Nzizi mumasikirwo ose dzine mutsetse wakati. Mvura inoyerera ichitevedza rwizi pasi pechiito chegiravhiti. Mvura iri pakakwirira ine simba rakawanda rinogona kuitika. Nekubatsirwa kwe hydraulic structures uye electromechanical equipment, simba remvura rinogona kuchinjwa kuva simba remagetsi, kureva, hydropower generation. Iyo musimboti wekugadzira hydropower ndeyedu electromagnetic induction, kureva kuti, kana conductor akacheka mitsara yemagineti mundima yemagineti, inoburitsa ikozvino. Pakati pavo, "kufamba" kwemuitisi mumagetsi emagetsi anowanikwa nekuyerera kwemvura kunokanganisa turbine kushandura simba remvura kuva rotational mechanical energy; uye iyo magnetic field inenge nguva dzose yakaumbwa nekunakidza ikozvino inogadzirwa nehurongwa hwekukurudzira hunoyerera kuburikidza nejenereta rotor winding, kureva kuti, magnetism inogadzirwa nemagetsi.
1. Chii chinonzi excitation system? Kuti uone shanduko yesimba, iyo synchronous jenareta inoda DC magineti, uye iyo DC ikozvino inogadzira iyi magineti inodaidzwa kuti excitation ikozvino yejenareta. Kazhinji, maitiro ekugadzira magineti mune jenareta rotor zvinoenderana nemusimboti we electromagnetic induction inonzi excitation. The excitation system inoreva midziyo inopa excitation ikozvino kune synchronous jenareta. Icho chikamu chakakosha cheiyo synchronous generator. Iyo inowanzo ine zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: iyo yekukurudzira simba unit uye excitation regulator. Iyo yekuwedzeredza simba unit inopa excitation ikozvino kune synchronous jenareta rotor, uye iyo excitation regulator inodzora kubuda kweiyo excitation simba unit zvinoenderana neiyo yekuisa chiratidzo uye yakapihwa mutemo maitiro.
2. Basa rekugadzirisa hurongwa Urongwa hwekutsvaga hunoita mabasa makuru anotevera: (1) Pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akajairika, inopa jenereta yekusimudzira ikozvino, uye inogadzirisa ikozvino inoputika maererano nemutemo wakapiwa maererano nejenereta terminal voltage uye mamiriro ekutakura kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwemagetsi. Sei kugadzikana kwevoltage kuchigona kuchengetedzwa nekugadzirisa iyo excitation current? Pane hukama hwepedyo pakati peiyo induced inogoneka (kureva kuti hapana-mutoro mukana) Ed yejenareta stator inotenderera, iyo terminal voltage Ug, reactive mutoro ikozvino Ir yejenareta, uye longitudinal synchronous reactance Xd:
Iyo induced ingangoita Ed inoenderana neiyo magineti flux, uye iyo magineti inoyerera inoenderana nehukuru hweiyo excitation ikozvino. Kana iyo yekunakidzwa iripo ikaramba isina kuchinjika, iyo magineti flux uye iyo induced ingangoita Ed inoramba isina kuchinjika. Kubva pane fomula iri pamusoro, zvinogona kuoneka kuti iyo terminal voltage yejenareta ichaderera nekuwedzera kweiyo reactive ikozvino. Nekudaro, kuti isangane nezvinodiwa nemushandisi zvemhando yemagetsi, iyo terminal voltage yejenareta inofanira kuramba isina kuchinjika. Zviripachena, nzira yekuzadzisa ichi chinodiwa ndeyekugadzirisa mafambiro ezvino ejenareta sezvo reactive ikozvino Ir inochinja (kureva, mutoro unoshanduka). (2) Maererano nemamiriro ekuremerwa, iyo excitation current inogadziriswa maererano nemurairo wakapiwa kugadzirisa simba rinoshanda. Sei zvakakosha kugadzirisa reactive simba? Midziyo mizhinji yemagetsi inoshanda yakavakirwa pamusimboti wemagetsi emagetsi induction, akadai sematransformer, mota, welding michina, nezvimwe. Vese vanovimba nekugadzwa kweanochinjanisa magineti kushandura uye kutamisa simba. Simba remagetsi rinodiwa kugadzira alternating magnetic field uye induced magnetic flux inonzi reactive power. Yese midziyo yemagetsi ine electromagnetic coils inoshandisa reactive simba kumisikidza magineti. Pasina simba rinoshanda, motokari haizotenderera, transformer haigoni kushandura magetsi, uye zvizhinji zvemagetsi hazvishande. Naizvozvo, reactive simba harisi simba risingabatsiri. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, midziyo yemagetsi haingowani simba rinoshanda kubva kune jenareta, asi inodawo kuwana reactive simba kubva kune jenareta. Kana iyo reactive simba mugidhi remagetsi iri kushomeka, midziyo yemagetsi haizove neyakakwana reactive simba rekumisa yakajairika electromagnetic field. Zvadaro izvi zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi hazvigone kuchengetedza kushanda kwakayerwa, uye iyo terminal voltage yemagetsi emagetsi inodonha, zvichikanganisa kushanda kwakajairika kwemidziyo yemagetsi. Nokudaro, zvinodikanwa kugadzirisa simba rinogadzirisa maererano nemutoro chaiwo, uye simba rekugadzirisa rinobuda nejenereta rinoenderana nehukuru hwekukurudzira ikozvino. Nheyo chaiyo haizotsanangurwa pano. (3) Kana tsaona pfupi yedunhu ikaitika musimba remagetsi kana zvimwe zvikonzero zvinoita kuti jenareta terminal voltage idonhe zvakakomba, jenareta inogona kusvetwa nechisimba kuti ivandudze kugadzikana kwesimba remagetsi system uye iko kurongeka kweiyo relay kuchengetedza chiito. (4) Kana jenareta yakawandisa ikaitika nekuda kwekukasira kudonha uye zvimwe zvikonzero, jenareta inogona kuvharwa nechisimba kudzikamisa kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwejenareta terminal voltage. (5) Kuvandudza static kugadzikana kwesimba remagetsi. (6) Kana chikamu-ku-chikamu chipfupi chedunhu chikaitika mukati mejenareta uye pawaya dzayo dzekutungamira kana jenareta terminal voltage yakawandisa, demagnetization inoitwa nekukurumidza kudzikamisa kuwedzera kwetsaona. (7) Simba rinoshanda remajenareta akafanana rinogona kugoverwa zvine musoro.
3. Kurongeka kwemaitiro ekukurudzira Maererano nenzira iyo jenereta inowana iyo yekukurudzira ikozvino (kureva, nzira yekugovera yemagetsi ekugadzirisa simba), hurongwa hwekutsvaga hunogona kugoverwa kuva kunze kwekunakidza uye kuzvidzora-kuzvimirira: ikozvino kunakidza kunowanikwa kubva kune mamwe magetsi kunonzi kunze kwekunze; Ikozvino yekukurudzira inowanikwa kubva kujenareta pachayo inonzi self-excitation. Zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekugadzirisa, inogona kukamurwa kuita inotenderera yekunakidzwa uye static excitation. Iyo static excitation system haina yakakosha yekukurudzira muchina. Kana ikawana simba rekusimudzira kubva kujenareta pachayo, inonzi self-excitation static excitation. Self-excitation static excitation inogona kukamurwa kuva self-parallel excitation uye self-compounding excitation.
Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa yekukurudzira nzira ndeye self-parallel excitation static excitation, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pasi apa. Iyo inowana iyo yekuwedzeredza simba kuburikidza neinogadzirisa transformer yakabatana kune jenareta yekubuda, uye inopa iyo jenareta excitation ikozvino mushure mekugadzirisa.
Wiring dhayagiramu ye self-parallel excitation static rectifier excitation system
Iyo self-parallel excitation static excitation system inonyanya kuve nezvikamu zvinotevera: excitation transformer, rectifier, demagnetization device, regulation controller uye overvoltage dziviriro mudziyo. Zvikamu zvishanu izvi zvinopedzisa mabasa anotevera:
(1) Excitation transformer: Deredza voltage pamagumo emuchina kune voltage inoenderana neinogadzirisa.
(2) Rectifier: Ndicho chinhu chakakosha cheiyo system yese. Iyo yechitatu-chikamu inodzorwa zvakazara bhiriji reketi inowanzo shandiswa kupedzisa basa rekushandura kubva kuAC kuenda kuDC.
(3) Demagnetization mudziyo: Iyo demagnetization mudziyo ine zvikamu zviviri, zvinoti demagnetization switch uye demagnetization resistor. Mudziyo uyu une basa rekukurumidza demagnetization yeyuniti kana pakaitika tsaona.
(4) Regulation controller: Chigadziro chekugadzirisa chegadziriro yekusimudzira inoshandura ikozvino yekukurudzira nekudzora conduction angle ye thyristor yemudziyo wekugadziridza kuti uwane mhedzisiro yekugadzirisa simba rekuita uye voltage yejenareta.
