Avhareji yebudiriro yezviwanikwa zvidiki zvehydropower muChina yasvika 60%, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzichisvika makumi mapfumbamwe%. Kuongorora kuti diki simba remvura rinogona kutora chikamu mukushandurwa kwegirinhi uye kusimudzira masisitimu emagetsi matsva pasi pekabhoni peak uye kusarerekera kabhoni.
Diki remagetsi rakaita basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa dambudziko rekushandiswa kwemagetsi kumaruwa eChina, kutsigira hupfumi hwekumaruwa nekusimudzira magariro, uye kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Parizvino, avhareji yekukura kweiyo diki hydropower zviwanikwa muChina yasvika 60%, uye mamwe matunhu ari kusvika 90%. Tarisiro yekuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi emvura yachinja kubva pakuwedzera kusimudzira kuenda pakuchera masheya uye manejimendi. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mutori wenhau akabvunzurudza Dr. Xu Jincai, Mutungamiriri weInternational Small Hydropower Center yeBazi reMvura Zviwanikwa uye Mutungamiriri weHydroelectric Power Generation Committee yeChinese Water Conservancy Society, kuti aongorore kuti magetsi madiki emvura anogona sei kutora chikamu mukushandurwa kwegirinhi uye kusimudzira kwesimba idzva resimba pasi peiyo kabhoni peak uye kusarerekera kabhoni.
Ibasa rei rinoitwa nemagetsi madiki ekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekabhoni?
Pakupera kwegore rapfuura, nyika zana nemakumi matatu nenhanhatu dzakakurudzira zvinangwa zvekusarerekera kabhoni, zvichifukidza 88% yepasi rose carbon dioxide emissions, 90% yeGDP, uye 85% yevagari. Maitiro epasi rose egirinhi uye yakaderera-kabhoni shanduko haigone kumiswa. China yakarongawo kutora hurongwa hwakasimba uye matanho, kuyedza kukwidza carbon dioxide emissions pamberi pa2030 uye kuwana kusarerekera kabhoni pamberi pa2060.
Zvinopfuura makumi manomwe muzana ekuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse pasi rose zvine chekuita nemagetsi, uye dambudziko remamiriro ekunze rinoda kuti tinyatso kudzora kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse. China ndiyo inogadzira uye mutengi mukuru pasi rose, inoverengera ingangoita 1/5 uye 1/4 yepasi rose kugadzira nekushandisa simba, zvichiteerana. Hunhu hwesimba hwakapfuma mumarasha, hurombo muoiri, uye gasi rakaderera. Kutsamira kwekunze kwemafuta uye gasi rechisikigo kunodarika 70% uye 40%, zvichiteerana.
Nekudaro, kukurumidza kukurumidza kwesimba rinodzokororwa muChina mumakore achangopfuura kunoonekwa kune vese. Pakupera kwegore rapera, simba rose rakaiswa remagetsi ekugadzirisa zvakare rakapfuura 1.2 bhiriyoni kilowatts, uye pasi rose yakaiswa simba rekugadzirisa simba raive rinenge 3.3 bhiriyoni kilowatts. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti zvinopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chesimba rakaiswa resimba rinodzokororwa rinobva kuChina. Indasitiri yeChina yakachena yemagetsi yakagadzira mukana wepasirese unotungamira, iine zvakakosha zvikamu zvephotovoltaic uye simba remhepo rinoverengera makumi manomwe muzana emusika wepasi rose wemugove.
Iko kukurumidza kuvandudzwa kwesimba rinodzokororwa kuchatungamira mukudiwa kuri kuwedzera kwezviwanikwa zvekutonga, uye zvakanakira zvekutonga zvemagetsi emvura zvichave zvakanyanya kusimba. Hydropower ndiyo yakanyanya zera renewable energy tekinoroji uye ichaita basa rakanaka mukusarerekera kabhoni pasi rose. Mukupindura, hurumende yeUS inoronga kuisa mari inosvika madhora mazana matanhatu nemakumi matatu emamiriyoni emadhora mukuvandudza nekusimudzira zvikamu zvemagetsi emagetsi munyika yese, iine chinangwa chikuru chekugadzirisa magetsi emvura uye kuvandudza mashandiro.
Kunyangwe madiki emagetsi emagetsi achiverengera chikamu chidiki cheindasitiri yemagetsi emagetsi ekuChina, ichiri yakakosha. Kune anopfuura 10000 zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi emvura muChina zvine simba rekuchengetedza re100000 cubic metres kana kupfuura, ayo akasiyana akagoverwa ekuchengetedza simba uye zviwanikwa zvemitemo zvinogona kutsigira chikamu chepamusoro chekubatanidzwa kwesimba idzva redunhu uye kushandiswa.
