Matla ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho se nke lehlakore ha carbon ho Carbon Peak. Lilemong tse peli tse fetileng ho tloha ha Mongoli-Kakaretso Xi Jinping a etsa phatlalatso e kholo mabapi le ho se nke lehlakore ha khabone sehlohlolong sa khabone, mafapha ohle a amehang libakeng tse fapaneng a ithutile ka botlalo le ho kenya tšebetsong moea oa lipuo le litaelo tsa Mongoli-Kakaretso oa Xi Jinping, 'me ka hloko a phethahatsa liqeto le deployments ea Komiti e Khōlō ea Mokha le Lekhotla la Naha le mosebetsi oa ho fetola ho se nke lehlakore ha khabone ho isa tlhorong ea khabone. matla a 'nile a khothaletsoa ka mafolofolo, ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng le ka tlhophiso, 'me ho fihletsoe liphello tse tsotehang.
1. Potlakisa nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea matla a se nang mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale
(1) Matla a macha a ile a boloka khōlo e potlakileng. Theha le ho kenya ts'ebetsong moralo le moralo bakeng sa metheo e meholo ea matla a moea a matla a moea a shebileng mahoatata, Gobi le libaka tsa mahoatata. Kakaretso ea tekanyo e reriloeng e ka bang limilione tse 450 tsa kilowatts. Hajwale, sehlopha sa pele sa diprojeke tse 95 milione tsa dikilowatt di se di qadile kaho, mme sehlopha sa bobedi sa lenane la diprojeke se se se ntshitswe. Ntlafatsa mosebetsi oa pele le ho hlophisa le ho rera sehlopha sa boraro sa merero ea motheo. Tsoela pele ho nts'etsapele projeke ea tlhahlobo ea ntlafatso ea photovoltaic marulelong a setereke sohle. Ho tloha mafelong a Phuptjane selemong sena, sekala se ngolisitsoeng se ngolisitsoeng sa morero oa naha oa teko e bile li-kilowatt tse limilione tse 66.15. Khothaletsa ka tlhophiso kaho ea metheo ea matla a fehloang a tsoang kantle ho naha Hloahloeng ea Shandong, Nōka ea Yangtze Delta, Fujian e ka boroa, Guangdong e ka bochabela le Koung ea Beibu. Ho tloha ka 2020, matla a kentsoeng a matla a moea a sa tsoa eketsoa le matla a letsatsi a feta li-kilowatt tse limilione tse 100 bakeng sa lilemo tse peli tse latellanang, e leng karolo ea 60% ea matla ohle a sa tsoa kenngoa a ho fehla matla ka selemo. Nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng ea tlhahiso ea matla a biomass, ho tloha bofelong ba Phupu selemong sena, matla a kentsoeng a ho fehla matla a biomass e ne e le li-kilowatt tse limilione tse 39.67. Sebetsa le mafapha a amehang ho etsa lipatlisiso ka mafolofolo le ho ts'ehetsa nts'etsopele ea matla a mocheso oa mocheso le mocheso o sa sebeliseng lijo. Khothaletsa tlhahiso ea liteko tsa indasteri ea polante ea pele ea lehae ea boithuto ea cellulose mafura a ethanol ka tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ea lithane tse 30,000. Ho fanoe ka Moralo oa Nako e Bohareng le oa Nako e Telele bakeng sa Ntlafatso ea Indasteri ea Matla a Haedrojene (2021-2035). Ka 2021, tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ea matla a macha e tla feta 1 trillion kWh ka lekhetlo la pele.
