Munzvimbo inogara ichichinja yechikamu chesimba, kutsvaga kwesimba rinoshanda - tekinoroji yekugadzira kwave kwakakosha kupfuura nakare kose. Sezvo nyika iri kunetsekana nematambudziko maviri ekusangana nekukura kwesimba rinodiwa uye kudzikisira kuburitswa kwekabhoni, masosi emagetsi anovandudzwa auya pamberi. Pakati peizvi, hydropower inomira pachena seyakavimbika uye inogoneka sarudzo, ichipa chikamu chakakosha chemagetsi epasirese.
Iyo Francis turbine, chikamu chakakosha mumagetsi emagetsi emvura, inoita basa rakakosha mukuchena uku - shanduko yesimba. Yakatangwa naJames B. Francis muna 1849, rudzi urwu rweturbine kubva panguva iyoyo rwakava rimwe remamwe anonyanya kushandiswa munyika. Kukosha kwaro munharaunda ye hydropower hakugone kuve yakanyanyisa, sezvo inokwanisa kunyatso shandura simba remvura inoyerera mumagetsi emagetsi, ayo anozoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi nejenereta. Nemashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana, kubva kumapurojekiti madiki emagetsi emagetsi ekumaruwa kusvika kune makuru - emagetsi ekutengesa magetsi, turbine yeFrancis yakaratidza kuve mhinduro inogoneka uye yakavimbika yekushandisa simba remvura.
Kubudirira Kwepamusoro muKushandura Kwesimba
Iyo turbine yeFrancis inozivikanwa nekugona kwayo kwepamusoro mukushandura simba remvura inoyerera kuita simba remagetsi, iro rinozoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi nejenareta. Iyi yakakwirira-yekuita basa inokonzerwa nekugadzirwa kwayo kwakasiyana uye nheyo dzekushanda.
1. Kushandiswa kweKinetic uye Inogona Simba
Francis turbines akagadzirirwa kushandisa zvizere ese ari maviri kinetic uye simba remvura. Apo mvura inopinda mu turbine, inotanga kupfuura nepakati pe spiral casing, iyo inogovera mvura yakaenzana kumativi emumhanyi. Mashizha emumhanyi anonyatso kuumbwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti kuyerera kwemvura kune kudyidzana kwakatsetseka uye kunoshanda navo. Sezvo mvura inofamba kubva kunze kwedhayamita yemumhanyi ichienda pakati (mu radial - axial flow pattern), simba ringangove remvura nekuda kwemusoro wayo (musiyano wehurefu pakati pechitubu chemvura uye turbine) inoshandurwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuita kinetic simba. Simba rekinetic iri rinobva raendeswa kumumhanyi, zvichiita kuti ritenderere. Iyo tsime-yakagadzirwa nzira yekuyerera uye chimiro cheanomhanya blades inoita kuti turbine ibudise huwandu hwakawanda hwesimba kubva mumvura, ichiwana yakakwirira - inoshanda simba kutendeuka.
2. Kuenzanisa nemamwe maTurbine Types
Kuenzaniswa nemamwe marudzi emagetsi emvura, akadai sePelton turbine uye Kaplan turbine, turbine yeFrancis ine mabhenefiti akasiyana maererano nekushanda mukati mehumwe huwandu hwemamiriro ekushanda.
Pelton Turbine: Iyo Pelton turbine inonyanya kukodzera kune yakakwirira - musoro application. Inoshanda nekushandisa kinetic simba rejeti remvura repamusoro - velocity kurova mabhakiti pamumhanyi. Kunyange zvazvo inonyatsoshanda mumamiriro epamusoro-musoro, haina kunyatsoita seFrancis turbine mukati-kati-kushandiswa kwemusoro. Iyo turbine yaFrancis, nekugona kwayo kushandisa ese ari maviri kinetic uye anogona simba uye ayo ari nani - akakodzera kuyerera maitiro epakati - emusoro zvitubu zvemvura, inogona kuwana hunyanzvi hwepamusoro mune iyi renji. Semuyenzaniso, muchigadziko chemagetsi chine svikiro remvura yepakati (soti, 50 - 200 metres), turbine yeFrancis inogona kushandura simba remvura kuita simba remagetsi nehunyanzvi hwekutenderedza 90% kana kunyange yakakwirira mune mamwe magadzirirwo akagadzirwa, nepo Pelton turbine inoshanda pasi pemamiriro akafanana emusoro inogona kunge iine zvishoma zvishoma.
