Nzizi dzese dzine nzvimbo yadzinotsvedza. Mvura inoyerera murwizi pasi pesimba regiravhiti. Mvura iri munzvimbo dzakakwirira ine simba rakawanda. Nerubatsiro rwezvivakwa zve hydraulic nemidziyo yemagetsi, simba remvura rinogona kushandurwa kuita simba remagetsi, kureva, kugadzira simba remvura. Nheyo yekugadzira simba remvura ndeyekupinza kwedu kwemagetsi, kureva kuti, kana conductor ikacheka mitsetse yemagetsi mumunda wemagineti, inoburitsa magetsi. Pakati pazvo, "kufamba" kweconductor mumunda wemagineti kunowanikwa nekuyerera kwemvura kunokanganisa turbine kushandura simba remvura kuita simba remagetsi rinotenderera; uye simba remagineti rinowanzo umbwa nemagetsi anoburitswa nesystem inoyerera kuburikidza ne generator rotor winding, kureva kuti, magnetism inogadzirwa nemagetsi.
1. Chii chinonzi sisitimu yekukweva? Kuti simba rishandurwe, jenareta inochinjika inoda simba remagetsi reDC, uye simba remagetsi reDC rinogadzira simba iri remagetsi rinonzi simba remagetsi rejenareta. Kazhinji, maitiro ekugadzira simba remagetsi mujenareta rotor zvichienderana nepfungwa ye electromagnetic induction inonzi excitation. Sisitimu yekukweva inoreva michina inopa simba remagetsi rejenareta inochinjika. Chikamu chakakosha chejenareta inochinjika. Inowanzo kuve nezvikamu zviviri zvikuru: unit yesimba remagetsi uye regulator yekukweva. Unit yesimba remagetsi inopa simba remagetsi kune rotor yejenareta inochinjika, uye regulator yekukweva inodzora kubuda kwesimba remagetsi zvichienderana nechiratidzo chekupinda uye zvinodiwa zvemutemo zvakapihwa.
2. Basa resystem yekuburitsa magetsi Sisitimu yekuburitsa magetsi ine mabasa makuru anotevera: (1) Pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akajairwa, inopa jenareta yekuburitsa magetsi, uye inogadzirisa magetsi ekuburitsa magetsi zvichienderana nemutemo wakapihwa zvichienderana nevoltage yemagetsi ejenareta nemamiriro ekutakura magetsi kuti ichengetedze kugadzikana kwemagetsi. Sei kugadzikana kwemagetsi kuchigona kuchengetedzwa nekugadzirisa magetsi ekuburitsa magetsi? Pane hukama hunofungidzirwa pakati pesimba rinokonzereswa (kureva kuti hapana mutoro) Ed ye generator stator winding, terminal voltage Ug, reactive load current Ir yejenareta, uye longitudinal synchronous reactance Xd:
Simba reEd rinokonzerwa nemagetsi rinoenderana nesimba remagetsi, uye simba remagetsi rinoenderana nehukuru hwesimba remagetsi. Kana simba remagetsi richiramba risina kuchinja, simba remagetsi rinoshanduka uye simba remagetsi rinoshanduka rinoramba risina kuchinja. Kubva pane zvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti simba remagetsi rejenareta richadzikira nekuwedzera kwesimba remagetsi. Zvisinei, kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa nemushandisi zvemhando yesimba, simba remagetsi rejenareta rinofanira kuramba risina kuchinja. Zviri pachena kuti nzira yekuzadzisa chinodiwa ichi ndeyekugadzirisa simba remagetsi rejenareta sezvo simba remagetsi reIr richichinja (ndiko kuti, mutoro uchichinja). (2) Zvichienderana nemamiriro emutoro, simba remagetsi rinogadziriswa zvichienderana nemutemo wakapihwa wekugadzirisa simba remagetsi. Sei zvichidikanwa kugadzirisa simba remagetsi? Midziyo yemagetsi yakawanda inoshanda zvichibva pamusimboti wesimba remagetsi, senge matransformer, mota, michina yekubatanidza, nezvimwewo. Zvese zvinotsamira pakugadzwa kwesimba remagetsi rinochinja uye kufambisa simba. Simba remagetsi rinodiwa kuti rigadzire simba remagetsi rinochinja uye simba remagetsi rinoshanduka rinonzi simba remagetsi. Midziyo yese yemagetsi ine macoil emagetsi inoshandisa simba remagetsi kuti igadzire simba remagetsi. Pasina simba rekuita, mota haizotendereri, transformer haizokwanisi kushandura voltage, uye michina yakawanda yemagetsi haizoshande. Saka, simba rekuita harisi simba risingabatsiri. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, michina yemagetsi haingowani simba rinoshanda kubva kujenareta chete, asiwo inoda kuwana simba rekuita kubva kujenareta. Kana simba rekuita riri mugrid remagetsi risipo, michina yemagetsi haizove nesimba rekuita reactive rakakwana kuti igadzire munda wemagetsi wakajairika. Zvadaro michina yemagetsi iyi haigone kuchengetedza kushanda kwakarongwa, uye voltage yekupedzisira yemidziyo yemagetsi ichadzikira, nokudaro ichikanganisa mashandiro akajairwa emidziyo yemagetsi. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kugadzirisa simba rekuita reactive zvichienderana nemutoro chaiwo, uye simba rekuita reactive rinobuda nejenareta rine chekuita nehukuru hwe excitation current. Nheyo chaiyo haizotsanangurwi pano. (3) Kana tsaona pfupi yedunhu ikaitika mumagetsi system kana zvimwe zvikonzero zvichiita kuti voltage yejenareta idzike zvakanyanya, jenareta inogona kumanikidzwa kuti ivandudze muganho wekugadzikana kwesimba remagetsi uye kururama kwekudzivirira relay. (4) Kana jenareta ikadarika simba rayo nekuda kwekungoerekana yadzimwa mutoro nezvimwe zvikonzero, jenareta inogona kubviswa simba remagineti kuti ideredze kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi. (5) Kuvandudza kugadzikana kwesimba remagetsi. (6) Kana dunhu pfupi remagetsi rikaitika mukati mejenareta uye pawaya dzayo dzemagetsi kana kuti magetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi akakwira zvakanyanya, kubviswa simba remagineti kunoitwa nekukurumidza kuderedza kuwedzera kwetsaona. (7) Simba remagetsi remagetsi emagetsi anogona kugoverwa zvine mwero.
3. Kupatsanura masisitimu ekukurudzira Zvichienderana nenzira iyo jenareta inowana nayo magetsi ekukurudzira (ndiko kuti, nzira yekugovera magetsi ekukurudzira), sisitimu yekukurudzira inogona kukamurwa kuita external excitation uye self-excitation: magetsi ekukurudzira anowanikwa kubva kune mamwe magetsi anonzi external excitation; magetsi ekukurudzira anowanikwa kubva kujenareta pachayo anonzi self-excitation. Zvichienderana nenzira yekugadzirisa, inogona kukamurwa kuita rotary excitation uye static excitation. Sisitimu yekusimudzira isina simba haina muchina wekukurudzira wakakosha. Kana ikawana simba rekukurudzira kubva kujenareta pachayo, inonzi self-excitation static excitation. Kusimudzira kwekusimudzira kusina simba kunogona kukamurwa kuita self-parallel excitation uye self-compounding excitation.
Nzira inonyanya kushandiswa yekuwedzera simba ndeyekuzviparadzanisa nega yega, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Inowana simba rekuwedzera simba kuburikidza nerectifier transformer yakabatana nejenareta outlet, uye inopa jenareta excitation current mushure mekugadzirisa.
Dhayagiramu yekubatanidza waya yesystem yekuzvifadza inogadzirisa static rectifier
Sisitimu yekudzikisa static excitation inongoenderana neyayo ine zvikamu zvinotevera: excitation transformer, rectifier, device de demagnetization, regulation controller uye overvoltage protection device. Zvikamu zvishanu izvi zvinopedzisa mabasa anotevera:
(1) Transformer yekuwedzera simba: Deredza voltage iri kumucheto kwemuchina kuita voltage inoenderana ne rectifier.
(2) Rectifier: Ndiyo chinhu chikuru chehurongwa hwese. Dunhu remabhiriji rinodzorwa zvizere rine zvikamu zvitatu rinowanzo shandiswa kupedzisa basa rekushandura kubva kuAC kuenda kuDC.
(3) Mudziyo wekubvisa magineti: Mudziyo wekubvisa magineti une zvikamu zviviri, zvinoti switch yekubvisa magineti uye resistor yekubvisa magineti. Mudziyo uyu ndiwo unokonzera kukurumidza kubvisa magineti pachikamu kana tsaona ikaitika.
(4) Mutongi wemutemo: Mudziyo wekudzora wesystem yekumutsa unoshandura simba rekumutsa nekudzora kona yekufambisa yethyristor yemudziyo wekugadzirisa kuti uwane simba rekugadzirisa simba uye voltage yejenareta.
(5) Dziviriro yemagetsi akawandisa: Kana dunhu remagetsi rinotenderera jenareta riine magetsi akawandisa, dunhu rinobatidzwa kuti rishandise simba remagetsi akawandisa, kuderedza simba remagetsi akawandisa, uye kudzivirira jira rinotenderera jenareta nemidziyo yaro yakabatana.
