Avhareji yekukura kwesimba remagetsi madiki muChina yasvika 60%, nedzimwe nzvimbo dziri kusvika 90%. Kuongorora kuti simba remagetsi madiki rinogona sei kutora chikamu mukushandurwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuvandudzwa kwesimba idzva pasi pemamiriro ekupisa nekupisa.
Simba remagetsi madiki rinogadzirwa nemvura rakaita basa guru mukugadzirisa dambudziko rekushandiswa kwemagetsi munzvimbo dzekumaruwa muChina, richitsigira budiriro yehupfumi nemagariro evanhu kumaruwa, uye richigadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Parizvino, avhareji yekukura kwezviwanikwa zvemagetsi madiki muChina yasvika 60%, nedzimwe nzvimbo dziri kusvika 90%. Chinangwa chekuvandudza simba remagetsi madiki chachinja kubva pakukura zvishoma nezvishoma kuenda pakuchera nekutarisira midziyo. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mutori wenhau akabvunzurudza Dr. Xu Jincai, Mutungamiriri weInternational Small Hydropower Center yeMinistry of Water Resources uye Mutungamiriri weHydroelectric Power Generation Committee yeChinese Water Conservancy Society, kuti vaongorore kuti simba remagetsi madiki rinogona sei kutora chikamu mukushandurwa kwegirinhi nekuvandudzwa kwesimba idzva remagetsi pasi pemamiriro ekupisa necarbon neutreatment.
Ibasa rei rinoitwa nemagetsi madiki emvura mukuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekusashandisa kabhoni?
Pakupera kwegore rapfuura, nyika 136 dzakaronga zvinangwa zvekusabvisa kabhoni, zvichifukidza 88% yemhepo inoburitsa kabhoni dioxide pasi rose, 90% yeGDP, uye 85% yevanhu. Maitiro ekuchinja kwepasi rose kwezvakatipoteredza uye kushanduka kwekabhoni shoma haagone kumisa. China yakarongawo kutora mitemo yakasimba uye matanho, ichiedza kuwedzera kuburitsa kabhoni dioxide pamberi pa2030 uye kusvika pakusabvisa kabhoni pamberi pa2060.
Magasi anodarika 70% egasi rinopisa pasi rose anokonzerwa nesimba, uye dambudziko remamiriro ekunze rinoda kuti titonge zvakasimba magasi anopisa pasi rose. China ndiyo inogadzira uye inoshandisa simba zvakanyanya pasi rose, ichipa chikamu chimwe muzvishanu nechikamu chimwe muzvina chesimba rinogadzirwa uye rinoshandiswa pasi rose, zvichiteerana. Hunhu hwesimba iri hwakapfuma mumarasha, mafuta mashoma, uye gasi shoma. Kutsamira kwekunze kwemafuta negasi rechisikigo kunodarika 70% ne40%, zvichiteerana.
Zvisinei, kukurumidza kwekukura kwesimba rinodzokororwa muChina mumakore achangopfuura kuri pachena kune wese munhu. Pakupera kwegore rapfuura, simba rese resimba rinodzokororwa rakaiswa rakapfuura mabhiriyoni 1.2 emawatts, uye simba rese resimba rinodzokororwa rakaiswa pasi rose raive mabhiriyoni 3.3 emawatts. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti anopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chesimba rinodzokororwa rakaiswa rinobva kuChina. Indasitiri yesimba rakachena muChina yakagadzira mukana wekutungamira pasi rose, nezvikamu zvikuru zve photovoltaic nemhepo zvichiita 70% yemusika wepasi rose.
Kukurumidza kukura kwesimba rinodzokororwa kuchaita kuti pave nekudiwa kwezviwanikwa zvekutonga, uye mabhenefiti ekutonga esimba rinodzokororwa achawedzerawo kuonekwa. Simba rinodzokororwa nemvura ndiyo tekinoroji yesimba rinodzokororwa rakura uye ichaita basa rakanaka mukusapindira kwekabhoni pasi rose. Mukupindura, hurumende yeUS inoronga kuisa mari inosvika mamiriyoni mazana matanhatu nemakumi matatu emadhora mukuvandudza nekuvandudza mayuniti emagetsi emvura munyika yese, ichinyanya kutarisisa kuchengetedza magetsi emvura uye kuvandudza mashandiro awo.