Kaplan Turbine: Iyo Kaplan turbine yakagadzirirwa yakaderera - musoro uye yakakwirira - kuyerera zvikumbiro. Kunyange zvazvo yakanyatsoshanda mumamiriro ezasi - musoro, apo musoro unowedzera kusvika pakati - musoro wepamusoro, Francis turbine inodarika iyo maererano nekushanda. Iyo Kaplan turbine's runner blades inochinjika kuti ikwidzise kuita mu yakaderera - musoro, yakakwirira - kuyerera mamiriro, asi dhizaini yayo haina kubatsira kune inoshanda shanduko yesimba mune yepakati - mamiriro emusoro senge Francis turbine. Muchigadzirwa chemagetsi chine musoro we 30 - 50 mamita, Kaplan turbine inogona kuva sarudzo yakanakisisa yekushanda, asi sezvo musoro unopfuura mamita makumi mashanu, iyo Francis turbine inotanga kuratidza hukuru hwayo musimba - kutendeuka kushanda.
Muchidimbu, dhizaini yaFrancis turbine inobvumira kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwesimba remvura munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzepakati - kugadzira musoro, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inofarirwa mumapurojekiti mazhinji emagetsi emagetsi pasi rose.
Kuchinjika kune Akasiyana Mamiriro eMvura
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa zveiyo turbine yeFrancis ndeyekuchinjika kwayo kumhando dzakasiyana dzemvura, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inogoneka yemapurojekiti emagetsi emagetsi pasi rose. Uku kuchinjika kwakakosha sezvo zviwanikwa zvemvura zvinosiyana zvakanyanya maererano nemusoro (iyo yakamira kureba iyo mvura inodonha) uye mwero wekuyerera munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenzvimbo.
1. Musoro uye Flow Rate Adaptability
Musoro Range: MaFrancis turbines anogona kushanda nemazvo kuyambuka musoro wakafaranuka. Iwo anonyanya kushandiswa mukati - musoro kunyorera, kazhinji nemisoro inotangira kubva pamakumi maviri kusvika ku300 metres. Zvisinei, nekugadzirisa kwakakodzera kwekugadzirisa, vanogona kushandiswa kunyange pasi - musoro kana kumusoro - mamiriro emusoro. Semuyenzaniso, mune yakaderera - musoro mamiriro, taura kutenderedza 20 - 50 metres, iyo turbine yeFrancis inogona kugadzirwa ine chaiyo mumhanyi blade maumbirwo uye kuyerera - ndima geometries kukwirisa kutorwa kwesimba. Mashizha emumhanyi akagadzirwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti mvura inoyerera, iyo ine zvishoma zvishoma velocity nekuda kwemusoro wakaderera, ichiri kukwanisa kuendesa simba rayo kumumhanyi. Sezvo musoro unowedzera, dhizaini inogona kugadziriswa kubata yakakwirira - velocity mvura inoyerera. Mupamusoro-soro maapplications arikusvika 300 metres, zvinhu zveturbine zvinogadzirwa kuti zvikwanise kumira nepamusoro-kudzvanywa kwemvura uye kushandura huwandu hukuru hwesimba ringangove kuita simba remuchina nemazvo.