(2) Kaho ea merero e tloaelehileng ea ho fehla motlakase ka metsi e tsoetse pele butle-butle. Ho hokahanya ntshetsopele ya motlakase o fehlwang ka metsi le tshireletso ya tikoloho, le ho kgothalletsa ka matla moralo wa matla a fehlwang ka metsi le kaho ya diporojeke tse kgolo tse fehlwang ka metsi dibakeng tsa dinoka tse ka hodimo tse kang hodimo ho Noka ya Jinsha, dikgutlo tse mahareng tsa Noka ya Yalong, le dikgutlo tse hodimo tsa Noka ya Yellow. Litsi tsa Wudongde le Lianghekou Hydropower Station li ile tsa kengoa tšebetsong ka botlalo. Seteishene sa Motlakase oa Motlakase oa Motlakase oa Baihetan se ile sa phethoa le ho kengoa tšebetsong ka likarolo tse 10 pele ho mafelo a Phato selemong sena. Morero oa Seteishene sa Motlakase oa Motlakase oa Motlakase oa Motlakase oa Motlakase oa Jinsha oa Jinsha Xulong o amohetsoe hore o ahoe mathoasong a Phuptjane selemong sena. Ho tloha ka 2021 ho isa Phuptjane selemong sena, ho se ho qadilwe dikilowate tse dimilione tse 6 tsa motlakase o tlwaelehileng wa metsi. Ho tloha mafelong a Phuptjane monongwaha, matla a naha a kentsweng a fehlwang ka metsi a fihletse dikilowate tse ka bang dimilione tse 360, keketseho ya dikilowate tse ka bang dimilione tse 20 ho feta ka 2020, mme hoo e ka bang 50% ya maikemisetso a ho eketsa dikilowatt tse dimilione tse 40 nakong ya “Leano la Dilemo tse Mehlano” e se e phethilwe.
(3) Matla a nyutlelie a boloka lebelo le tsitsitseng la kaho. Ka mafolofolo le ka tlhophiso ho ntshetsapele kaho ya matla a nyutlelie tlasa motheo wa ho netefatsa polokeho. Hualong No. 1, morero oa pontšo oa Guohe No. 1, morero oa pontšo ea mocheso o phahameng oa khase o pholileng le merero e meng e ntseng e hahoa e khothalletsoa tlas'a motheo oa ho netefatsa boleng. Ka January 2021, Fuqing No. 5, qubu ea pele ea lefatše ea Hualong No. 1, e ile ea phethoa ’me ea qala ho sebetsa. Ho tloha ka Phupu monongwaha, naha ya heso e na le diyuniti tse 77 tsa matla a nyutlelie tse ntseng di sebetsa le tse ntseng di ahuwa, tse nang le matla a kentsweng a dikilowate tse dimilione tse 83.35.
Khatelo-pele e ntle e entsoe ntlafatsong e hloekileng le e hloahloa ea matla a mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale
(1) Tsoelo-pele e hloekileng le e sebetsang ea mashala e ntse e tsoela pele ho teba. Fana ka ho bapala ka botlalo karolo ea matla a mashala le mashala ho ts'ehetsa le ho netefatsa phetoho e tala le khabone e tlase ea matla. Tsoela pele ho etsa mosebetsi o motle ho "matebele a kopantsoeng" a ho eketsa tlhahiso ea mashala le ho netefatsa phepelo, ho kenya ts'ebetsong ts'ireletso ea mashala le tsamaiso ea boikarabelo ba phepelo, ho tsitsisa leano la tiisetso ea phepelo ea mashala, ho matlafatsa kemiso ea naha ea tlhahiso ea mashala, le ho tsoela pele ho lokolla bokhoni ba tlhahiso e tsoetseng pele ho eketsa tlhahiso ea mashala ka katleho le butle-butle. Ho etsa lipatlisiso le ho khothaletsa pontšo ea teko ea ho hlopha le ho sebelisoa ha mashala maemong a tlaase. Tlanya ka botlalo matla a mashala a phahameng a hlahisoang. Ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng le o hlophisehileng o khothalletsa ho felisoa ha bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea morao-rao indastering ea matla a mashala. Ka 2021, motlakase o fehloang ka mashala o tla nka karolo e ka tlase ho 50% ea matla a kentsoeng, o hlahise 60% ea motlakase oa naha, 'me o tla etsa 70% ea mesebetsi ea tlhoro. Kenya ts'ebetsong "likamano tse tharo" tsa ho boloka matla a mashala le phokotso ea khabone, ho feto-fetoha ha maemo le phetoho ea mocheso. Ka 2021, li-kilowatt tse limilione tse 240 tsa phetoho li phethiloe. Ho raloa motheo o motle bakeng sa pakane eo.