Zvakanakira zvesystem yekudzikisa static excitation self-parallel ndeizvi: chimiro chiri nyore, michina mishoma, mari shoma uye kugadzirisa kushoma. Dambudziko nderekuti kana jenareta kana sisitimu ikapfupikiswa, simba rekudzikisa richanyangarika kana kudonha zvakanyanya, nepo simba rekudzikisa rinofanira kuwedzerwa zvakanyanya (kureva kumanikidzwa excitation) panguva ino. Zvisinei, tichifunga kuti mayuniti makuru emazuva ano anowanzo shandisa mabhazi akavharwa, uye magridi emagetsi ane voltage yakawanda anowanzo shongedzerwa nedziviriro nekukurumidza uye kuvimbika kwakanyanya, huwandu hwemayuniti anoshandisa nzira iyi yekudzikisa huri kuwedzera, uye iyi ndiyo nzira yekudzikisa inokurudzirwa nemitemo nemirairo. 4. Kubhureka kwemagetsi kweyuniti Kana yuniti yaburitswa uye yadzimwa, chikamu chesimba remuchina chinochengetwa nekuda kwekusatenderera kukuru kwerotor. Chikamu ichi chesimba chinogona kumiswa zvachose mushure mekunge chashandurwa kuita simba rekudzikisa friction yebearing ye thrust, bearing yekutungamira nemhepo. Sezvo kurasikirwa kwefriction kwemhepo kwakaenzana ne square ye linear velocity ye circumference, kumhanya kwe rotor kunodonha nekukurumidza pakutanga, uye ipapo inomira kwenguva yakareba nekukurumidza kwakaderera. Kana unit ikamhanya kwenguva yakareba nekumhanya kwakaderera, bhushi rinopinza rinogona kutsva nekuti firimu remafuta riri pakati pegirazi pasi pemusoro wekupinza nebhushi rinopinza harigone kusimbiswa. Nechikonzero ichi, panguva yekudzima, kana kumhanya kweyuniti kwadzikira kusvika pamutengo wakatarwa, sisitimu yekubatira yeyuniti inofanira kushandiswa. Kufambisa kweyuniti kwakakamurwa kuita mabhureki emagetsi, mabhureki emakanika uye mabhureki akabatanidzwa. Kufambisa kwemagetsi kunofanirwa kupfupisa stator yejenareta yezvikamu zvitatu panzvimbo yekubuda kwemuchina mushure mekunge jenareta yabviswa magineti, uye kumirira kuti kumhanya kweyuniti kudzike kusvika pa50% kusvika 60% yekumhanya kwakarongwa. Kuburikidza nenhevedzano yekushanda kwerondedzero, simba rekupfuka rinopihwa, uye regulator yekupfuka inoshandura kune electric braking mode kuti iwedzere excitation current kune generator rotor winding. Nekuti jenareta iri kutenderera, stator inokonzera short-circuit current pasi pesimba re rotor magnetic. Torque ye electromagnetic inogadzirwa inopesana ne inertial direction ye rotor, iyo inoita basa rekupfuka. Mukuita kwekushanda kwemagetsi ekubhureki, simba rekubhureki rinofanira kupihwa kunze, izvo zvine chekuita nehurongwa hwedunhu guru rekusimudzira. Nzira dzakasiyana dzekuwana simba rekubhureki remagetsi dzinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi.
Nzira dzakasiyana dzekuwana simba remagetsi rinoshandisa mabhureki emagetsi
Chekutanga, mudziyo wekukwenya iwaya yekubatanidza inozvimiririra. Kana magumo emuchina akapfupikiswa, transformer yekukwenya haina simba. Simba rekukwenya rinobva kune transformer yebhureki yakatsaurirwa, uye transformer yebhureki yakabatana nesimba remuchina. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, mapurojekiti mazhinji emagetsi anoshandisa sisitimu yekukwenya inodzorwa inodzorwa inodzorwa inodzorwa, uye zvinodhura kushandisa bhiriji rekugadzirisa sisitimu yekukwenya uye sisitimu yemabhureki emagetsi. Naizvozvo, nzira iyi yekuwana simba remagetsi rekukwenya bhureki emagetsi yakajairika. Kufambiswa kwemagetsi kwenzira iyi ndekwekuti:
(1) Chinovhara dunhu cheyuniti chinobuda chinovhurwa uye sisitimu yacho inobviswa.
(2) Kutenderedza kwerotor hakuchashandisi magineti.