Flow Rate Variability: Iyo turbine yeFrancis inogona zvakare kubata akasiyana siyana ekuyerera. Inogona kushanda zvakanaka pasi pezvose zvinogara - kuyerera uye kushanduka - kuyerera kwemamiriro. Mune zvimwe zvidyarwa zvemagetsi emagetsi, mwero wekuyerera kwemvura unogona kusiyana mwaka nemwaka nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita sematanho ekunaya kwemvura kana kunyungudika kwechando. Dhizaini yaFrancis turbine inobvumira kuti ichengetedze yakanyanya kunaka kunyangwe kuyerera kwachinja. Semuenzaniso, kana chiyero chekuyerera chakakwira, turbine inogona kugadzirisa kune yakawedzera huwandu hwemvura nekunyatso tungamira mvura kuburikidza nezvikamu zvayo. Iyo spiral casing uye inotungamira vanes zvakagadzirirwa kugovera mvura zvakaenzana kutenderedza mumhanyi, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mashizha emumhanyi anogona kunyatsopindirana nemvura, zvisinei nekuyerera. Kana chiyero chekuyerera chichiderera, turbine inogona kuramba ichishanda zvakadzikama, kunyange zvazvo simba rinobuda richizoderedzwa maererano nekuderera kwekuyerera kwemvura.
2. Mienzaniso Yekushandisa Munzvimbo Dzakasiyana Dzenzvimbo
Makomo Makomo: Munzvimbo dzine makomo, senge Himalaya muAsia kana Andes muSouth America, kune akawanda mapurojekiti emagetsi emvura anoshandisa Francis turbines. Matunhu aya anowanzo kuve nepamusoro - matsime emvura mumusoro nekuda kwenzvimbo ine materu. Semuenzaniso, Dhamu reNurek muTajikistan, riri muPamir Mountains, rine nzvimbo yakakwirira yemvura. MaFrancis turbines akaiswa paNurek Hydropower Station akagadzirirwa kubata musiyano mukuru wemusoro (dhamu rine hurefu hunopfuura 300 metres). Maturbines anonyatso shandura simba repamusoro-ringangove remvura kuita simba remagetsi, zvichibatsira zvakanyanya kukuwaniswa kwemagetsi munyika. Kukwirira kwemawere kunochinja mumakomo kunopa musoro unodiwa kuti maFrancis turbines ashande pahunyanzvi hwepamusoro, uye kuchinjika kwavo kune yakakwirira - mamiriro emusoro anovaita sarudzo yakanaka yemapurojekiti akadaro.
Riverine Plains: Mumapani enzizi, uko musoro wakadzikira asi mwero wekuyerera unogona kuve wakakura, Francis turbines anoshandiswawo zvakanyanya. Dhamu reThree Gorges muChina muenzaniso wakanaka. Iri paRwizi rweYangtze, dhamu rine musoro unowira mukati mechikamu chakakodzera Francis turbines. Iwo maturbine paThree Gorges Hydropower Station anofanirwa kubata hombe yekuyerera kwemvura kubva kuRwizi rweYangtze. MaFrancis turbines akagadzirirwa kunyatso shandura simba rehombe - vhoriyamu, yakaderera - musoro wemvura inoyerera mumagetsi emagetsi. Iko kuchinjika kweiyo maFrancis turbines kumazinga akasiyana ekuyerera anovabvumira kushandisa zvakanyanya zviwanikwa zvemvura yerwizi, vachigadzira huwandu hukuru hwemagetsi kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zvesimba zvechikamu chikuru cheChina.
Nzvimbo dzeChitsuwa: Zvitsuwa zvinowanzova nemhando dzakasiyana dzemvura. Semuenzaniso, mune zvimwe zvitsuwa zvePacific, uko kune nzizi diki - kusvika - dzepakati - dzakakura dzine mwero wakasiyana wekuyerera zvichienderana nekunaya kwemvura uye mwaka wakaoma, maFrancis turbines anoshandiswa mudiki - mashizha emagetsi emvura. Aya maturbine anogona kuenderana nekuchinja kwemamiriro emvura, achipa kwakavimbika sosi yemagetsi kunharaunda dzenzvimbo. Mumwaka wekunaya kwemvura, kana chiyero chekuyerera chakakwira, ma turbines anogona kushanda pane yakakwira simba rekubuda, uye mumwaka wakaoma, anogona achiri kushanda nekuderera kwemvura kuyerera, kunyangwe padanho repasi remagetsi, kuve nechokwadi chekuenderera kwemagetsi.