(2) Tsoelo-pele ea boleng bo holimo ea oli le khase e tsoetse pele. Khothaletsa ka tieo leano la tšebetso la lilemo tse supileng bakeng sa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea oli le khase, le ho eketsa ka matla matla a lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea oli le khase. Ka 2021, tlhahiso ea oli e sa tsoakoang e tla ba lithane tse limilione tse 199, e seng e tsitsitse le ho khutla hape ka lilemo tse tharo tse latellanang, 'me tlhahiso ea khase ea tlhaho e tla ba li-cubic metres tse limilione tse likete tse 207.6, ka keketseho ea li-cubic metres tse fetang limilione tse likete tse 10 ka lilemo tse hlano tse latellanang. Ho akofisa ntshetsopele e kgolo ya mehlodi e sa tlwaelehang ya oli le kgase. Ka 2021, tlhahiso ea oli ea shale e tla ba lithane tse limilione tse 2,4, khase ea shale e tla ba li-cubic metres tse limilione tse likete tse 23, 'me tšebeliso ea coalbed methane e tla ba li-cubic metres tse limilione tse likete tse 7,7, ho boloka lebelo le letle la kholo. Ho potlakisa kaho ea meralo ea motheo ea oli le khase, ho khothaletsa kaho ea lipeipi tsa kutu ea oli le khase le merero ea bohlokoa ea khokahano, le ho ntlafatsa le ho feta "marang-rang a le mong a naha". Bokhoni ba ho boloka khase ea tlhaho bo ntlafalitsoe ka potlako, 'me tekanyo ea polokelo ea khase e imenne habeli ho feta lilemo tse tharo. Khothaletsa ka tieo ho kengoa tšebetsong ha lintlafatso tsa boleng ba oli e hloekisitsoeng, le ho netefatsa ka nepo phepelo ea peterole le diesel tse fihlelang maemo a tlamang a naha a mohato oa botšelela. Tšebeliso ea oli le khase e tla boloka kholo e lekaneng, 'me tšebeliso ea oli le khase e tla nka karolo ea 27.4% ea tšebeliso ea matla a mantlha ka 2021.
(3) Ho potlakisa ts'ebetsong ea phetisetso e hloekileng ea matla a ho qetela. Maano a kang "Maikutlo a Tataiso mabapi le Phatlalatso e Tsoelang Pele ea Phatlalatso ea Motlakase" e ile ea hlahisoa ho khothaletsa ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea ho kenya motlakase libakeng tsa bohlokoa tse kang indasteri, lipalangoang, kaho, temo le libaka tsa mahaeng. Khothaletsa ka botebo ho futhumatsa ho hloekileng sebakeng se ka leboea. Qetellong ea 2021, sebaka sa ho futhumatsa se hloekileng se tla fihla ho lisekoere-mithara tse limilione tse likete tse 15.6, se nang le mocheso o hloekileng oa 73.6%, o fetang sepheo se reriloeng, 'me o nke sebaka sa lithane tse fetang limilione tse 150 tsa mashala a hlephileng ka kakaretso, e tla thusa ho fokotsa khatello ea PM2.5 le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba moea Tekanyo ea monehelo e feta karolo ea boraro. Ho potlakisa khaho ea lisebelisoa tsa ho tjhaja likoloi tsa motlakase. Ho tloha ka Phupu selemong sena, ho se ho hahiloe liyuniti tse limilione tse 3.98, tseo ha e le hantle li ka fihlelang litlhoko tsa nts'etsopele ea likoloi tsa motlakase. Pontšo ea tšebeliso e felletseng ea matla a nyutlelie e entsoe. Kakaretso ea sebaka sa ho futhumatsa sa mekhahlelo ea pele le ea bobeli ea morero oa ho futhumatsa matla a nyutlelie Haiyang, Profinseng ea Shandong e fetile lisekoere-mithara tse limilione tse 5, ho hlokomela "kabelo e feletseng" ea ho futhumatsa matla a nyutlelie motseng oa Haiyang. Morero oa ho futhumatsa matla a nyutlelie oa Zhejiang Qinshan o kentsoe tšebetsong ka molao, ea ba projeke ea pele ea ho futhumatsa matla a nyutlelie sebakeng se ka boroa.
Khatelo-pele e tsitsitseng kahong ea litsamaiso tse tharo tse ncha tsa motlakase
(1) Bokhoni ba ho aba mehloli ea matla ho pholletsa le liprofinse bo ’nile ba ntlafatsoa butle-butle. Qetella le ho kenya ts'ebetsong Yazhong-Jiangxi, Northern Shaanxi-Wuhan, Baihetan-Jiangsu UHV DC le liteishene tse ling tsa phetisetso ea motlakase lipakeng tsa liprofinse, potlakisa nts'etsopele ea merero ea DC e hokahantsoeng ea Baihetan-Zhejiang, Fujian-Guangdong, le Nanyang-Jingmen-Changsha, mocha o mong oa transmission-Wuhan le Zhumadian-Wuhan. Kaho ea merero ea UHV AC liprofinseng le literekeng e khothaletsa ka mafolofolo "litsela tse tharo tsa AC le tse robong tse otlolohileng" tsa phetisetso ea motlakase liprofinseng. Hokahanya le ho ntshetsapele kgokelo ya sehlopha sa pele sa diprojeke tse kgolo tsa matla a moya a photovoltaic ho marangrang. Qetellong ea 2021, matla a phetiso ea matla a naha ho tloha bophirima ho ea bochabela a tla fihla ho li-kilowatts tse limilione tse 290, e leng keketseho ea li-kilowatts tse limilione tse 20 papisong le bofelong ba 2020.