Kunyangwe simba diki remvura richisanganisira chikamu chidiki cheindasitiri yemagetsi emvura muChina, richiri kukosha zvikuru. Kune nzvimbo dzinopfuura chiuru dzemagetsi emvura muChina dzine nzvimbo yekuchengetera 10000 cubic metres kana kupfuura, idzo dziri nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuchengetera simba dzakagoverwa uye zviwanikwa zvemitemo zvinogona kutsigira huwandu hwakawanda hwekubatanidzwa kwesimba idzva remunharaunda uye kushandiswa kwaro.
Kukura kwemagetsi madiki emvura uye kugara pamwe chete zvakanaka nenzvimbo yakakomberedza nharaunda
Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuwedzera kwekabhoni uye kusapindira kwekabhoni, nzira yekuvandudza simba remagetsi madiki emvura yakachinja kuenda pakuchinjika pakuvaka masisitimu matsva emagetsi uye kuwana hukama hwakanaka pakati pekuvandudza simba remagetsi madiki emvura nenzvimbo yezvakatipoteredza. Chirongwa Chekuita cheKabhoni Peak pamberi pa2030 chinoratidza zvakajeka kukurumidzisa kukura kwesimba remagetsi madiki emvura sechikamu chakakosha chekuchinja simba remagetsi akachena uye kabhoni shoma.
Mumakore achangopfuura, China yakaita mabasa akawanda mukushandura nekuvandudza magetsi madiki emvura. Chimwe chacho ndechekuvandudza mashandiro emagetsi madiki emvura. Munguva yeChirongwa cheMakore Mashanu chegumi nembiri, hurumende yepakati yakaisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni 8.5 eyuan kuti ipedzise kugadzirisa mashandiro emagetsi emvura ekumaruwa anosvika 4300. Munguva yeChirongwa cheMakore Mashanu chegumi netatu, hurumende yepakati yakaisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni 4.6 eyuan. Zviteshi zvemagetsi zvidiki zvinopfuura 2100 mumapurovhinzi makumi maviri nemaviri zvakapedza kugadzirisa mashandiro emagetsi emvura, uye nzizi dzinopfuura 1300 dzakapedza kugadzirisa zvakatipoteredza. Muna 2017, International Small Hydropower Center yakaronga nekushandisa chirongwa che "Global Environment Fund" cheChina Small Hydropower Efficiency Enhancement, Expansion and Transformation Value Added Project. Parizvino, basa rekuyedza rapedzwa kumapurojekiti gumi nemapfumbamwe mumapurovhinzi masere, uye ruzivo rwuri kupfupikiswa uye kugovaniswa pasi rese.
Chechipiri ndechekuchenesa nekugadziriswa kwemagetsi madiki emvura kwakaitwa neBazi reMvura, kusanganisira kudzoreredza kubatana kwerwizi nekugadzirisa zvikamu zverwizi zvisina mvura. Kubva muna 2018 kusvika 2020, Yangtze River Economic Belt yakachenesa nekugadziriswa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zvidiki zvinopfuura 25000, uye zviteshi zvemagetsi zvinopfuura 21000 zvakashandisa kuyerera kwezvakatipoteredza zvichienderana nemitemo, uye zvakabatanidzwa pamatanho akasiyana-siyana emitemo. Parizvino, kuchenesa nekugadziriswa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zvidiki zvinopfuura 2800 muYellow River Basin kuri kuitwa.
Chechitatu ndechekugadzira zviteshi zvemagetsi zvidiki zvemagidhi zvekuratidzira magetsi. Kubva pakagadzwa simba remagetsi madiki emvura muna 2017, kusvika pakupera kwegore rapfuura, China yakagadzira zviteshi zvemagetsi zvidiki zvemagidhi zvinopfuura mazana mapfumbamwe. Mazuva ano, kushandurwa kwesimba remagetsi madiki emvura kwave mutemo wenyika. Zviteshi zvakawanda zvidiki zvemagetsi mumapurovhinzi akasiyana-siyana nemaguta zvakagadzirisa mitemo yesimba remagetsi madiki emvura, zvakavandudza nzvimbo dzekuburitsa mvura nekutarisa kuyerera kwezvakatipoteredza, uye zvakatanga kugadzirisa zvakatipoteredza murwizi. Nekugadzira mienzaniso yakawanda yesimba remagetsi madiki emvura, chinangwa chedu ndechekukurumidzisa kuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi mumipata yenzizi, matunhu, uye kunyange indasitiri yesimba remvura.
Chechina ndechekuvandudza zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi. Parizvino, zviteshi zvakawanda zvidiki zvemagetsi zvakachinja nzira yakajairika yekushanda kwakazvimirira uye kwakaparadzaniswa kwezviteshi chimwe chete, uye zviri kugadzira nzira yakabatana yekushanda kwezviteshi zvemagetsi munzvimbo dzakasiyana kana kuti nzvimbo dzakadzikira.
