simba remagetsi renyika yangu rinonyanya kuumbwa nemagetsi ekupisa, simba remvura, simba renyukireya uye simba idzva. Iyo ine marasha-akavakirwa, akawanda-esimba anopindirana nemagetsi emagetsi ekugadzira system. Kushandiswa kwemarasha kwenyika yangu kunokwana makumi maviri nenomwe muzana epasi rose, uye kubuda kwayo kwekabhoni dhayokisaidhi kuri pachinzvimbo chechipiri munyika mushure meUnited States. Ndiyo imwe yevashoma vashoma vateki vesimba remarasha pasi rose. MunaGunyana 2015, iyo "Small Hydropower Ecological Role Science Forum" yakanyatso kurudzira kuti diki simba remvura inzvimbo yakakosha yesimba rakachena uye rinogonekazve. Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwemagetsi emagetsi, kusvika pakupera kwegore ra2014, diki yenyika yangu yekuvandudza magetsi emvura yaive inosvika 41%, yakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura mwero wekuvandudza simba remvura munyika dzakabudirira muEurope neUnited States. Parizvino, danho rekusimudzira muSwitzerland neFrance 97%, Spain neItaly 96%, Japan 84%, uye United States 73%.
(Kwakabva: WeChat public account "E Small Hydropower" ID: exshuidian Munyori: Ye Xingdi, nhengo yeboka renyanzvi reInternational Small Hydropower Center uye mutungamiri weGuizhou Private Hydropower Industry Chamber of Commerce)
Parizvino, nyika yangu diki hydropower yakaiswa simba inosvika 100 miriyoni kilowatts, uye gore negore simba rekugadzira rinenge 300 bhiriyoni kilowatt-maawa. Kana pasina chaizvo simba remvura, nyika yangu ichavimba zvakanyanya nefossil simba, izvo zvinozokonzeresa kurasikirwa kukuru mukuchengetedza simba renyika yangu, kuderedzwa kwegreenhouse gasi kubuda, kuderedzwa kwekusvibiswa kwemhepo kwezvakatipoteredza, kuvandudzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, optimization yesimba rekugadzirisa dhizaini, kuchengetedza kwesimba rekutapurirana zviwanikwa uye kuderedzwa kwekurasikirwa kwesimba rekusimudzira hupfumi, kusimudzira kusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika, kusimudzira kusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika, kusimudzira kusimudzira hupfumi, kusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika. kufambira mberi kwemagetsi madiki emvura munyika.
1. Kana nyika yangu isina simba remvura shoma, inorasikirwa neiyo yakanakisa renewable simba
Mukuedza kwemazuva ano kutarisana nedambudziko remagetsi, dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza uye dambudziko remamiriro ekunze, kana pasina hydropower duku, nyika yangu icharasikirwa nepamusoro pesimba rinogona kudzorerwa.
The International Clean Energy Development Report inotaura zvakajeka kuti "Hupenyu Cycle Assessment of Environmental Loads of Different Energy Generation Systems" yakatora mhedziso dzinotevera dzesainzi kubva mukuongororwa kweiyo yakazara kutenderera cheni yakagadzwa nemigodhi yesimba, kufambisa, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, uye marara:
Chekutanga, mu "Power Generation System Emission Pollution Output List", hydropower ine yakanakisa indekisi (yakaderera yakazara inosvibisa emission index);
Chechipiri, mu "Impact of Different Energy Generation Systems paHutano Hwevanhu munguva yeHupenyu Cycle", hydropower ine zvishoma zvishoma (simba rinopisa 49.71%, simba idzva 3.36%, hydropower 0.25%);
Chechitatu, mu "Impact of Different Energy Generation Systems paEcosystem Quality panguva yeHupenyu Cycle", hydropower ine zvishoma zvishoma (simba rinopisa 5.11%, simba idzva 0.55%, hydropower 0.07%);
Chechina, mu "Impact of Different Energy Generation Systems on Resource Consumption panguva yeHupenyu Cycle", hydropower ine diki mhedzisiro (mumushumo wekuongorora, zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagetsi emvura hazvisi kungopfuura simba rechinyakare uye simba renyukireya, asiwo nekure kune akasiyana siyana emagetsi masosi pane epakati simba remhepo uye simba resolar riri nani. hydropower. Naizvozvo, pakati pezvese magetsi, diki simba remvura parizvino ndiro rakanakisa simba.