(2) Bokhoni bo feto-fetohang ba tsamaiso ea matla bo ntlafalitsoe haholo. Khothaletsa phetoho ea maemo a matla a mashala. Qetellong ea 2021, ho kengoa ts'ebetsong ha phetoho ea maemo ho tla feta 100 milione ea kilowatts. Theha le ho fana ka Moralo oa Ntshetsopele ea Nako e Bohareng le e Telele bakeng sa Polokelo e Pompetsoeng (2021-2035), ho khothaletsa tokiso ea meralo ea ho kengoa tšebetsong ke liprofinse le moralo oa tumello ea mosebetsi bakeng sa projeke ea “Leano la Lilemo tse Hlano”, le ho potlakisa kaho ea merero e baballang tikoloho, e nang le maemo a holileng, le a nang le matšoao a matle. Ho tloha bofelong ba Phuptjane selemong sena, matla a kentsoeng a polokelo ea pompo e fihlile ho li-kilowatt tse limilione tse 42. "Leano la 14 la Lilemo tse Hlano" Leano le Lecha la Phethahatso ea Polokelo ea Motlakase le ile la ntšoa ho potlakisa ho fapanyetsana, ho theha indasteri, le nts'etsopele e kholo ea polokelo e ncha ea matla. Qetellong ea 2021, matla a kentsoeng a polokelo ea matla a macha a tla feta li-kilowatts tse limilione tse 4. Khothaletsa kaho e potlakileng ea merero ea matla a khase e tšoanelehang. Qetellong ea Phuptjane selemong sena, matla a kentsoeng a ho fehla matla a khase ea tlhaho a ne a ka ba li-kilowatts tse limilione tse 110, e leng keketseho e ka bang limilione tse 10 tsa kilowatts papisong le 2020. Tataisa libaka tsohle ho etsa mosebetsi o motle karabelong ea tlhokahalo ho fokotsa ka nepo tlhokeho ea mojaro o phahameng.
Litiisetso tse 'nè tsa tšehetso ea phetoho ea matla li tsoela pele ho matlafala
(1) Ho potlakisa tsoelopele ea mahlale a mahlale a matla. Litlhahiso tse ngata tse kholo tsa saense le thekenoloji li fihletse likhatelopele tse ncha, li tseba theknoloji e ikemetseng ea moloko oa boraro oa matla a nyutlelie, li hahile yuniti ea matla a metsi a kilowate e milione e nang le matla a maholohali a yuniti e le 'ngoe lefatšeng, le ho nchafatsa rekoto ea lefats'e bakeng sa katleho ea phetoho ea lisele tsa photovoltaic makhetlo a mangata. Kgatelopele e ntjha e entswe ho R&D le tshebediso ya dithekenoloji tse ngata tse ntjha tsa eneji tse kang ho boloka eneji le matla a haedrojene. Ntlafatsa mokhoa oa boqapi, theha le ho fana ka "Leano la Lilemo tse Mehlano bakeng sa Boiqapelo ba Saense le Theknoloji Lefapheng la Matla", lekola mekhoa ea tlhahlobo le tlhahlobo bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa pele (sete) tsa lisebelisoa tse kholo tsa tekheniki sebakeng sa eneji, le ho hlophisa ho thakholoa ha sehlopha sa pele sa matla a naha a R&D le lipolanete tsa boiqapelo nakong ea Leano la Lilemo Tse hlano.