(5) Overvoltage dziviriro: Kana jenareta rotor redunhu riine overvoltage, dunhu rinovhurwa kuti ridye iyo overvoltage simba, kudzikisira kukosha kweovervoltage, uye kudzivirira jenareta rotor mhepo nemidziyo yayo yakabatana.
Izvo zvakanakira iyo self-parallel excitation static excitation system ndeiyi: chimiro chakareruka, midziyo mishoma, mari shoma uye kuchengetedza kushoma. Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvokuti kana jenareta kana hurongwa huri pfupi-inotenderera, iyo yekukurudzira ikozvino ichanyangarika kana kudonha zvakanyanya, nepo excitation ikozvino inofanira kuwedzerwa zvikuru (kureva kumanikidzirwa excitation) panguva ino. Zvisinei, tichifunga kuti mahombe emazuva ano anonyanya kushandisa mabhasi akavharwa, uye magetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi anowanzogadzirirwa nekudzivirira nekukurumidza uye kuvimbika kwepamusoro, nhamba yezvikamu zvinoshandisa nzira iyi yekukurudzira iri kuwedzera, uye iyi ndiyowo nzira yekukurudzira inokurudzirwa nemitemo uye tsanangudzo. 4. Kuputika kwemagetsi kwechikwata Kana chikwata chacho chichisunungurwa uye chakavharwa, chikamu chemagetsi emagetsi chinochengetwa nekuda kwehukuru hwekutenderera inertia ye rotor. Ichi chikamu chesimba chinogona kumiswa zvachose mushure mekunge chashandurwa kuita friction kupisa simba rekusimudzira, kutungamira uye mweya. Sezvo kurashikirwa kwemhepo kunoenderana neskweya yemutsara wevheji yedenderedzwa, iyo rotor kumhanya inodonha nekukurumidza zvakanyanya pakutanga, uye zvino inozoshanda kwenguva yakareba ichimhanya yakaderera. Kana iyo unit ichimhanya kwenguva yakareba ichimhanya yakaderera, gwenzi rinopfuta rinogona kupisa kunze nekuti firimu remafuta pakati pegirazi ndiro pasi pemusoro wekukanda uye gwenzi rinotakura harigone kusimbiswa. Nechikonzero ichi, panguva yekuvhara, kana kumhanya kweyuniti kunodonha kune imwe kukosha kwakatarwa, iyo unit braking system inoda kuiswa mukushandisa. Iyo unit braking yakakamurwa kuita yemagetsi braking, mechanical braking uye yakasanganiswa braking. Mabhureki emagetsi ndeyekupfupisa-yechitatu-chikamu chejenareta stator pamushini wekupedzisira wekubuda mushure mekunge jenareta yadhirowa uye yabviswa magineti, uye kumirira kuti iyo unit inomhanyisa idonhe kusvika pa50% kusvika 60% yekumhanya kwakayerwa. Kuburikidza neakatevedzana ekuita zvine musoro, simba rekubhureki rinopihwa, uye iyo yekukurudzira regulator inochinja kune yemagetsi braking modhi kuti iwedzere kunakidza ikozvino kune jenareta rotor mhepo. Nemhaka yokuti jenereta iri kutenderera, stator inokonzera nguva pfupi-yekutenderera ikozvino pasi pechiito che rotor magnetic field. Iyo electromagnetic torque inogadzirwa inongopesana neinertial kutungamira kwe rotor, iyo inoita basa rekubhureki. Muchiito chekuziva mabhureki emagetsi, simba rekubhureki rinoda kupihwa kunze, iro rine hukama nehukuru hwedunhu chimiro cheiyo excitation system. Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuwana iyo yemagetsi brake excitation magetsi inoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi.
Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuwana electric brake excitation power supply
Munzira yekutanga, chigadziriso chekusimudzira inzira yekuzvimiririra yekukurudzira wiring. Kana iyo magumo emuchina ipfupi-yakatenderedzwa, iyo yekukurudzira transformer haina magetsi. Simba rekubhureki rinobva kune yakatsaurirwa brake transformer, uye brake transformer yakabatana kune simba rekudyara. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, mapurojekiti mazhinji emagetsi emvura anoshandisa self-parallel excitation static rectifier excitation system, uye zvine mari yakawanda kushandisa bhiriji rekugadziridza kune iyo excitation system uye yemagetsi brake system. Naizvozvo, iyi nzira yekuwana iyo yemagetsi brake excitation power supply inonyanya kuwanda. Iyo electric braking workflow yeiyi nzira ndeyekutevera:
(1) Iyo unit outlet circuit breaker inovhurwa uye system yacho inoparadzaniswa.
