China Meteorological Administration yakati nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kuwedzera nekudziya kwepasi, tembiricha yekuChina yakanyanya uye zviitiko zvekunaya kwemvura zvakanyanya zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera uye kusimba.
Kubva paChimurenga cheMaindasitiri, magasi egreenhouse anogadzirwa nezviitiko zvevanhu akafambisa tembiricha yakakwira pasi rose, kukwira kwemvura yegungwa, uye mamiriro ekunze akanyanyisa akadai semvura zhinji, mafashamo, nekusanaya kwemvura kwakaitika munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzine huwandu hwakanyanya uye kuwanda.
World Health Organisation yakataura kuti kukwira kwekushisa kwepasirese uye kupisa kwakanyanya kwemafuta ezvicherwa zvave imwe yenjodzi huru kuhutano hwevanhu. Kwete chete kutyisidzira kwekupisa kupisa, kupisa kupisa, uye chirwere chemoyo, kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunogona kukonzera kupfuura 50% yehutachiona hwevanhu hunozivikanwa kuwedzera.
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze idambudziko guru rakatarisana nevanhu munguva ino. Seyakakura gasi rinopisa, China yakazivisa chinangwa che "carbon peak uye kabhoni kusarerekera" muna 2020, yakazvipira kunharaunda yepasirese, yakaratidza mutoro uye kuzvipira kwenyika huru, uye yakaratidzawo kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kwenyika kusimudzira shanduko nekuvandudzwa kwehupfumi uye kusimudzira kugarisana kwevanhu nehunhu.
Matambudziko ekunetsa kwesimba remagetsi
Nzvimbo yesimba inzvimbo yehondo inotariswa zvakanyanya yekuitwa kwe "dual carbon".
Pakuwedzera kwe1 degree Celsius paavhareji yekushisa kwepasi rose, marasha anopa zvinopfuura 0.3 madhigirii celsius. Kuti uwedzere kukurudzira shanduko yesimba, zvinodikanwa kudzora mafossil simba rekushandisa uye kukurumidza kuvakwa kwesimba idzva. Muna 2022-2023, China yakapa mitemo inodarika zana nemakumi maviri e “dual carbon”, kunyanya kusimbisa rutsigiro rwakakosha mukusimudzira nekushandiswa kwesimba rinogonekazve.
Pasi pekusimudzirwa kwakasimba kwemitemo, China yave nyika huru pasi rose mukushandiswa kwesimba idzva uye simba rinovandudzwa. Zvinoenderana nedata kubva kuNational Energy Administration, muhafu yekutanga ye2024, nyika nyowani yakaiswa simba rekuvandudza simba rekugadzira magetsi yaive 134 miriyoni kilowatts, inoverengera 88% yeiyo nyowani yakaiswa; renewable simba rekugadzira simba raive 1.56 trillion kilowatt-maawa, inoverengera ingangoita 35% yehuwandu hwemagetsi ekugadzira.
Imwe simba remhepo uye photovoltaic simba rinosanganiswa mugetsi remagetsi, richiunza magetsi akasvibira akachena mukugadzirwa kwevanhu uye hupenyu, asiwo kupikisa tsika yemaitiro emagetsi emagetsi.
Iyo yechinyakare gidhi remagetsi magetsi emagetsi modhi iri ipapo uye yakarongwa. Paunobatidza simba, zvinoreva kuti mumwe munhu akaverenga zvaunoda kare uye ari kukupa magetsi panguva imwe chete pane imwe nzvimbo. Iyo magetsi ekugadzira curve yemagetsi chirimwa uye simba rekufambisa curve yenzira yekufambisa inorongwa pachine nguva maererano nenhoroondo data. Kunyangwe kana kudiwa kwemagetsi kuchiwedzera nekukurumidza, kudiwa kunogona kuzadzikiswa nenguva nekutanga backup thermal power units, kuitira kuti uwane kushanda kwakachengeteka uye kwakagadzikana kweiyo magetsi grid system.