(2) Phetoho ea tsamaiso ea matla le mochine li 'nile tsa teba ka ho tsoelang pele. E ntšitsoe le ho kenya tšebetsong “Maikutlo a Tataiso mabapi le Ho Potlakisa Kaho ea Tsamaiso ea Naha e Kopanetsoeng ea Maraka ea Motlakase”. Karabo ho moralo oa ts'ebetsong oa kaho ea 'maraka oa matla oa lebatooa le ka boroa. Kaho ea 'maraka oa libaka tsa motlakase e ile ea khothaletsoa ka mafolofolo le butle-butle,' me lihlopha tse tšeletseng tsa pele tsa libaka tsa liteko tsa motlakase ho kenyeletsoa le Shanxi li ile tsa etsa ts'ebetso e sa sitisoeng ea ho rarolla mathata. Halofong ya pele ya selemo sena, motlakase wa dikgwebo tsa naha o shebaneng le mebaraka e ne e le ditrilione tse 2.5 kWh, e leng keketseho ya selemo le selemo ya 45.8%, e etsang karolo e ka bang 61% ya tshebediso ya motlakase ya setjhaba sohle. Ho etsa liphetoho tse ntseng li eketseha tsa beng ba tsona lefapheng la matla a macha, lipatlisiso le ho tseba merero e mengata ea bohlokoa. Khothaletsa ntlafatso ea theko ea mashala, theko ea motlakase, le mokhoa oa ho theha litheko tsa polokelo, ho lokolla theko ea matla a mashala holim'a gridi ea motlakase, ho hlakola theko ea thekiso ea likhalase tsa indasteri le tsa khoebo, le ho khothaletsa basebelisi ba indasteri le khoebo ho kena 'marakeng. Ho potlakisa ho theoa le ho nchafatsa Molao oa Matla, Molao oa Mashala le Molao oa Matla a Motlakase.
(3) Tiisetso ea leano bakeng sa phetoho ea matla e ntlafalitsoe le ho feta. E ntšitsoe le ho kenya ts'ebetsong "Leano la Ts'ebetsong bakeng sa ho Khothaletsa Phetoho ea Matla a Botala le Khabone e Tlase ho Etsa Mosebetsi o Motle oa ho Phahamisa Khabone", "Maikutlo a Ntlafatso ea Sisteme, Mechanism, le Mehato ea Leano bakeng sa Phetoho ea Matla a Botala le Khabone e Tlase" le Leano la Ts'ebetsong bakeng sa ho Phahamisa Khabone ka har'a Mashala, Oli le Phatlalatso ea Khase ea Tlhaho "Indasteri ea Mashala, Oli le Ts'ebetso ea Tlhaho" Ntlafatso ea boleng bo holimo ea Matla a Macha Mehleng e Mecha”, e khothaletsa ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng phetoho ea matla a tala le khabone e tlase, 'me e theha tumellano ea leano Matlafatsa lipatlisiso mabapi le litaba tsa bohlokoa le tse thata, le ho hlophisa mekha e amehang ho etsa lipatlisiso tse tebileng mabapi le litsela tsa phetoho ea matla.
Mohatong o latelang, Khomishene ea Naha ea Nts'etsopele le Liphetoho le Tsamaiso ea Naha ea Matla li tla kenya tšebetsong moea oa Kopano ea Naha ea Bo-20 ea Mokha oa Makomonisi oa China, 'me e tsoelepele ho khothaletsa "Maikutlo a ho Kenyelletsa Khopolo e Ncha ea Nts'etsopele le ho Etsa Mosebetsi o Motle oa ho se nke lehlakore ha Carbon Peak" le "Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso ea Phethahatso ea Peak" Selemong se Tlang se tla khothaletsa ts'ebetsong ea letoto la maano a ho phahama ha khabone lekaleng la eneji Ho tsoa maemong a nnete a naha, re tlameha ho latela molao-motheo oa ho beha ts'ebetso pele, ho theha pele ho robeha, le moralo oa kakaretso, ka mafolofolo le ka tlhophiso ho khothaletsa phetoho ea matla a tala le khabone e tlase motheong oa ho netefatsa phepelo ea matla le ts'ireletso ea khabone ka matla, ho ntlafatsa phepelo ea matla a khabone le ntlafatso ea matla. Indasteri ea mashala Ntlafatsa motsoako le matla a macha, matlafatsa tlhahiso ea thekenoloji ea matla le phetoho ea tsamaiso le mechine, le ho fana ka tiisetso ea matla a tala, a tlaase, a sireletsehileng le a ka tšeptjoang bakeng sa ho finyella sepheo sa ho se nke lehlakore ha carbon tlhōrōng ea carbon joalokaha ho reriloe.
Nako ea poso: Dec-06-2022