(2) Rotor mhepo inomonereka yakabviswa magineti.
(3) Simba rekushandura padivi rechipiri rekushandura transformer rinovhurwa.
(4) Iyo unit yemagetsi brake short-circuit switch yakavharwa.
(5) Simba rekushandura padivi rechipiri remagetsi brake transformer rakavharwa.
(6) Iyo rectifier bhiriji thyristor inokonzeresa kuitisa, uye iyo unit inopinda yemagetsi brake state.
(7) Kana kumhanya kwechikwata kuri zero, bhureki yemagetsi inoburitswa (kana yakasanganiswa braking inoshandiswa, kana kumhanya kunosvika 5% kusvika 10% yeyero yakayerwa, mechanical braking inoshandiswa). 5. Intelligent excitation system Intelligent hydropower plant inoreva hydropower plant kana hydropower station boka rine ruzivo digitization, network networking, integrated standardization, kutengeserana kwebhizimisi, kushandiswa kwekushanda, nekuita zvisarudzo zvine njere. Intelligent hydropower zvidyarwa zvakakamurwa kuita process layer, unit layer, uye station control layer, uchishandisa 3-layer 2-network chimiro che process layer network (GOOSE network, SV network) uye station control layer network (MMS network). Intelligent hydropower zvidyarwa zvinoda kutsigirwa nemichina yakangwara. Seyakanyanya kudzora sisitimu yeiyo hydro-turbine jenareta seti, iyo tekinoroji yekusimudzira sisitimu yekusimudzira inoita basa rakakosha rekutsigira mukuvaka kweakangwara hydropower zvidyarwa.
Muzvidyarwa zvine hungwaru zvemagetsi emagetsi, kunze kwekupedzisa mabasa akadai sekutanga uye kumisa turbine jenareta seti, kuwedzera uye kuderera reactive simba, uye kuvharika kwechimbichimbi, iyo excitation system inofanirwawo kukwanisa kusangana neIEC61850 data modelling uye kutaurirana mabasa, uye kutsigira kutaurirana nechiteshi chekutonga layer network (MMS network) uye process layer network (GOOSE network). Iyo excitation system mudziyo inorongedzerwa pachikamu cheyuniti yehungwaru hydropower station system chimiro, uye iyo yekubatanidza unit, yakangwara terminal, yekubatsira kudzora unit uye zvimwe zvishandiso kana yakangwara michina inorongwa padanho rekuita. Chimiro chehurongwa chinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pasi apa.
Intelligent excitation system
Iyo komputa inotambira yechiteshi chekudzora chiteshi cheyakangwara hydropower chirimwa inosangana nezvinodiwa zveIEC61850 yekutaurirana mwero, uye inotumira chiratidzo cheiyo excitation system kune inotambira komputa yekutarisa system kuburikidza neMMS network. Iyo yakangwara yekukurudzira sisitimu inofanirwa kukwanisa kubatana neiyo GOOSE network uye SV network switch kuti itore data padanho rekuita. Iyo process layer inoda kuti iyo data inobuda neCT, PT uye zvikamu zvemuno zvese zviri mudhijitari fomu. CT uye PT zvakabatana neyuniti yekubatanidza (magetsi emagetsi akabatanidzwa nemagetsi emagetsi, uye magetsi emagetsi akabatanidzwa netambo). Mushure mekunge data yazvino uye yevoltage yadhijitariswa, yakabatana neSV network switch kuburikidza netambo dzemaziso. Izvo zvikamu zvemunharaunda zvinodiwa kuti zvibatanidzwe kune yakangwara terminal kuburikidza netambo, uye switch kana analogi masaini anoshandurwa kuita masaini edhijitari uye anotumirwa kune GOOSE network switch kuburikidza netambo dzemaziso. Parizvino, iyo yekunakidzwa sisitimu ine chaizvo basa rekutaurirana nechiteshi chekudzora layer MMS network uye process layer GOOSE/SV network. Pamusoro pekusangana netiweki ruzivo rwekudyidzana kweIEC61850 chiyero chekutaurirana, iyo yakangwara yekukurudzira sisitimu inofanirwawo kuve neyakazara yepamhepo yekutarisa, nehungwaru kuongororwa kukanganisa uye nyore bvunzo kushanda nekugadzirisa. Kuita uye mashandisiro ekushandisa kweanoshanda akangwara ekusimudzira mudziyo inoda kuedzwa mune ramangwana chairo engineering maapplication.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-09-2024