Zvisinei, nekuiswa kwenhamba yakawanda yesimba remhepo uye photovoltaic simba, nguva uye yakawanda sei magetsi anogona kugadzirwa zvose zvinogadziriswa nemamiriro ekunze, izvo zvakaoma kuronga. Kana mamiriro ekunze akanaka, masimba matsva emagetsi anomhanya akazara uye anogadzira huwandu hwakawanda hwemagetsi akasvibirira, asi kana kudiwa kusingawedzere, magetsi aya haagone kubatana neInternet; apo kudiwa kwemagetsi kwakasimba, kunoitika kunaya uye kuine makore, mhepo yemhepo haishanduki, mapepa e-photovoltaic haapise kupisa, uye dambudziko rekudzima simba rinoitika.
Kare, kusiiwa kwemhepo nechiedza muGansu, Xinjiang nemamwe mapurovhinzi emagetsi matsva kwaienderana nekushaikwa kwemagetsi kwemwaka mudunhu uye kusakwanisa kwegetsi remagetsi kuitora nenguva. Kusadzoreka kwesimba rakachena kunounza matambudziko pakutumirwa kwegedhi remagetsi uye kunowedzera njodzi dzekushanda kwesimba remagetsi. Nhasi, kana vanhu vachivimba zvakanyanya nemagetsi akatsiga pakugadzira uye hupenyu, chero kusawirirana pakati pekugadzira magetsi nekushandiswa kwemagetsi kuchave nekukanganisa kwakanyanya kwehupfumi nemagariro.
Pane mutsauko uripo pakati pesimba rakaiswa resimba idzva uye chaiyo kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, uye kudiwa kwesimba kwevashandisi uye simba rinogadzirwa nemagetsi zvidyarwa hazvigone kuwana "source inotevera mutoro" uye "dynamic chiyero". Magetsi "atsva" anofanira kushandiswa munguva kana kuchengetwa, iyo inofanirwa kushandiswa kwekushanda kwakagadzikana kwegridhi yemagetsi yakanyatsorongeka. Kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi, pamusoro pekuvaka iyo chaiyo yakachena simba rekufanotaura modhi kuburikidza nekuongorora kwakaringana kwemamiriro ekunze uye nhoroondo yekugadzira simba data, zvinodikanwa zvakare kuwedzera kuchinjika kwesimba remagetsi kutumirwa kuburikidza nematurusi akadai sesimba rekuchengetedza masisitimu uye chaiwo magetsi emagetsi. Nyika inosimbisa "kukurumidza kuronga nekuvakwa kwesimba idzva remagetsi", uye kuchengetedza kwesimba inyanzvi yakakosha tekinoroji.
"Green Bank" muNew Energy System
Pasi peshanduko yesimba, basa rakakosha remapombi ekuchengetedza magetsi emagetsi rave kuwedzera mukurumbira. Iyi tekinoroji, iyo yakazvarwa mukupera kwezana ramakore re19, yakatanga kuvakwa kuti igadzirise zviwanikwa zvemvura munzizi kugadzira magetsi. Yakakura nekukurumidza uye zvishoma nezvishoma ichikura ichipesana nekumashure kwekukurumidza kusimudzira maindasitiri uye kuvaka gwenya remagetsi enyukireya.
Nheyo yayo iri nyore kwazvo. Madhamu maviri akavakwa mugomo uye mujinga megomo. Kana husiku kana kupera kwevhiki kunouya, kudiwa kwemagetsi kunodzikira, uye magetsi akachipa uye akawandisa anoshandiswa kupomba mvura kudhamu repamusoro; apo kushandiswa kwemagetsi kuri pakakwirira, mvura inosunungurwa kuti ibudise magetsi, kuitira kuti magetsi anogona kugadziridzwa uye kugoverwa munguva nenzvimbo.
Sezana remakore rekare rekuchengetedza simba teknolojia, pumped storage yakapiwa basa idzva mukuita "dual carbon". Kana simba rekugadzira simba rephotovoltaic uye simba remhepo rakasimba uye kudiwa kwemagetsi emushandisi kwakadzikira, pombi yekuchengetedza inogona kuchengetedza magetsi akawandisa. Kana kudiwa kwemagetsi kuchiwedzera, magetsi anoburitswa kubatsira gidhi remagetsi kuwana uye kudiwa kwechiyero.