2. Kana pasina simba remvura diki munyika yangu, huwandu hwakawanda hwemarasha uye zviwanikwa zvevanhu zvichaparara.
Zvinoenderana nenhamba, panguva ye "12th Five-Year Plan" nguva, kuwedzera kwemagetsi emagetsi ekumaruwa akadarika 1 trillion kWh, zvakaenzana nekuchengetedza 320 miriyoni matani emarasha akajairwa, ndiko kuti, avhareji yegore rekugadzira simba rinopfuura 200 bhiriyoni kWh, kwete chete kuchengetedza anopfuura 64 miriyoni matani ekuchengetedza pagore, matani ekuchengetedza uye matani ekuchengetedza anodiwawo kutakura matani ekuchengetedza. yemarasha aya, kuchengetedza simba rinodiwa pakugadzira magetsi, kusimuka nekudonha kwemagetsi, uye kugadzira, kuisa uye kushanda kwemidziyo yekufambisa yemarasha aya, nekuchengetedza simba rinodiwa pakudya, zvipfeko, dzimba uye kutakura kwevashandi vanobatanidzwa mune zvese zviri pamusoro pezviitiko. Kuwanda kwekushandiswa kwesimba kwakachengetwa kwakakura zvikuru kupfuura avhareji yegore negore zviwanikwa zvemarasha zvakachengetwa.
Nechirongwa chegumi nematatu cheMakore mashanu, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kwepagore kwemagetsi madiki emvura akawedzera kusvika pamabhiriyoni mazana matatu emakilowatt-maawa. Kana mashandisirwo ese esimba akatariswa, gore rega rega rekushandisa simba rakachengetwa rakaenzana nemamiriyoni zana ematani emarasha akajairwa. Kana pasina simba remvura diki, iyo "12th Five-Year Plan" uye "13th Five-Year Plan" ichadya inoda kusvika 900 miriyoni matani emarasha akajairwa, uye vimbiso kupasirese kuti "panosvika 2020, chikamu chesimba risiri-fossil musimba rekutanga rekushandisa munyika yangu richasvika 15%" ichava hurukuro isina chinhu.
3. Kana pasina simba remvura diki munyika yangu, kuburitsa gasi regreenhouse uye kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kuchawedzera zvakanyanya.
Zvinoenderana ne "2017 National Rural Hydropower Statistical Bulletin", gore negore kugadzirwa kwemagetsi ekumaruwa muna 2017 kwakafanana nekuchengetedza 76 miriyoni matani emarasha akajairwa, kuderedza kuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide nematani 190 miriyoni, uye kuderedza kuburitswa kwesarufa dioxide nematani anopfuura miriyoni imwe. Iro data rakakodzera rinoratidza kuti mutyairi uye akawedzera basa rekufambisa kwemafuta madiki ehydropower akaitwa kubva muna 2003 kusvika 2008 akagonesa varimi vanopfuura mazana masere ezviuru kuti vakwanise kutsiva mafuta emagetsi emvura uye kuchengetedza 3.5 miriyoni mu yesango. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti simba remvura diki rine mabhenefiti akakosha ezvakatipoteredza uye rinoita basa rakakura mukudzikisa kuburitswa kwegasi rinosvibisa uye kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kana pasina simba remagetsi diki, 100 miriyoni kilowatts emagetsi anotsiviwa neakawanda emagetsi emagetsi anopisa kana mafesheni emagetsi enyukireya ane simba rakaiswa remamiriyoni ekilowatts. Iyo nyukireya fission process yezvidyarwa zvemagetsi enyukireya inoperekedzwa nekugadzirwa kweradioactive nuclides, uye kune njodzi nemhedzisiro yekusunungurwa kukuru kune zvakatipoteredza. Kunewo matambudziko akadai sekushaikwa kwezvinhu zvenyukireya, tsvina yenyukireya, uye kuraswa kwezvicherwa zvemagetsi zvakaraswa mushure mekupera kweupenyu hwazvo. Pamusana pekupisa kwehuwandu hwemarasha, simba rinopisa richabudisa huwandu hwakawanda hweSO2, NOx, guruva, tsvina yemvura, uye tsvina yakasara, mvura yeasidhi ichawedzerwa zvakanyanya, zviwanikwa zvemvura zvichapedzwa zvakanyanya, uye nzvimbo yekugara kwevanhu ichatyisidzirwa zvikuru.
Chechina, kana pasina simba remvura diki munyika yangu, richawedzera mari yezvivakwa, kunetesa kugona kwesimba remagetsi kurwisa hondo nenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, uye kuwedzera kukuvadza kwekudzima kwemagetsi makuru.
Small hydropower ndiyo yakanyanya kukura uye inoshanda yakagovaniswa simba. Icho chiri pedyo zvikuru nemutoro, kureva, kuguma kwegridhi yemagetsi. Izvo hazvidi kuvaka girasi remagetsi rakakura kune kure-kure-yakakwirira-voltage kana ultra-high-voltage transmission. Inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kurasikirwa kwemutsara, kuchengetedza kutapurirana kwemagetsi uye kugovera kuvaka kwekudyara uye mutengo wekushandisa, uye kuwana yakakwira yakazara yakazara simba rekushandisa.
