama, kuma da wuya wannan yanayin ya saukaka a karshen shekara, kuma ko da yanayin samar da makamashi mai tsauri ba zai ragu ba a shekarar 2022.
Bloomberg ya kuma yi hasashen cewa ƙarancin iskar gas a Turai, rage shigo da bututun iskar gas da kuma buƙatu mai ƙarfi a Asiya sun zama tushen tashin farashin. Tare da farfadowar tattalin arziki a zamanin bayan barkewar cutar, raguwar samar da kayayyaki a cikin gida a cikin kasashen Turai, gasa mai zafi a kasuwannin LNG na duniya, da karuwar bukatar samar da wutar lantarki da ke haifar da hauhawar farashin carbon, wadannan abubuwan na iya sanya iskar gas ta tsaya tsayin daka a shekarar 2022.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-13-2021