Kuvimbika uye Kureba - Kushanda Kwenguva
Iyo turbine yeFrancis inoremekedzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuvimbika kwayo uye kwenguva refu-refu-kushanda kugona, izvo zvakakosha kune magetsi - zvivakwa zvekugadzira izvo zvinoda kuchengetedza yakagadzikana magetsi kwenguva yakareba.
1. Robust Structural Design
Iyo turbine yaFrancis inoratidzira yakasimba uye yakanyatso kugadzirwa. Mumhanyi, inova chikamu chepakati chinotenderera cheturbine, chinowanzo gadzirwa nepamusoro-simba zvinhu zvakadai sesimbi isina tsvina kana alloys anokosha. Zvishandiso izvi zvinosarudzirwa zvakanakisa zvemuchina, zvinosanganisira kusimba kwesimba, corrosion resistance, uye kuneta kuramba. Semuenzaniso, muhukuru - hukuru hweFrancis turbines anoshandiswa mumagetsi makuru emagetsi emvura, mashizha emumhanyi akagadzirirwa kumira nepamusoro-kuyerera kwemvura yekumanikidza uye kushushikana kwemagetsi kunogadzirwa panguva yekutenderera. Dhizaini yemumhanyi inogadziridzwa kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekugovera kushushikana kwakafanana, kuderedza njodzi yekushushikana kwenzvimbo izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukutsemuka kana kutadza kwechimiro.
Iyo spiral casing, inotungamira mvura kumumhanyi, inovakwa zvakare nekusimba mundangariro. Inowanzo gadzirwa negobvu - yakakomberedzwa simbi ndiro dzinokwanisa kumira nepamusoro-kuyerera kwemvura yekumanikidza ichipinda muturbine. Kubatana pakati pe spiral casing uye zvimwe zvikamu, zvakadai sekugara vane vanes uye kutungamira vanes, yakagadzirirwa kuva yakasimba uye yakavimbika, kuve nechokwadi chokuti chimiro chose chinogona kushanda zvakanaka pasi pemamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekushanda.
2. Low Maintenance Zvinodiwa
Imwe yemabhenefiti akakosha eiyo turbine yeFrancis ndeye yakaderera gadziriso zvinodiwa. Kutenda kune dhizaini yaro iri nyore uye inoshanda, kune zvikamu zvishoma zvinofamba zvichienzaniswa nemamwe marudzi ematurbine, izvo zvinoderedza mukana wekutadza kwechikamu. Semuyenzaniso, magidhi mavhane, ayo anodzora kuyerera kwemvura kupinda mumhanyi, ane yakatwasuka mechanical linkage system. Iyi sisitimu iri nyore kuwana yekuongorora uye kugadzirisa. Nguva dzose mabasa ekugadzirisa anonyanya kusanganisira kukwirisa kwezvikamu zvinofamba, kuongororwa kwezvisimbiso kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura, uye kutarisa kwese kwemechanicha mamiriro eiyo turbine.
Zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa pakuvaka turbine zvinopawo kune yayo yakaderera kuchengetedza zvinodiwa. Iyo corrosion - inodzivirira zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kune mumhanyi uye zvimwe zvikamu zvinoratidzwa mumvura zvinoderedza kudiwa kwekugadziriswa nguva nenguva nekuda kwekuora. Uye zvakare, emazuva ano maFrancis turbines akashongedzerwa neyepamberi yekutarisisa masisitimu. Aya masisitimu anogona kuramba achitarisa ma parameter akadai sevibration, tembiricha, uye kudzvanywa. Nekuongorora iyi data, vashandisi vanogona kuona zvingangoitika matambudziko kumberi uye kuita yekudzivirira kuchengetedza, zvichiwedzera kudzikisira kudiwa kwekuvharwa kusingatarisirwe kwekugadzirisa kukuru.