Inochinjika uye yakavimbika, nekukurumidza kutanga uye kumira. Zvinotora asingasviki maminetsi mana kubva pakutanga kusvika kuzere mutoro wekugadzira magetsi. Kana njodzi yakakura ikaitika mumagetsi emagetsi, kuchengetedzwa kwepombi kunogona kutanga nokukurumidza uye kudzoreredza magetsi kune magetsi. Inoonekwa seyekupedzisira "mutambo" kuvhenekera rima remagetsi grid.
Seimwe yeakanyanya kukura uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya ekuchengetedza simba tekinoroji, pombi yekuchengetera ndiyo "bhatiri" rakakura kwazvo pasi rose, rinotora chikamu chinodarika 86% chesimba repasi rose rekuchengetedza simba rakaiswa. Kuenzaniswa nemagetsi matsva ekuchengetedza senge electrochemical simba rekuchengetedza uye hydrogen simba rekuchengetedza, pombi yekuchengetedza ine zvakanakira yakagadzikana tekinoroji, mutengo wakaderera uye hukuru hukuru.
Chiteshi chemagetsi chepombi chine dhizaini yehupenyu hwemakore makumi mana. Inogona kushanda kwemaawa mashanu kusvika ku7 pazuva uye ichiramba ichibuda. Inoshandisa mvura se "mafuta", ine mari shoma yekushanda nekugadzirisa, uye haikanganisi nekuchinja kwemitengo yezvinhu zvakasvibirira zvakadai se lithium, sodium uye vanadium. Mabhenefiti ayo ehupfumi uye kugona kwesevhisi kwakakosha kudzikisa mutengo wemagetsi akasvibira uye kuderedza kabhoni emissions yemagetsi grid.
Muna Chikunguru 2024, hurongwa hwenyika yangu hwekutanga hwekuita purovhinzi yekuchengetedza pombi kutora chikamu mumusika wemagetsi wakapihwa zviri pamutemo muGuangdong. Mapombi emagetsi ekuchengetera magetsi achatengesa magetsi ese panzvimbo nenzira itsva ye "kureva huwandu uye quotation", uye "pombi yemvura yekuchengetedza magetsi" uye "kusunungura mvura kuti uwane magetsi" zvakanaka uye zvine hunyoro mumusika wemagetsi, kutamba basa idzva rekuchengetedza uye kuwana simba idzva "green magetsi bank", uye kuvhura nzira nyowani yekuwana mabhenefiti akatarisana nemusika.
"Tichagadzira nesainzi nzira dzemakotesheni, tichishingairira kutengeserana kwemagetsi, kuvandudza kunyatsoshanda kwemayuniti, uye kuedza kuwana mabhenefiti kubva kumagetsi nemagetsi kuchaja tichisimudzira kuwedzera kwechikamu chekushandiswa kwesimba idzva." Wang Bei, mutevedzeri wemaneja mukuru weEnergy Storage Planning uye Finance Dhipatimendi reSouthern Power Grid, akadaro.
Tekinoroji yakakura, hukuru hukuru, chengetedzo inochinjika uye kuwana, kuburitsa kwenguva refu, mutengo wakaderera mukati mehupenyu hwese, uye nzira dzakavandudzwa dzakanangana nemusika zvakaita kuti chengetedzo yepombi ive ine mari uye inoshanda "yese-inotenderera" mukugadzirisa simba rekuchinja, ichiita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira kushandiswa kwakanaka kwesimba rinodzokororwa uye kuve nechokwadi kuchengetedzeka nekugadzikana kwesimba remagetsi.
Mapurojekiti makuru ane nharo
Zvichipesana nemamiriro ekugadzirisa simba renyika uye kukurumidza kukura kwesimba idzva, zviteshi zvemagetsi zvepombi zvakaunza bhomba rekuvaka. Muhafu yekutanga ya2024, iyo yakawedzera yakaiswa simba yekupombi yekuchengetedza muChina yakasvika 54.39 miriyoni kilowatts, uye kukura kwekudyara kwakawedzera ne30,4 muzana mapoinzi panguva imwecheteyo gore rapfuura. Mumakore gumi anotevera, nzvimbo yekudyara yenyika yangu yekuchengetera pombi ichave pedyo netrillion yuan.
Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2024, CPC Central Committee uye State Council yakapa "Maonero eKumhanyisa Kuchinja KweGreen Kwakazara Kwehupfumi uye Kubudirira Kwemagariro". Panosvika gore ra2030, huwandu hwakaiswa hwepombi dzekuchengetera magetsi chiteshi huchapfuura 120 miriyoni kilowatts.
Nepo mikana ichiuya, inokonzeresawo dambudziko rekupisa mari. Kuvakwa kwepombi yekuchengetera magetsi emagetsi inyanzvi uye yakaoma system engineering, inosanganisira akawanda malink akadai semirau, basa rekugadzirira uye kubvumidzwa. Mukukura kwekudyara, dzimwe hurumende nevaridzi venzvimbo vanowanzo furatira chimiro chesainzi chekusarudzwa kwesaiti uye kukwidziridzwa kwesimba, uye vanoteedzera zvakanyanya kumhanya uye chiyero chebudiriro yeprojekiti, zvichiunza nhevedzano yemhedzisiro yakaipa.
Iyo saiti kusarudzwa kwepombi yekuchengetera magetsi zviteshi inoda kufunga nezve geological mamiriro, geographical nzvimbo (padhuze nenzvimbo yekutakura, padhuze neiyo simba base), ecological red line, kudonhedza musoro, kutora nyika uye kutama uye zvimwe zvinhu. Kuronga kusinganzwisisike uye kurongeka kuchaita kuti kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi kuve kunze kwezvinodikanwa zvegetsi remagetsi kana kusagoneka. Kwete chete mutengo wekuvaka uye mutengo wekushandisa uchave wakaoma kugaya kwechinguvana, asi pachava nezvinetso zvakaita sekupindira pamutsetse mutsvuku wezvakatipoteredza panguva yekuvaka; mushure mekupedzwa, kana tekinoroji uye mashandiro uye mazinga ekugadzirisa asiri kusvika pachiyero, zvinokonzeresa njodzi dzekuchengetedza.
"Pachine dzimwe nyaya uko kusarudzwa kwesaiti yemamwe mapurojekiti kusinganzwisisike." Lei Xingchun, mutevedzeri wemaneja mukuru wedhipatimendi rezvivakwa kuSouthern Grid Energy Storage Company, akati, "Chakakosha chepombi-yekuchengetedza magetsi chiteshi kushanda zvinodiwa negetsi remagetsi uye kuona kuwanikwa kwesimba idzva kugedhi."
"Chirongwa ichi chakakura pamwero uye chinoda kudyara kwakawanda kwekutanga. Zvinotonyanya kukosha kusimbisa kutaurirana nekudyidzana nezviwanikwa, nharaunda yezvakatipoteredza, masango, masango, kuchengetedza mvura nemamwe madhipatimendi, uye kuita basa rakanaka mukubatana nekuchengetedzwa kwezvisikwa uye zvirongwa zvine hukama." Jiang Shuwen, mukuru wedhipatimendi rekuronga reSouthern Grid Energy Storage Company, akawedzera.
Kuvaka kwekudyara kwemakumi emabhiriyoni kana kunyange makumi emabhiriyoni, nzvimbo yekuvaka yemazana emahekita emadziva, uye nguva yekuvaka ye5 kusvika kumakore manomwe zvakare ndizvo zvikonzero nei vanhu vazhinji vachishoropodza chengetedzo yepombi yekusave "inochengetedza hupfumi uye nharaunda" zvichienzaniswa nekumwe kuchengetedza kwesimba.
Asi kutaura zvazviri, kana zvichienzaniswa nenguva shoma dzekubuda uye makore gumi ekushanda kwemakemikari ekuchengetedza simba, hupenyu chaihwo hwesevhisi hwepombi-yekuchengetedza magetsi zviteshi zvinogona kusvika makore makumi mashanu kana kupfuura. Nesimba rakakura rekuchengetedza simba, risingaperi rekupomba frequency, uye yakaderera mutengo pa kilowatt-awa, kushanda kwayo kwehupfumi kuchiri kwakakwira kupfuura mamwe magetsi ekuchengetedza.
