Michina yeTurbine yemvura: Mhando uye Magadzirirwo ehunyanzvi

Maturbine emvura ndiwo akakosha mumagetsi emvura, achishandura simba remvura inoyerera kana inodonha kuita simba remagetsi. Pakati pemaitiro aya ndipo panemumhanyi, chikamu chinotenderera cheturbine chinosangana zvakananga nekuyerera kwemvura. Dhizaini, mhando, uye hunyanzvi hwemumhanyi zvakakosha pakuona kushanda kweturbine, huwandu hwemusoro wekushanda, uye mamiriro ekushandiswa.

1. Kupatsanurwa kweVanomhanya neTurbine yeMvura

Zvishandiso zvemvura zvinomhanyisa maturbine zvinowanzoiswa muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru zvichienderana nerudzi rwemvura yavanoshandisa:

A. Vanomhanya Vane Mhepo

Maturbine emhepo anoshanda nemajeti emvura ane simba guru achirova mabhera emumhanyi mumhepo. Maturbine aya akagadzirirwakukwira kwepamusoro, kuyerera kushomamafomu.

• Mumhanyi wePelton:

  • Maumbirwo: Mabhaketi akaita sechipunu akaiswa pamucheto pevhiri.

  • Rudzi rweMusoro: 100–1800 metres.

  • Kumhanya: Kumhanya kwakaderera kwekutenderera; kazhinji kunoda kuwedzera kumhanya.

  • Mashandisirwo: Nzvimbo dzine makomo, simba remagetsi risingashande pamagetsi.

B. Vanomhanya Vachipindura

Maturbine ekuita basa anoshanda nekumanikidzwa kwemvura kuchichinja zvishoma nezvishoma painopfuura nemumumhanyi. Maturbine aya anonyudzwa mumvura uye anoshanda pasi pekumanikidzwa kwemvura.

• Francis Runner:

  • Maumbirwo: Kuyerera kwakasanganiswa nekufamba kwemukati kwe radial ne axial.

  • Rudzi rweMusoro: 20–300 metres.

  • Kushanda zvakanaka: Yakakwira, kazhinji inopfuura 90%.

  • Mashandisirwo: Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzviteshi zvemvura zvepakati nepakati.

• Kaplan Runner:

  • Maumbirwo: Chinoyerera nepakati chine maburi anogadzirisika.

  • Rudzi rweMusoro: 2–30 metres.

  • Zvinhu zvirimo: Mapazi anogadziriswa anobvumira kushanda zvakanaka kwepamusoro kana paine mitoro yakasiyana-siyana.

  • Mashandisirwo: Nzizi dzine mvura yakadzika, dzinoyerera zvakanyanya uye mafashamo anoshandiswa nemafungu.

• Mumhanyi wePropeller:

  • Maumbirwo: Zvakafanana naKaplan asi zvine mapanga akasimba.

  • Kushanda zvakanaka: Zvakanaka chete kana mvura ichiyerera nguva dzose.

  • Mashandisirwo: Nzvimbo diki dzemvura dzine mvura yakagadzikana uye musoro wakasimba.

C. Mamwe Mhando dzeMumhanyi

• Mumhanyi weTurgo:

  • Maumbirwo: Majeti emvura anorova mumhanyi nepakona.

  • Rudzi rweMusoro: 50–250 metres.

  • Zvakanakira: Kumhanya kwakanyanya kutenderera kupfuura Pelton, kuvaka kuri nyore.

  • Mashandisirwo: Zviteshi zvemagetsi zvemvura zvidiki kusvika pakati nepakati.

• Mumhanyi weCross-Flow (Banki-Michel Turbine):

  • Maumbirwo: Mvura inoyerera nepakati pemumhanyi nenzira yakachinjika, kaviri.

  • Rudzi rweMusoro: 2–100 metres.

  • Zvinhu zvirimo: Yakanakira magetsi madiki emvura uye kuyerera kwakasiyana-siyana.

  • Mashandisirwo: Masisitimu asina grid, mini hydro.

2. Magadzirirwo Akakosha Ehunyanzvi eVanomhanya

Mhando dzakasiyana dzevatambi dzinoda kunyatsoteerera hunyanzvi hwavo kuti dzive nechokwadi chekuti dzinoshanda zvakanaka:

3. Maitiro Ekusarudza

Pakusarudza mhando yemumhanyi, mainjiniya anofanirwa kufunga nezve:

• Musoro uye Kuyerera: Inosarudza kana yosarudza kuvhunduka kana kuita chimwe chinhu.

• Mamiriro Enzvimbo: Kuchinja-chinja kwerwizi, huwandu hwemadhaka, shanduko dzemwaka.

• Kuchinjika Kwekushanda: Kuda kugadziriswa kwebanga kana kugadziriswa kwekuyerera kweropa.

• Mutengo uye Kugadzirisa: Zvishandiso zviri nyore zvePelton kana Propeller zviri nyore kuchengetedza.

4. Mafambiro Emangwana

Nekufambira mberi mukushandiswa kwesimba remagetsi emakombiyuta (CFD) uye kudhinda kwesimbi kwe3D, dhizaini yemuchina wemagetsi weturbine iri kufambira mberi ichienda ku:

• Kushanda kwepamusoro mukuyerera kwakasiyana-siyana

• Zvishandiso zvemhando yepamusoro zvinoenderana nemamiriro chaiwo enzvimbo

• Kushandisa zvinhu zvakasanganiswa pamashizha akareruka uye anodzivirira ngura

Mhedziso

Matangi emvura anomhanyisa maturbine ndiwo musimboti wekushandurwa kwesimba remagetsi emvura. Nekusarudza mhando yakakodzera yemagetsi uye kugadzirisa hunyanzvi hwayo, matangi emagetsi emvura anogona kushanda zvakanaka, kushanda kwenguva refu, uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Ingave iri yemagetsi madiki ekumaruwa kana matangi makuru akabatana negrid, matangi anoramba ari kiyi yekuvhura kugona kwesimba remagetsi emvura.