Batsira mukuzadzisa zvinangwa zve "dual carbon"
Kare, kuvaka simba remagetsi madiki emvura kwaive nechinangwa chekupa magetsi uye kuwana magetsi kumaruwa. Kugadziriswa kuri kuitwa simba remagetsi madiki emvura kwaive nechinangwa chekuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka, kuchengetedzeka, uye mhedzisiro yenzvimbo dzemagetsi, uye kuwana shanduko yepamusoro yegirini. Kubudirira kwakasimba kwesimba remagetsi madiki emvura mune ramangwana kuchaita basa rakasiyana mukutonga kwekuchengetwa kwesimba, zvichibatsira kuzadzisa zvinangwa zve "dual carbon".
Tichitarisa ramangwana, nzvimbo diki dzemagetsi dziripo dzinogona kushandurwa kuita nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa pakupomba kuti dzikurudzire kushandiswa kwesimba rinogona kushandiswazve uye kuita kuti simba diki rive rakasvibira. Semuenzaniso, muna Chivabvu gore rapera, mushure mekugadziriswazve kweChunchangba Pumped Storage Power Station muXiaojin County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, sisitimu yakabatana yemagetsi emvura, photovoltaics, uye nzvimbo yekuchengetera inofambiswa yakaumbwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, magetsi emvura nesimba idzva zvine simba rakawanda. Zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi zvine mhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye zvakawanda, uye zvakawanda zvacho hazvina kuita basa rakanaka mukudzora magetsi. Zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi zvinogona kutora chikamu muzviteshi zvemagetsi zvemagetsi kuti zviwane kushandira pamwe chete mukudzora mashandiro uye kutengeserana kwemusika, zvichipa masevhisi ekubatsira akadai sekugera peak, kudzora frequency, uye backup yegrid yemagetsi.
Imwe mukana usingafanirwe kufuratirwa ndeyekuti kusanganiswa kwemagetsi emvura nezvitupa zvegirini, magetsi egirini, uye kutengeserana nekabhoni kuchaunza kukosha kutsva. Tichitora zvitupa zvegirini zvepasi rose semuenzaniso, muna 2022, takatanga kugadzira zvitupa zvegirini zvepasi rose zvemagetsi madiki emvura. Takasarudza zviteshi zvemagetsi gumi nemapfumbamwe muLishui Demonstration Zone yeInternational Small Hydropower Center sekuratidzira kuvandudzwa kwezvitupa zvegirini zvepasi rose, uye takapedzisa kunyoresa, kuburitsa, uye kutengeserana kwezvitupa zvegirini zvepasi rose zvinosvika 140000 zvekutanga zvezviteshi zvemagetsi zvitanhatu. Parizvino, pakati pezvitupa zvegirini zvepasi rose zvakaita sesimba remhepo, photovoltaics, uye simba remvura, simba remvura ndiro purojekiti ine huwandu hwakanyanya hwekuburitsa, iyo midziyo midiki yemvura inokwana 23%. Zvitupa zvegirini, magetsi egirini, uye kutengeserana nekabhoni zvinoratidza kukosha kwezvakatipoteredza kwemapurojekiti matsva esimba, zvichibatsira kuumba sisitimu yemusika uye nzira yenguva refu yekugadzira nekushandisa simba regirini.
Chekupedzisira, zvinofanira kusimbiswa kuti kukura kwesimba remagetsi madiki emvura muChina kunogonawo kubatsira mukuvandudza maruwa. Gore rino, China iri kuita "Chiito Chesimba Remhepo kuzviuru zveMisha neMaguta" uye "Chiito Chesimba Remhepo kuzviuru zveMadzimba neMadzimba", ichikurudzira zvishoma nezvishoma kuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi edenga rakapararira mudunhu rese, ichikurudzira kushandiswa kwesimba rakachena munzvimbo dzekumaruwa, uye ichitanga kuvaka simba remaruwa. Simba remagetsi madiki rinodzokororwazve rine mabasa akasiyana ekuchengetedza simba uye kutonga, uye zvakare chigadzirwa chezvakatipoteredza chiri nyore kuwana shanduko yekukosha munzvimbo dzemakomo. Inogona kukurudzira shanduko yakachena uye isina kabhoni yakawanda yesimba rekumaruwa uye kubatsira kukurudzira kubudirira kwakajairika.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-04-2024