Zheng Jing, mumwe mainjiniya mukuru kuChina Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design, akaita ongororo yekuti: “Ongororo yekubudirira kwehupfumi hwepurojekiti iyi inoratidza kuti mutengo wakaiswa pakilowati paawa yemapombi ekuchengetera magetsi i0.207 yuan/kWh. zviteshi zvemagetsi zvepombi.”
"Electrochemical energy kuchengetedza yakakura nekukurumidza mumakore achangopfuura, asi kune njodzi dzakasiyana dzakavanzwa." Izvo zvinodiwa kuti urambe uchiwedzera kutenderera kwehupenyu, kuderedza mutengo weyuniti, uye kuwedzera chiyero chechiteshi chemagetsi uye kugadzirisa chikamu chekugadzirisa basa kubva pakuona kwekuchengetedza, kuitira kuti ifananidzwe nemagetsi ekuchengetedza magetsi. " Zheng Jing akadaro.
Vaka chiteshi chemagetsi, shongedza nyika
Zvinoenderana nedata kubva kuSouthern Power Grid Energy Storage, muhafu yekutanga ya2024, kuwedzera kwemagetsi emagetsi epombi-yekuchengetera magetsi mudunhu rekumaodzanyemba angangoita mabhiriyoni matanhatu kWh, yakaenzana nemagetsi aidiwa e5.5 miriyoni vashandisi vekugara kwehafu yegore, kuwedzera kwe1,3% gore-pagore; nhamba yeyuniti yekugadzira magetsi ekutanga yakapfuura 20,000 nguva, kuwedzera kwe20.9% gore negore. Paavhareji, chikamu chimwe nechimwe chechiteshi chemagetsi chega chega chinoburitsa simba repamusoro kanopfuura katatu pazuva, zvichiita mupiro wakakosha kune yakagadzikana kuwana kwesimba rakachena kune gidhi remagetsi.
Pahwaro hwekubatsira gidhi remagetsi kuti rivandudze simba rekuchengetedza simba rekuveura uye kupa magetsi akachena ekusimudzira magariro nehupfumi, iyo Southern Power Grid Energy Storage yakazvipira kuvaka zviteshi zvemagetsi zvakanaka uye nekupa "girinhi, yakavhurika uye yakagovaniswa" ecological uye zvakatipoteredza zvigadzirwa zvevanhu veko.
Chirimo chega chega, makomo akazara nemaruva echerry. Vatyairi vemabhasikoro nevafambi vanoenda kuShenzhen Yantian District kuti vatarise. Kuratidzira dziva nemakomo, vachifamba mugungwa remaruva echerry, sekunge vari muparadhiso. Iri ndiro dura repamusoro reShenzhen Pumped Storage Power Station, yekutanga kupombi-yekuchengetedza magetsi chiteshi chakavakwa pakati peguta munyika, uye "gomo negungwa paki" mumuromo mevashanyi.
Shenzhen Pumped Storage Power Station yakabatanidza pfungwa dzakasvibira ecological pakutanga kwekuronga kwayo. Dziviriro yezvakatipoteredza uye nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza mvura uye midziyo yakagadzirwa, kugadzirwa uye kuiswa mukushanda panguva imwe chete neprojekti. Chirongwa ichi chakahwina mibairo yakaita se “National Quality Project” uye “National Soil and Water Conservation Demonstration Project”. Mushure mekunge chiteshi chemagetsi chaiswa, China Southern Power Grid Energy Storage yakakwidziridza "de-industrialization" nzvimbo yekumusoro reservoir neyakajairwa yeecological park, uye yakabatana neHurumende yedunhu reYantian kudyara maruva echerry kutenderedza dhamu repamusoro, vachigadzira "gomo, gungwa uye maruva bhizinesi guta".
