Hydropower ke theknoloji ea mahlale e ithutang litaba tsa tekheniki le moruo joalo ka kaho ea boenjiniere le taolo ea tlhahiso. Matla a metsi a sebelisoang ho fehla motlakase o fehlang ka metsi ke haholo matla a ka bang teng a bolokiloeng ka metsing. Bakeng sa ho fetolela matla a fehloang ka metsi ho ba motlakase, ho hloka hore ho hahoe mefuta e fapaneng ea liteishene tse fehlang matla a metsi.
1. Selelekela sa motheo: Tšebeliso ea matla a metsi a linōka, matša, joalo-joalo. A sebakeng se phahameng 'me a na le matla a ka bang teng, a phallang ho ea libakeng tse tlaase le ho fetola matla a ka bang teng ho matla a kinetic a turbine ea metsi, e sebelisoang e le matla a ho khanna jenereithara ho hlahisa matla a motlakase. Ho sebelisa matla a hydraulic (ka hlooho ea metsi) ho khanna ho potoloha ha mochini oa hydraulic (turbine ea metsi), ho fetola matla a metsi hore e be matla a mochini. Haeba mofuta o mong oa mochini (jenereithara) o hokahantsoe le mochini oa metsi, o ka hlahisa motlakase ha mochini o ntse o potoloha, ebe o fetolela matla a mochini hore e be matla a motlakase. Ka mantsoe a mang, motlakase oa metsi ke mokhoa oa ho fetola matla a ka bang teng a metsi hore e be matla a mochini, ebe matla a motlakase. Ka lebaka la matla a tlase a phepelo ea motlakase o hlahisoang ke lifeme tsa motlakase oa metsi, haeba o tla fetisetsoa ho basebelisi ba hole, o hloka ho matlafatsoa ka li-transformer, ebe o fetisetsoa libakeng tse nang le basebelisi ka mehala ea phetisetso ea moea, e qetelle e fokotsoe ho ba motlakase o loketseng basebelisi ba malapa le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tsa feme, ebe o fetisetsoa lifemeng le malapeng a fapaneng ka mehala ea phepelo. 2, Molao-motheo oa ho hlahisa matla a motlakase oa metsi ke ho sebelisa ho theoha ha boemo ba metsi ho sebelisana le jenereithara ea hydroelectric bakeng sa phepelo ea motlakase, ke hore, ho fetolela matla a ka bang teng a metsi hore e be matla a mochini a hydraulic turbine, ebe o sebelisa matla a mochini ho khanna jenereithara ho fumana matla a motlakase. Bo-ramahlale ba sebelisitse maemo a tlhaho ka nepo joalo ka boenjiniere ba phallo le fisiks ea mochini ka ho sebelisa boemo bo ntseng bo theoha ba metsi. 'Me li bapisitsoe ka hloko ho fihlela tlhahiso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea motlakase bakeng sa batho ho sebelisa motlakase o sa silafatsong o theko e tlase. Metsi a tlaase, ka lehlakoreng le leng, a monya khanya ea letsatsi ’me a potoloha Lefatšeng la Labohlano, ka hona a khutlisetsa mehloli e phahameng ea metsi.
Ho fihlela joale, tekanyo ea matla a fehloang ka metsi e fapana ho tloha ho li-watts tse mashome a ’maloa tse sebelisoang libakeng tsa mahaeng tsa Lefatše la Boraro ho ea ho li-watt tse limilione tse ’maloa tse sebelisetsoang phepelo ea motlakase metseng e meholo. 3. Mefuta e meholo e arotsoe ka ho theoha ho hoholo, ho kenyeletsoa liteishene tse fehlang matla a metsi a mofuta oa letamo, liteishene tsa ho fehla matla a metsi ka mofuta oa diversion, liteishene tse fehlang motlakase ka metsi a nyalisitsoeng, liteishene tse fehlang matla a maqhubu a metsi, le liteishene tsa ho fehla motlakase ka pompo. Ho ipapisitsoe le boemo ba taolo ea ho phalla ha metsi, hore na ho na le liteishene tse laolang tsa motlakase oa metsi kapa che. Ho ea ka mofuta oa mohloli oa metsi, hangata o bitsoa setsi sa motlakase se tloaelehileng, se sebelisang linoka, matša le mehloli e meng ea metsi ho fehla motlakase. Liteishene tsa motlakase oa metsi li ka aroloa ka lihlooho tse phahameng (ho feta limithara tse 70), hlooho e bohareng (limithara tse 15-70), le lihlooho tse tlase (ka tlase ho limithara tse 15) ho latela lihlooho tsa tšebeliso ea tsona. Ho latela bokhoni bo kentsoeng ba liteishene tse fehlang motlakase ka metsi, li ka aroloa ka liteishene tse kholo, tse mahareng le tse nyane tse fehlang motlakase. Ka kakaretso, liteishene tse nyane tse fehlang motlakase ka metsi tse nang le matla a ka tlase ho 5000 kilowatts li bitsoa liteishene tse nyane tsa matla a fehloa ka metsi, tse nang le matla a kentsoeng lipakeng tsa 5000 le 100000 li-kilowatts li bitsoa liteishene tse fehlang matla a metsi a mahareng, 'me tse kentsoeng matla a fetang 100000 kilowatts li bitsoa liteishene tse kholo tsa hydropower kapa gisant. 4, Advantage hydropower ke mohloli o sa cheng le o ka nchafatsoang oa matla a hloekileng. Leha ho le joalo, molemong oa ho sebelisa matla a tlhaho a metsi ka nepo, hoa hlokahala ho aha meaho ea haeteroliki e ka tsepamisang phallo ea metsi le ho laola phallo ea metsi, joalo ka matamo, liphaephe tsa phaposo le likotopo tsa metsi. Ka hona, letsete la morero le leholo mme potoloho ea kaho e telele. Empa ho fehla motlakase ka metsi ho na le ts'ebetso e phahameng haholo, litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa ho fehla motlakase, ho qala yuniti e potlakileng, le phetoho e bonolo. Ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea phallo ea metsi a tlhaho, e ameha haholo ke maemo a tlhaho. Hydropower hangata ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea tšebeliso e felletseng ea mehloli ea metsi, ho theha sistimi e felletseng ea tšebeliso ea mehloli ea metsi ka likepe, temo ea metsing, nosetso, taolo ea likhohola, bohahlauli, joalo-joalo. Ntle le ho fana ka motlakase o theko e tlaase, e boetse e na le melemo e latelang: ho laola likhohola, ho fana ka metsi a nosetso, ho ntlafatsa tsamaiso ea linōka, le ho ntlafatsa lipalangoang, phepelo ea motlakase le moruo sebakeng sena, haholo-holo ho ntlafatsa bohahlauli le temo ea metsing.
Nako ea poso: Apr-26-2023