Kana pasina simba remagetsi diki remvura, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi echinyakare kuchatsiva makilowati angangoita miriyoni zana emagetsi emagetsi madiki akagoverwa pakupera kwevashandisi vanopfuura 47,000 munyika yose. Izvo zvinodikanwawo kuvaka akawanda anoenderana nhanho-kumusoro uye nhanho-pasi substations uye kutapurirana uye kugovera mitsara yemazinga akasiyana emagetsi, izvo zvinokonzeresa kushandiswa kukuru kwevhu, kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa, kushandiswa kwesimba, kushandiswa kwevashandi, kutapurirana uye kurasikirwa kwekuchinja, uye kutambisa mari.
Paunenge uchisangana nekukundikana kwehunyanzvi, njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, hondo dzevanhu uye zvimwe zvinhu, magidhi makuru emagetsi anowanzo kushaya simba uye kupera kwemagetsi kwakakura kunogona kuitika chero nguva. Panguva ino, akagovera madiki emagetsi emvura anogona kuumba asingaverengeki akazvimirira ega emagetsi, ayo ane isingaenzaniswi elasticity uye kusimba pane hombe magetsi magidhi uye Ultra-yakakwirira voltage, uye ane kuchengeteka uye kuvimbika kuri nani. Inogona kukwidziridza kuzadzikiswa kweiyo decentralized stainable power supply, inova yakakosha zvikuru.
Muna 2008 njodzi dzechando nechando uye kudengenyeka kwenyika kweWenchuan neYushu, simba rekukurumidzira remagetsi emagetsi emagetsi madiki raive rakatanhamara, rikava "mutambo wekupedzisira" kuvhenekera giredhi remagetsi redunhu. Iwo maguta nemisha yakagurwa kubva kune hombe yemagetsi grid uye yakanyura murima zvese zvinoenderana nediki simba remvura kuchengetedza magetsi uye kutsigira anti-aizi uye kudengenyeka kwenjodzi, zvichiratidza kuti madiki emagetsi ekumaruwa anoita basa risingadzoreki mukupindura njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, kutyisidzira kwehondo uye dzimwe njodzi.
5. Kana pasina simba remvura duku munyika yangu, richava nemigumisiro yakakura pane ecology yemunharaunda, kudzivirira mafashamo uye kuderedza njodzi, uye hupfumi hwemagariro evanhu, uye kuwedzera kuoma kwekuderedza urombo munzvimbo dzakashata dzemakomo.
Madiki emagetsi emvura "akapararira" munyika yese aine maitiro e "akawanda, madiki, uye anochinjika". Dzakawanda dzacho dzakavakwa munzvimbo dzine urombo dzine makomo, kumusoro kwenzizi dzine mihomba ine materu nenzizi dzine nyonganyonga. Kuchengetedzwa kwesimba kwemadziva avo uye kushandiswa kwesimba rekugadzira magetsi kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuyerera kwenzizi diki nepakati, kuderedza kuputika kwemvura yenzizi kumativi ese, uye kuvandudza huwandu hwemafashamo ekuchengetedza, izvo zvinodzivirira zvakanaka ecology kumativi ese uye kuderedza njodzi dzemafashamo kumativi ese erwizi. Semuyenzaniso, iyo Panxi diki yemvura muJinyun County, Zhejiang Province ine nzvimbo inobata ye97 square kilometers. Nekuda kwemateru uye kuyerera nekukurumidza, madhaka nemafashama uye kusanaya kwemvura kunoitika nguva nenguva. Kubva kuma1970, mushure mekuvakwa kwezviteshi zvinomwe zvePanxi cascade hydropower, izvo zvinonyatsozivikanwa kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, kuchengetedza ivhu nemvura kwave kuchiitwa zvinobudirira, uye njodzi dziri murwizi ruduku rwemvura dzakaderedzwa zvakanyanya.
Kunyanya muzana ramakore idzva, simba remagetsi madiki rakachinja zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pakugadzirisa dambudziko rekushaikwa kwemagetsi munzvimbo dzine makomo kusvika pakuvandudza mwero wemagetsi ekumaruwa, kukurumidza kukurumidza kwekupedza urombo munzvimbo dzine urombo, kufambisa hupfumi nemagariro enzvimbo dzekumaruwa dzine makomo, kushingaira kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza, uye kukurudzira kuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza kubuda. Muenzaniso we ecological cycle wekuchengetedza mvura yesango, simba rekugadzira mvura, uye magetsi ekugadzirisa masango zvishoma nezvishoma akaumbwa, achinyatsochengetedza zviwanikwa zvemasango emunharaunda kubva pakuparadzwa. United Nations nenhamba huru yenyika dzichiri kusimukira dzinokoshesa zvikuru basa guru renyika yangu ine simba remvura mukugadzirisa matambudziko ekumaruwa. Iyo inozivikanwa se "usiku pearl", "zuva diki" uye "basa rakanaka rinopisa tariro yemakomo" munzvimbo dzine makomo. Maindasitiri emumakomo anowanzo kusarira kumashure. Magetsi madiki emvura anogona kunyatsogadzirisa matambudziko emabasa evagari vemo. Zvichisanganiswa negwaro renyika rekuti “small hydropower precision poverty alleviation”, vagari vemumaruwa vazhinji vave vagoveri vadiki. Madiki emagetsi emvura ane kukosha kukuru mukupedza urombo nebudiriro munzvimbo dzine makomo. Mushure mekunge imwe dunhu muRuwa rweAnhui yamanikidza kuvharwa kwezvimwe zviteshi zvemagetsi muna 2017, vagari vazhinji vaive vasina mabasa vakachema, vamwe varimi vakadzokera kuurombo nehusiku humwe, uye vamwe vakatopererwa uye mhuri dzavo dzakadzikira.