3. Hupenyu Hurefu Hwebasa
Francis turbines ane hupenyu hurefu hwebasa, kazhinji hunotora makumi emakore akati wandei. Munzvimbo zhinji dzemagetsi emagetsi pasi rose, maFrancis turbines akaiswa makumi akati wandei emakore apfuura achiri kushanda uye kugadzira magetsi nemazvo. Semuenzaniso, mamwe ekutanga - akaiswa Francis turbines muUnited States neEurope ave achishanda kweanopfuura makore makumi mashanu. Nekugadzirisa kwakakodzera uye dzimwe nguva kukwidziridzwa, aya maturbine anogona kuramba achishanda akavimbika.
Hupenyu hurefu hwesevhisi yeFrancis turbine haingobatsiri chete kusimba - indasitiri yekugadzira maererano nemutengo - kubudirira asiwo nekugadzikana kwese kwesimba rekupa. Iyo turbine inogara kwenguva refu inoreva kuti zvidyarwa zvemagetsi zvinogona kudzivirira kudhura kwakanyanya uye kukanganisa kunosanganisirwa neanogara achitsiva turbine. Zvinobatsirawo mukufambiswa kwenguva refu kwesimba remagetsi emvura sesimba rinovimbika uye rinogara riripo, kuve nechokwadi chekuti magetsi akachena anogona kugadzirwa nguva dzose kwemakore akawanda.
Mutengo - kushanda muLong Run
Kana uchifunga nezve mutengo - kushanda kwesimba - tekinoroji yekugadzira, iyo turbine yeFrancis inoratidza kuva sarudzo yakanaka mukushanda kwenguva refu kwezvivakwa zvehydropower.
1. Yekutanga Investment uye Yenguva Yakareba Kushanda Mari
Initial Investment: Kunyangwe iyo yekutanga investimendi muFrancis turbine - based hydropower project inogona kunge yakakwirisa, zvakakosha kuti titarise maonero enguva refu. Iko mari inobatanidza nekutenga, kuiswa, uye kutanga kwekugadzirisa kweFrancis turbine, kusanganisira mumhanyi, spiral casing, uye zvimwe zvikamu, pamwe chete nekuvakwa kwesimba - plant infrastructure, inokosha. Nekudaro, iyi yekutanga kuburitsa inodzikiswa nemabhenefiti enguva refu. Semuyenzaniso, muchirimwa chemagetsi chepakati nepakati chinokwanisa kuita 50 - 100 MW, mari yekutanga kweseti yeFrancis turbines nemichina inoenderana inogona kunge iri mumakumi emamiriyoni emadhora. Asi zvichienzaniswa nemamwe magetsi - matekinoroji ekugadzira, akadai sekuvaka chivakwa chitsva chemarasha - chinopfutiswa magetsi chinoda kuenderera mberi kwekudyara mukutenga marasha uye yakaoma nharaunda - kuchengetedza michina yekusangana nemiyero yekuburitsa, iyo yakareba-yenguva mutengo chimiro cheFrancis - turbine - yakavakirwa hydropower chirongwa chakanyanya kugadzikana.
Yakareba-yenguva Yekushandisa Mutengo: Mari yekushanda yeFrancis turbine yakadzikira. Kana turbine ichinge yaiswa uye chirimwa chemagetsi chave kushanda, mari huru inoenderera mberi ine chekuita nevashandi vekutarisa nekugadzirisa, uye mutengo wekutsiva zvimwe zvidiki nekufamba kwenguva. Kushanda kwepamusoro-kushanda kweFrancis turbine kunoreva kuti inogona kuunza huwandu hwemagetsi nehuwandu hushoma hwekupinza mvura. Izvi zvinoderedza mutengo pachikamu chemagetsi anogadzirwa. Kusiyana neizvi, zvidyarwa zvemagetsi ekupisa, semarasha - anopfurwa kana gasi - akadzimwa zvidyarwa, ane mutengo wakakura wemafuta unowedzera nekufamba kwenguva nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita sekukwira kwemitengo yemafuta uye kushanduka kwemusika wesimba repasi rose. Semuyenzaniso, gwenya remagetsi rinopfurwa nemarasha rinogona kuona mutengo wemafuta edzimotokari uchikwira nechimwe chikamu gore rega rega sezvo mitengo yemarasha ichiiswa - uye - kudiwa kwemasimba, mutengo wemigodhi, uye mutengo wekufambisa. Mune imwe nzvimbo yaFrancis - turbine - powered hydropower plant, mari yemvura, iyo "mafuta" ye turbine, ndeyemahara, kunze kwemari ipi neipi inosanganiswa nemvura - zviwanikwa zvekugadzirisa uye zvingangoita mvura - mari yekodzero, iyo inowanzova yakaderera zvikuru kupfuura mari yemafuta emagetsi anopisa.