Iko kusimbiswa kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvisikwa haisi nyaya yakakosha yeShenzhen Pumped Storage Power Station. China Southern Power Grid Energy Storage yakagadzira yakasvibira yekuvaka manejimendi masisitimu uye miyero yekuongorora mukati mese chirongwa chekuvaka chirongwa; chirongwa chega chega chinosanganisa zvakapoteredzwa zvakatipoteredza, hunhu hwetsika uye hurongwa hwakakodzera hwehurumende yenzvimbo, uye inoisa mari dzakakosha dzekudzoreredza nharaunda nekuvandudza mubhajeti rekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza kuti ive nechokwadi chekubatanidzwa kwakabatana kwenzvimbo yemaindasitiri epurojekiti nenzvimbo yakatenderedza yezvakatipoteredza.
"Pumped-storage power stations ine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakusarudzwa kwenzvimbo." Nechikonzero chekunzvenga mitsara mitsvuku yezvakatipoteredza, kana paine zvidyarwa zvisingawanzo kuchengetedzwa kana miti yechinyakare munzvimbo yekuvaka, zvinofanirwa kutaurirana nedhipatimendi remasango pachine uye kutora matanho ekudzivirira pasi pekutungamirwa nedhipatimendi remasango kuita chengetedzo pasaiti kana kudzivirira kutama. Jiang Shuwen akadaro.
Pane imwe neimwe pumped-storage power station yeSouthern Power Grid Energy Storage, unogona kuona hombe yemagetsi kuratidza sikirini, iyo inoburitsa data-chaiyo-nguva seyakashata ion content, mhando yemhepo, ultraviolet mwaranzi, tembiricha, humidity, nezvimwewo munzvimbo. "Izvi ndizvo zvatakakumbira kuti tizvitarise isu, kuitira kuti vanobatana vaone zvakajeka kunaka kwenzvimbo yechiteshi chemagetsi." Jiang Shuwen akati, "Mushure mekuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zveYangjiang neMeizhou, maegrets, anozivikanwa se "shiri dzinotarisa nharaunda", akasvika pakugara ari mumapoka, inova inova yeruzivo rwakanyanya rwemhando yezvakatipoteredza zvakaita semhepo uye dura remvura munzvimbo yemagetsi."
Kubva pakavakwa chiteshi chemagetsi chakakura chakakura chekupombi muChina muGuangzhou muna 1993, Southern Power Grid Energy Storage yakaunganidza ruzivo rwekuita mapurojekiti akasvibira muhupenyu hwese. Muna 2023, kambani yakatanga "Green Construction Management Methods uye Evaluation Indicators for Pumped Storage Power Stations", iyo yakajekesa mabasa uye maitiro ekuongorora ekuvakwa kwakasvibirira kwezvikamu zvose zvinotora chikamu muprojekti panguva yekuvaka. Iyo ine zvibodzwa zvinoshanda uye nzira dzekushandisa, izvo zvakakosha zvikuru kutungamira indasitiri kuti iite kuchengetedza ecology.
Mapombi emagetsi ekuchengetera magetsi akavakwa kubva pakutanga, uye akawanda matekinoroji uye manejimendi haana mavambo ekutevera. Iyo inovimba nevatungamiriri veindasitiri vakaita seSouthern Power Grid Energy Storage kutyaira kumusoro uye kudzika kwakadzika maketani emaindasitiri kuti varambe vachigadzira, kuongorora, nekuona, uye kusimudzira kusimudzira maindasitiri nhanho nhanho. Kudzivirirwa kweEcological zvakare chikamu chakakosha chekusimudzira kwakasimba kweiyo pumped kuchengetedza indasitiri. Iyo haingomiriri basa rekambani chete, asi zvakare inoratidza kukosha kwe "girinhi" uye yegoridhe yemukati yeiyi girinhi simba rekuchengetedza purojekiti.
Iyo kabhoni yekusarerekera wachi iri kurira, uye kuvandudza kwesimba rinodzokororwa kuri kuramba kuchiwana mabudiro matsva. Basa remapombi emagetsi ekuchengetera magetsi se "regulators", "power banks" uye "stabilizers" mukuyerwa kwemutoro wegidhi remagetsi iri kuwedzera kuve yakakurumbira.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-05-2025