Diki hydropower kuvandudza uye kuwirirana kugarisana ne ecological nharaunda
Mukati meiyo kabhoni peak uye kusarerekera kwekabhoni, danho rekusimudzira remagetsi madiki emvura rachinja kuenda kune kuvakwa kwemasisitimu emagetsi matsva uye kuwana kugarisana kwakanaka pakati pekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi emvura uye nharaunda yezvakatipoteredza. Iyo Action Plan yeCarbon Peak pamberi pa2030 inonyatso kurudzira kukurumidza kukura kwegirinhi kwesimba remagetsi diki sechikamu chakakosha chesimba regirinhi uye yakaderera-kabhoni shanduko chiito.
Mumakore achangopfuura, China yakaita huwandu hukuru hwekudzidzira mukushandurwa kwegirinhi uye kusimudzira diki hydropower. Imwe ndeyekugona uye kugona kuwedzera kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi madiki ehydropower. Munguva yegumi nembiri yeChirongwa cheMakore Mashanu, hurumende yepakati yakaisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni masere nemazana mashanu emadhora kuti ipedze kushanda pamwe nekuwedzera kuvandudzwa kwezviteshi mazana mana nemazana matatu emagetsi ekumaruwa. Munguva yegumi nematatu yeChirongwa cheMakore mashanu, hurumende yepakati yakaisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni mana nemazana matanhatu emadhora. Kupfuura mazana maviri nemazana ezviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi emagetsi mumatunhu makumi maviri nemaviri zvakapedza kushanda zvakanaka uye kugadziridzwa kwekuwedzera, uye nzizi dzinopfuura zana nemakumi matatu dzakapedza shanduko nekudzoreredza. Muna 2017, International Small Hydropower Center yakaronga nekushandisa "Global Environment Fund" China Diki Hydropower Efficiency Enhancement, Expansion and Transformation Value Added Project. Parizvino, basa rekuyedza rakapedzwa kumapurojekiti gumi nemapfumbamwe mumatunhu masere, uye zviitiko zviri kupfupikiswa nekugovaniswa kune dzimwe nyika.
Yechipiri idiki kuchenesa hydropower uye kugadzirisa kunoitwa neBazi reMvura Zviwanikwa, kusanganisira kudzoreredza kubatana kwenzizi uye kugadzirisa zvikamu zvenzizi dzisina mvura. Kubva 2018 kusvika 2020, iyo Yangtze Rwizi Economic Belt yakachenesa uye yakagadziridza anopfuura mazana maviri nemazana mashanu ezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura, uye anopfuura mazana maviri nemakumi maviri emagetsi emagetsi akateedzera ecological kuyerera zvinoenderana nemirairo, uye akabatanidzwa kune akasiyana siyana emapuratifomu ekutonga. Parizvino, kucheneswa nekugadzirisa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zvidiki mazana maviri nemazana maviri muYellow River Basin zviri kuitika.
Chechitatu kugadzira zviteshi zvemagetsi zvidiki zvakasvibira zve hydropower. Kubva pakavambwa egirinhi madiki emagetsi emagetsi muna 2017, kusvika pakupera kwegore rapfuura, China yakagadzira anopfuura mazana mapfumbamwe egirinhi madiki emagetsi emagetsi. Mazuvano, shanduko yegirinhi nekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi madiki emvura yave mutemo wenyika. Zviteshi zvidiki zvidiki zvemagetsi emagetsi mumatunhu akasiyana siyana nemaguta akagadzirisa zviyero zvidiki zvemagetsi emagetsi, akavandudza kuyerera kwezvipenyu uye nzvimbo dzekutarisa, uye kuita kudzoreredza kwenzizi ecological. Nekugadzira akati wandei akajairwa egirinhi madiki emagetsi emagetsi ekuratidzira, isu tinovavarira kukurumidza kusimudzira kwemhando yepamusoro shanduko yegirinhi mumabheseni enzizi, matunhu, uye kunyangwe indasitiri diki yemagetsi emagetsi.
Yechina ndeyekuvandudza zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi emvura. Parizvino, zviteshi zvidiki zvakawanda zvemagetsi emagetsi zvakachinja maitiro akajairwa ezviteshi zvimwechete, uye ari kumisikidza nzira yekushanda yakabatana yemasumbu emagetsi padunhu kana mvura.