2. Kuderedza Wese Simba - chizvarwa Mari kuburikidza High - kunyatsoshanda Operation uye Low Maintenance
Yakakwira - inoshanda Kushanda: Iyo yakakwirira - inoshanda simba - kutendeuka kugona kweiyo Francis turbine inobatsira zvakananga mukuderedza mutengo. Imwe turbine inoshanda zvakanyanya inogona kugadzira mamwe magetsi kubva pachiyero chakafanana chemvura. Semuenzaniso, kana turbine yeFrancis ine hunyanzvi hwe90% mukushandura simba remvura kuita simba remagetsi (iro rinobva rashandurwa kuita simba remagetsi), zvichienzaniswa nediki - inoshanda turbine ine hunyanzvi hwe80%, nekuda kwekuyerera kwemvura uye musoro, iyo 90% - inoshanda Francis turbine ichaburitsa 12,5% mamwe magetsi. Uku kuwedzera kwemagetsi kunoreva kuti iyo yakagadziriswa mari inosanganiswa nemagetsi - mashandiro echirimwa, senge mutengo wezvivakwa, manejimendi, uye vashandi, inopararira pamusoro pehuwandu hukuru hwekugadzira magetsi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mutengo pachikamu chemagetsi (mutengo wakaenzana wemagetsi, LCOE) wakaderedzwa.
Yakaderera Maintenance: Iyo yakaderera - yekuchengetedza chimiro cheFrancis turbine inoitawo basa rakakosha mumutengo - kushanda. Nezvikamu zvishomanana zvinofamba uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakasimba, kuwanda kwekugadzirisa kukuru uye kuchinjwa kwechikamu kwakaderera. Mabasa enguva dzose ekugadzirisa, akadai semafuta uye kuongorora, haana kudhura. Kusiyana neizvi, mamwe marudzi ematurbines kana magetsi-ekugadzira midziyo inogona kuda kazhinji uye inodhura kugadzirisa. Semuyenzaniso, turbine yemhepo, kunyangwe ichigonekazve - sosi yesimba, ine zvinhu zvakaita segiya bhokisi rinogara richipfekwa nekubvaruka uye rinogona kuda kugadziridzwa kunodhura kana kutsiva makore mashoma ega ega. MuFrancis - turbine - based hydropower plant, nguva refu pakati pezviitwa zvikuru zvekugadzirisa zvinoreva kuti mutengo wekugadzirisa pamusoro pehupenyu hweturbine wakaderera zvakanyanya. Izvi, zvakasanganiswa nehupenyu hwayo hurefu hwebasa, zvinowedzera kuderedza mutengo wakazara wekugadzira magetsi nekufamba kwenguva, zvichiita kuti turbine yeFrancis ive mutengo - sarudzo inoshanda kwenguva refu - simba - chizvarwa.
Ushamwari Hwakatipoteredza
Iyo Francis turbine - yakavakirwa hydropower kugadzirwa inopa zvakakosha zvakatipoteredza zvichienzaniswa nemamwe akawanda emagetsi - nzira dzekugadzira, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha mukushanduka kuenda kune remangwana resimba rakasimba.