6. Kana pasina simba remvura diki munyika yangu, mufananidzo wenyika yangu inotungamira nekusimudzira kuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi madiki pasi rose uchakuvadzwa zvakanyanya.
Zvakaitika kare, kubudirira kweChina uye ruzivo mukuvandudzwa kwemagetsi emagetsi madiki zvakarumbidzwa uye kurumbidzwa zvakanyanya nenharaunda dzepasirese. Kuitira kuti ruzivo rwenyika yangu mukuvandudzwa kwemagetsi madiki ive nerevo huru kune nyika dzepasirese, kunyanya nyika dzichiri kusimukira, United Nations International Small Hydropower Organisation yakamisa muzinda wayo, International Small Hydropower Center, muHangzhou, China.
Kubva payakavambwa, International Small Hydropower Center yakashanda nesimba kuendesa ruzivo rweChina uye tekinoroji kunyika dzichiri kusimukira, yakasimudzira danho rekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi emvura uye kuvaka kugona munyika idzi, yakasimudzira zvikuru kudyidzana kweChina nedzimwe nyika mukugadzira magetsi madiki emvura, uye yakapa zvipo zvakanaka mukuvandudza mararamiro evagari vemo, kusimudzira kugadzirwa nekuchengetedza nharaunda, uye yakave nesimba rakasiyana renyika. Nekudaro, panguva yekuwedzeredza kwemagetsi, mamwe madhipatimendi nehurumende dzenzvimbo hadzina kugadzirisa nesainzi simba remagetsi rinopedza uye rinosvibisa zvakanyanya, asi vakashandisa kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza sechikonzero chekuzvidza, kudzvinyirira, uye kunyange nechisimba kurasa uye kuvhara pasi simba remvura diki, iro rakave nemhedzisiro yakakura pakupona, uye kuvandudza kwakakomba kwesimba renyika yangu uye kukuvadza kwakakomba kwenyika yangu. yemagetsi emvura uye kuvandudzwa kwesimba rinowanikwazve.
Muchidimbu, simba remagetsi diki ndiro rinonyanya kushanda, rakachena uye rakasvibira rinogonekazve simba kumba nekune dzimwe nyika; inyanzvi yakavimbika yepfungwa yeMunyori Mukuru Xi yekuti "mvura yakasvibira nemakomo akasvibira makomo egoridhe nesirivheri"; iri kushandura zvechokwadi mvura dzakasvibira uye makomo akasvibira kuva makomo endarama nesirivheri anochengetedza zviwanikwa, anodzivirira mhoteredzo, kubvisa urombo uye kupfuma, uye kukurudzira budiriro yezvemari; ndiye “muchengeti” wemhoteredzo yezvakatipoteredza! Diki hydropower inoita basa rakakura mukudzikisa kukuvadzwa kwenzvimbo yepasi kunokonzerwa nekusimudzira uye kushandiswa kwechinyakare simba zviwanikwa, kunyanya kudzikisa kukanganiswa kwesimba rechinyakare pavanhu pachavo uye mhuka nezvirimwa zvisingawanzo. Mabhenefiti ekuvaka emagetsi madiki ehydropower anodarika zvipingamupinyi. Naizvozvo, masangano epasi rose akadai seUnited Nations akadzokorora kudana kuti "hydropower development iite basa risingadzokerike mukusimudzira budiriro yenyika", uye nharaunda dzepasirese dziri kushingaira kuongorora nekusimudzira kusimudzira kwakasimba kwemagetsi emvura. Muchidimbu, basa rakakosha uye kukosha kwesimba remagetsi madiki ehydropower yakakura kwazvo, isingaenzaniswi uye isingatsivike kune chero imwe nzira yesimba.
Nhasi, nyika yangu haigone kuita pasina diki hydropower, uye nyika yanhasi haigone kuita pasina diki hydropower!
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-22-2025