Batsira mukuzadzisa zvinangwa zve "dual carbon".
Pakazara, munguva yakapfuura, kuvakwa kwemagetsi madiki emvura kwaive kwakanangana nekupa magetsi uye kuwana magetsi ekumaruwa. Ikozvino kugadziridzwa kwemagetsi madiki ehydropower kune chinangwa chekuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka, kuchengetedzwa, uye ecological mhedzisiro yezviteshi zvemagetsi, uye kuwana yemhando yepamusoro shanduko yegirinhi. Iko kuenderera mberi kwekusimudzira kwemagetsi madiki mune ramangwana kuchaita basa rakasiyana musimba rekuchengetedza simba, zvichibatsira kuzadzisa zvinangwa zve "dual carbon".
Tichitarisa kumberi, zviteshi zvemagetsi zvidiki zviripo zvehydropower zvinogona kushandurwa kuita zviteshi zvegetsi zvepombi kusimudzira kushandiswa kwesimba rinogonekazve uye kuwana shanduko yakasvibira yemagetsi madiki emvura. Semuenzaniso, muna Chivabvu gore rapfuura, mushure mekugadziridzwa kweChunchangba Pumped Storage Power Station muXiaojin County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, iyo yakabatanidzwa system yehydropower, photovoltaics, uye pombi yekuchengetedza yakaumbwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, hydropower uye simba idzva zvine kuwirirana kwakasimba. Zviteshi zvemagetsi madiki ane huwandu hwakasiyana uye huwandu hukuru, uye huwandu hukuru hwazvo hauna kuita basa rakanaka mukugadzirisa magetsi. Zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi emagetsi zvinogona kutora chikamu mumagetsi emagetsi kuti awane kushandirapamwe kwekutonga kwekushanda uye kutengeserana kwemusika, kupa masevhisi ebetsero akadai sepeak shaving, frequency regulation, uye backup yegidhi remagetsi.
Mumwe mukana usingagoni kuregererwa ndewekuti kusanganiswa kwehydropower nezvitupa zvakasvibira, magetsi egirinhi, uye kutengeserana kabhoni kunounza kukosha kutsva. Tichitora zvitupa zvegirinhi zvepasi rose semuenzaniso, muna 2022, takatanga kuvandudzwa kwezvitupa zvegirinhi zvepasi rose zvemagetsi madiki ehydropower. Takasarudza zviteshi zvemagetsi gumi nepfumbamwe muLishui Demonstration Zone yeInternational Diki Hydropower Center sezviratidziro zvekuvandudzwa kwezvitupa zvegirinhi, uye takapedza kunyoresa, kuburitsa, uye kutengeswa kwezvitupa 140000 zvepasi rose zvegirinhi zvekutanga batch yezviteshi zvemagetsi zvitanhatu. Parizvino, pakati pezvitupa zvese zvegirinhi zvepasi rese senge simba remhepo, photovoltaics, uye hydropower, hydropower ndiyo purojekiti ine yakanyanya kuburitswa vhoriyamu, iyo madiki emagetsi anoita 23%. Zvitupa zvegirini, magetsi egirinhi, uye kutengeserana kabhoni zvinoratidza kukosha kwezvakatipoteredza kwemapurojekiti emagetsi matsva, zvichibatsira kuumba musika sisitimu uye yenguva refu nzira yekugadzira uye kushandiswa kwemagetsi egirinhi.
Chekupedzisira, zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa kuti kuvandudzwa kwegirini kwemagetsi madiki emvura muChina kunogonawo kubatsira mukumutsiridza kumaruwa. Gore rino, China iri kuita "Wind Power Action yeZviuru zveMisha neMataundi" uye "Photovoltaic Chiito cheZviuru zveMhuri neMhuri", ichisimudzira zvishoma nezvishoma kusimudzira kwemutyairi wepadenga redenga photovoltaics muruwa, kukurudzira kushandiswa kwesimba rakachena mumaruwa, uye kuita chiyereso kuvaka kwekuchinja kwesimba rekumaruwa. Diki hydropower isimba rinodzokororwa simba rine rakasiyana rekuchengetedza simba uye mabasa ekutonga, uye zvakare chigadzirwa cheecological chiri nyore kuwana kukosha kwekushandurwa munzvimbo dzine makomo. Inogona kusimudzira yakachena uye yakaderera-kabhoni shanduko yesimba rekumusha uye kubatsira kusimudzira budiriro yakafanana.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-04-2024