(3) Chinongedzo chemagetsi chiri kudivi rechipiri retransformer inosimudzira mweya chinovhurwa.
(4) Swichi yemagetsi yebhureki pfupi yemagetsi yakavharwa.
(5) Chinobatidza magetsi chiri kudivi rechipiri retransformer yemabhureki emagetsi chakavharwa.
(6) Thyristor yebhiriji rinogadziriswa inokonzereswa kuti ienderere mberi, uye mudziyo wacho unopinda mumamiriro ekubhureka emagetsi.
(7) Kana kumhanya kweyuniti kuri zero, bhureki remagetsi rinoburitswa (kana bhureki rakabatanidzwa rikashandiswa, kana kumhanya kwasvika 5% kusvika 10% yekumhanya kwakayerwa, kubhureki kwemechanical kunoshandiswa). 5. Sisitimu yekuwedzera simba. Chivako chemagetsi chemagetsi chinoreva chivako chemagetsi chemvura kana boka rechiteshi chemagetsi chemvura chine ruzivo rwedhijitari, network yekutaurirana, standardization yakabatanidzwa, kudyidzana kwebhizinesi, optimization optimization, uye kuita sarudzo dzakangwara. Zvivako zvemagetsi zvemagetsi zvine hungwaru zvakakamurwa zvakadzika kuita process layer, unit layer, uye station control layer, zvichishandisa 3-layer 2-network structure ye process layer network (GOOSE network, SV network) uye station control layer network (MMS network). Zvivako zvemagetsi zvemagetsi zvine hungwaru zvinoda kutsigirwa nemidziyo yakangwara. Senzira huru yekudzora ye seti yejenareta yemvura-turbine, kukura kwetekinoroji kwesystem yekuwedzera simba kunoita basa rakakosha mukuvaka zvivako zvemagetsi zvemagetsi zvine hungwaru.
Muzviteshi zvemagetsi zvine hungwaru, pamusoro pekupedzisa mabasa ekutanga akadai sekutanga nekumisa seti yejenareta yeturbine, kuwedzera nekuderedza simba rekuita, uye kuvharwa kwechimbichimbi, sisitimu yekukurudzira inofanirawo kukwanisa kusangana nemabasa eIEC61850 data modeling uye kutaurirana, uye kutsigira kutaurirana nenetwork yekutonga chiteshi (MMS network) uye network yematanho ekugadzirisa (GOOSE network neSV network). Chishandiso chekusimudzira sisitimu chakarongwa pachikamu chechikamu chechimiro chesystem yemagetsi ane hungwaru, uye chikamu chekubatanidza, terminal ine hungwaru, assistant control unit nezvimwe zvishandiso kana michina ine hungwaru zvakarongwa pachikamu cheprocess. Chimiro chesisitimu chinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi.
Sisitimu yekukurudzira yakangwara
Komputa inogashira yechikamu chekutonga chechiteshi chemagetsi emagetsi akangwara inosangana nezvinodiwa zveIEC61850 communication standard, uye inotumira chiratidzo chesystem yekumutsa kune computer inogashira yesystem yekumutarisa kuburikidza neMMS network. Sisitimu yekumutsa yakangwara inofanira kukwanisa kubatana neGOOSE network neSV network switches kuti iunganidze data pachikamu cheprocess. Chikamu cheprocess chinoda kuti data rinobuda neCT, PT nezvikamu zvemunharaunda zvese zvive muchimiro chedhijitari. CT nePT zvakabatana kune merging unit (electronic transformers dzakabatana netambo dze optical, uye electromagnetic transformers dzakabatana netambo). Mushure mekunge data remagetsi nevoltage zvaiswa mudhijitari, zvakabatana neSV network switch kuburikidza netambo dze optical. Zvikamu zvemunharaunda zvinofanirwa kubatanidzwa kune intelligent terminal kuburikidza netambo, uye switch kana analog signals zvinoshandurwa kuita digital signals uye zvinotumirwa kuGOOSE network switch kuburikidza netambo dze optical. Parizvino, sisitimu yekumutsa ine basa rekutaurirana nechiteshi control layer MMS network nechikamu cheprocess layer GOOSE/SV network. Pamusoro pekusangana nekudyidzana kwemashoko enetwork kweIEC61850 communication standard, system ye intelligent excitation inofanirawo kuve nekutarisa kwakazara online, kuongororwa kwezvikanganiso zvine hungwaru uye kushanda nekuyedza zviri nyore. Mashandiro uye mhedzisiro yekushandiswa kwemudziyo we intelligent excitation unoshanda zvizere inofanirwa kuyedzwa mune ramangwana mashandisirwo chaiwo einjiniya.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-09-2024
