Matla a metsi ke theknoloji ea saense e ithutang litaba tsa tekheniki le tsa moruo tse kang kaho ea boenjiniere le tsamaiso ea tlhahiso. Matla a metsi a sebelisoang tlhahisong ea matla a motlakase oa metsi ke matla a ka bang teng a bolokiloeng metsing. E le ho fetolela matla a metsi motlakaseng hore e be motlakase, ho hlokahala hore ho hahuoe mefuta e fapaneng ea liteishene tsa matla a metsi.
1. Selelekela sa motheo: Tšebeliso ea matla a motlakase oa metsi linokeng, matša, jj. Li fumaneha libakeng tse phahameng 'me li na le matla a ka bang teng, li phalla ho ea libakeng tse tlase 'me li fetola matla a ka bang teng a ho tsona hore e be matla a kinetic a turbine ea metsi, e sebelisoang e le matla a ho khanna jenereithara ho hlahisa matla a motlakase. Ho sebelisa matla a hydraulic (ka hlooho ea metsi) ho khanna ho potoloha ha mechini ea hydraulic (turbine ea metsi), ho fetola matla a metsi hore e be matla a mechini. Haeba mofuta o mong oa mechini (jenereithara) o hokahantsoe le turbine ea metsi, o ka hlahisa motlakase ha turbine e potoloha, ebe o fetola matla a mechini hore e be matla a motlakase. Ka kutloisiso e itseng, matla a metsi ke mokhoa oa ho fetola matla a ka bang teng a metsi hore e be matla a mechini, ebe o fetoha matla a motlakase. Ka lebaka la motlakase o tlase oa phepelo ea motlakase o hlahisoang ke limela tsa motlakase oa metsi, haeba o tla fetisetsoa ho basebelisi ba hole, o hloka ho matlafatsoa ka li-transformer, ebe o fetisetsoa litsing tse nyane libakeng tse kopaneng tsa basebelisi ka mela ea phetisetso ea moea, qetellong o fokotsoe ho ba motlakase o loketseng basebelisi ba malapa le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tsa fektheri, ebe o fetisetsoa lifekthering le malapa a fapaneng ka mela ea kabo. 2、 Molao-motheo oa motheo oa tlhahiso ea matla a motlakase oa metsi ke ho sebelisa ho theoha ha boemo ba metsi ho sebelisana le jenereithara ea motlakase oa metsi bakeng sa tlhahiso ea motlakase, ke hore, ho fetola matla a ka bang teng a metsi hore e be matla a mechini a turbine ea hydraulic, ebe o sebelisa matla a mechini ho khanna jenereithara ho fumana matla a motlakase. Bo-rasaense ba sebelisitse maemo a tlhaho ka katleho joalo ka boenjiniere ba phallo le fisiks ea mechini ka ho sebelisa boemo ba metsi bo fokotsehang. 'Me li kopantsoe ka hloko ho fihlela tlhahiso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea motlakase bakeng sa batho ho sebelisa motlakase o theko e tlase le o se nang tšilafalo. Maemo a tlase a metsi, ka lehlakoreng le leng, a monya khanya ea letsatsi 'me a potoloha Lefatšeng Labohlano, ka hona a tsosolosa mehloli e mengata ea metsi.
Ho fihlela joale, tekanyo ea matla a motlakase oa metsi e fapana ho tloha ho mashome a 'maloa a li-watts tse sebelisoang libakeng tsa mahaeng tsa Lefatše la Boraro ho isa ho li-watts tse limilione tse 'maloa tse sebelisoang bakeng sa phepelo ea motlakase metseng e meholo. 3. Mefuta e meholo e arotsoe ka ho theoha ho matla, ho kenyeletsoa liteishene tsa motlakase oa metsi tsa mofuta oa letamo, liteishene tsa motlakase oa metsi tsa mofuta oa diversion, liteishene tsa motlakase oa metsi tse kopantsoeng, liteishene tsa motlakase oa maqhubu a leoatle, le liteishene tsa motlakase oa polokelo tse pompetsoeng. Ho latela tekanyo ea taolo ea phallo, hore na ho na le liteishene tsa motlakase oa metsi tse laolang kapa che. Ho latela mofuta oa mohloli oa metsi, hangata o bitsoa seteishene sa motlakase oa metsi se tloaelehileng, se sebelisang linoka tsa tlhaho, matša le mehloli e meng ea metsi ho hlahisa motlakase. Liteishene tsa motlakase oa metsi li ka aroloa ka li-watts tse telele (tse fetang limithara tse 70), tse mahareng (limithara tse 15-70), le tse tlase (tse ka tlase ho limithara tse 15) ho latela hlooho ea tsona ea ts'ebeliso. Ho latela bokhoni bo kentsoeng ba liteishene tsa motlakase oa metsi, li ka aroloa ka li-watts tse kholo, tse mahareng le tse nyane tsa motlakase oa metsi. Ka kakaretso, liteishene tse nyane tsa motlakase oa metsi tse nang le bokhoni bo kentsoeng ba li-kilowatt tse ka tlase ho 5000 li bitsoa liteishene tse nyane tsa motlakase oa metsi, tse nang le bokhoni bo kentsoeng pakeng tsa li-kilowatt tse 5000 le 100000 li bitsoa liteishene tsa motlakase oa metsi tse mahareng, 'me tse nang le bokhoni bo kentsoeng ba li-kilowatt tse fetang 100000 li bitsoa liteishene tse kholo tsa motlakase oa metsi kapa liteishene tse kholo tsa motlakase oa metsi. 4, Advantage hydropower ke mohloli oa eneji e hloekileng e sa feleng le e nchafatsoang. Leha ho le joalo, e le ho sebelisa eneji ea metsi ea tlhaho ka katleho, ho hlokahala ho aha meaho ea hydraulic ka letsoho e ka tsepamisang phallo ea metsi le ho laola phallo, joalo ka matamo, liphaephe tsa ho khelosa le li-culvert. Ka hona, matsete a projeke a maholo 'me potoloho ea kaho e telele. Empa tlhahiso ea motlakase oa metsi e na le bokhoni bo phahameng, litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa tlhahiso ea motlakase, ho qala ka potlako ha yuniti, le phetoho e bonolo. Ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea phallo ea metsi ea tlhaho, e angoa haholo ke maemo a tlhaho. Hangata motlakase o tswang ka metsi ke karolo ya bohlokwa ya tshebediso e felletseng ya mehlodi ya metsi, e etsang sistimi e felletseng ya tshebediso ya mehlodi ya metsi ka ho tsamaisa dikepe, temo ya dihlapi, nosetso, taolo ya dikgohola, bohahlaudi, jj. Motlakase o tswang ka metsi ke mohlodi wa eneji e ntjhafatswang o nang le tshusumetso e fokolang tikolohong. Ntle le ho fana ka motlakase o theko e tlase, o boetse o na le melemo e latelang: ho laola dikgohola, ho fana ka metsi a nosetso, ho ntlafatsa ho tsamaya ha dinoka, le ho ntlafatsa dipalangwang, phepelo ya motlakase, le moruo sebakeng seo, haholoholo ho ntshetsa pele bohahlaudi le temo ya dihlapi.
Nako ea poso: Mmesa-26-2023
