Li-Turbine Runners tsa Metsi: Mefuta le Litlhaloso tsa Setsebi

Li-turbine tsa metsi ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tsa motlakase o fehloang ka metsi, tse fetolang matla a metsi a phallang kapa a theohang hore e be matla a mochini. Bohareng ba ts'ebetso ena ho na lesemathi, karolo e potolohang ea turbine e sebetsanang ka ho toba le phallo ea metsi. Moralo, mofuta, le litlhaloso tsa tekheniki tsa semathi li bohlokoa haholo ho elelloeng bokhoni ba turbine, mefuta ea hlooho ea ts'ebetso, le maemo a ts'ebeliso.

1. Sehlopha sa Limathi tsa Li-turbine tsa Metsi

Limathi tsa li-turbine tsa metsi hangata li arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e meraro ho latela mofuta oa phallo ea metsi eo li e sebetsanang:

A. Limathi tsa Impulse

Li-turbine tsa motlakase li sebetsa ka lijete tsa metsi tsa lebelo le phahameng tse otlang li-blade tsa semathi khatellong ea sepakapaka. Limathi tsena li etselitsoehlooho e phahameng, phallo e tlaselits'ebetso.

• Pelton Runner:

  • Sebopeho: Liemere tse bōpehileng joaloka khaba tse kenngoeng moeling oa lebili.

  • Hlooho Range: 100-1800 limithara.

  • Lebelo: Lebelo le tlaase la ho potoloha; hangata e hloka ho eketsa lebelo.

  • Lisebelisoa: Libaka tse lithaba, motlakase o monyane oa metsi o kantle ho grid.

B. Limathi tsa Reaction

Li-turbine tsa ho arabela li sebetsa ha khatello ea metsi e fetoha butle-butle ha e feta ho semathi. Limathi tsena li qoelisoa 'me li sebetsa tlas'a khatello ea metsi.

• Francis Runner:

  • Sebopeho: Phallo e tsoakiloeng le motsamao oa ka hare oa radial le axial.

  • Hlooho Range: 20-300 limithara.

  • Katleho: Holimo, hangata ka holimo ho 90%.

  • Lisebelisoa: E sebelisoa haholo liteisheneng tsa metsi tse nang le lihlooho tse mahareng.

• Kaplan Runner:

  • Sebopeho: Semathi sa phallo ea Axial se nang le mahare a fetohang.

  • Hlooho Range: 2-30 limithara.

  • Likaroloana: Li-blades tse feto-fetohang li lumella katleho e phahameng tlas'a meroalo e sa tšoaneng.

  • Lisebelisoa: Lihlooho tse tlase, linoka tse phallang haholo le ts'ebeliso ea maqhubu.

• Semathi sa Propeller:

  • Sebopeho: E tšoana le Kaplan empa e na le li-blades tse tsitsitseng.

  • Katleho: E nepahetseng feela tlas'a maemo a sa khaotseng a phallo.

  • Lisebelisoa: Libaka tse nyenyane tsa hydro tse nang le phallo e tsitsitseng le hlooho.

C. Mefuta e meng ea Semathi

• Semathi sa Turgo:

  • Sebopeho: Lijete tsa metsi li otla semathi se lebile.

  • Hlooho Range: 50-250 limithara.

  • Molemo: Lebelo le phahameng la ho potoloha ho feta Pelton, kaho e bonolo.

  • Lisebelisoa: Liteishene tse fehlang motlakase ka metsi tse nyane ho isa ho tse mahareng.

• Cross-Flow Runner (Banki-Michell Turbine):

  • Sebopeho: Metsi a phalla ka har'a semathi ka tsela e fapaneng, habeli.

  • Hlooho Range: limithara tse 2-100.

  • Likaroloana: E ntle bakeng sa motlakase o monyane oa metsi le phallo e fapaneng.

  • Lisebelisoa: Sistimi ea Off-grid, mini hydro.

2. Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa tsa Tekheniki tsa Limathi

Mefuta e fapaneng ea limathi e hloka tlhokomelo e hlokolosi ho liparamente tsa bona tsa tekheniki ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng:

3. Lintlha tsa Khetho

Ha u khetha mofuta oa semathi, baenjiniere ba tlameha ho nahana ka:

• Hlooho le Phallo: E etsa qeto ea hore na ho khethoa tšusumetso kapa maikutlo.

• Maemo a Sebaka: Phapang ea noka, boima ba sediment, liphetoho tsa linako tsa selemo.

• Ho Fetolana ha Ts'ebetso: Tlhokahalo ea ho lokisoa ha lehare kapa ho ikamahanya le phallo.

• Litšenyehelo le Tlhokomelo: Limathi tse bonolo tse kang Pelton kapa Propeller li bonolo ho li hlokomela.

4. Mekhoa ea Bokamoso

Ka tsoelo-pele ea computational fluid dynamics (CFD) le khatiso ea tšepe ea 3D, moralo oa semathi sa turbine o ntse o tsoela pele ho ea ho:

• Bokhoni bo phahameng ho phallo e fapaneng

• Limathi tse ikhethileng bakeng sa maemo a ikhethileng a sebaka

• Tšebeliso ea lisebelisuoa tse kopantsoeng bakeng sa li-blades tse bobebe le tse thibelang kutu

Qetello

Limathi tsa li-turbine tsa metsi ke motheo oa phetolo ea matla a matla a metsi. Ka ho khetha mofuta o nepahetseng oa semathi le ho ntlafatsa maemo a eona a tekheniki, lifeme tsa motlakase oa metsi li ka fumana ts'ebetso e phahameng, bophelo bo bolelele ba ts'ebeletso, le phello e fokotsehileng ea tikoloho. Ebang ke bakeng sa ho fehla motlakase libakeng tse nyane tsa mahaeng kapa lifemeng tse kholo tse hoketsoeng ke grid, semathi se ntse se le senotlolo sa ho notlolla matla a fehlang a metsi.