1. Yakaderedzwa Carbon Emissions
Imwe yemabhenefiti ane mukurumbira ezvakatipoteredza eFrancis turbines idiki yavo kabhoni tsoka. Kusiyana nefossil - mafuta - based power generation, akadai semarasha - anopisa uye gasi - anopisa magetsi emagetsi, hydropower plant inoshandisa Francis turbines haipisi mafuta emafuta panguva yekushanda. Marasha - mashizha emagetsi anopfutidzwa ndiwo makuru ekubudisa carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)), ine chiyero chikuru - chemarasha - chinopisa chinobudisa mamiriyoni ematani e \(CO_2\) pagore. Semuyenzaniso, 500 - MW marasha - anobatidzwa magetsi gwenya anogona kuburitsa 3 miriyoni matani \(CO_2\) pagore. Mukuenzanisa, hydropower chirimwa chechimiro chakafanana chakashongedzerwa neFrancis turbines chinoburitsa hapana chakananga \(CO_2\) kuburitsa panguva yekushanda. Iyi zero - emission character yaFrancis - turbine - powered hydropower plant inoita basa rakakosha mukuedza kwepasi rose kudzikisa kubuda kwegasi regreenhouse uye kudzikisira shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Nekutsiva fossil - fuel - based power generation nehydropower, nyika dzinogona kubatsira zvakanyanya mukuzadzisa zvinangwa zvadzo zvekudzikisa kabhoni. Semuyenzaniso, nyika dzakaita seNorway, dzinovimba zvakanyanya nemagetsi emagetsi (ane maFrancis turbines ari kushandiswa zvakanyanya), ane hushoma hwepa - capita carbon emissions zvichienzaniswa nenyika dzinonyanya kuvimba nefossil - fuel - based energy sources.
2. Mhepo Yakadzika - Inosvibisa Emissions
Pamusoro pekubuda kwekabhoni, fossil - fuel - based power plant inoburitsawo zvakasiyana siyana zvinosvibisa mweya, zvakaita sesulfur dioxide (\(SO_2\)), nitrogen oxides (\(NO_x\)), uye particulate matter. Izvi zvinosvibisa zvine zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya pamhando yemhepo uye hutano hwevanhu. \(SO_2\) inogona kukonzera mvura ine acid, inokuvadza masango, madziva, uye zvivakwa. \(NO_x\) inobatsira mukuumbwa kwehutsi uye inogona kukonzera matambudziko ekufema. Particulate matter, kunyanya fine particulate matter (PM2.5), inosanganisirwa nenyaya dzehutano dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira chirwere chemoyo nemapapu.
Francis - turbine - based hydropower plant, kune rumwe rutivi, haibudisi izvi zvinosvibisa mhepo panguva yekushanda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti matunhu ane hydropower zvidyarwa anogona kunakidzwa nemhepo yakachena, zvichitungamira kune hutano hweveruzhinji. Munzvimbo umo simba remvura rakatsiva chikamu chakakosha chefossil - mafuta - based power generation, pakave nekuvandudzwa kunooneka mumhando yemhepo. Semuenzaniso, mune mamwe matunhu eChina uko mapurojekiti makuru emagetsi emagetsi ane maFrancis turbines akagadzirwa, mazinga e \(SO_2\), \(NO_x\), uye zvinhu zviri mumhepo zvadzikira, zvichikonzera mashoma ezvirwere zvekufema uye zvemoyo pakati pevagari vemo.
3. Minimal Impact paEcosystem
Kana yakanyatsogadzirwa uye ichigadziriswa, Francis - turbine - yakavakirwa hydropower zvidyarwa zvinogona kuita diki diki pane yakatenderedza ecosystem zvichienzaniswa nemamwe magetsi - mapurojekiti ekusimudzira.
Hove Passage: Mazhinji emazuva ano hydropower zvidyarwa ane Francis turbines akagadzirwa nehove - nzira dzekupfuura. Zvivako izvi, zvakaita semanera ehove uye maelevator ehove, zvakagadzirirwa kubatsira hove kuti dzifambe dzichikwira nekudzika. Semuenzaniso, muColumbia River muNorth America, hydropower plant yakaisa hove dzakaoma - nzira dzekufamba. Zvirongwa izvi zvinobvumira salmon nedzimwe hove dzinotama kuti dzinzvere madhamu nematurbine, zvichiita kuti dzisvike kwadzinoberekera. Dhizaini yehove idzi - nzvimbo dzekupfuura dzinofunga nezve maitiro uye kugona kushambira kwemhando dzakasiyana dzehove, kuve nechokwadi kuti chiyero chekupona kwehove dzinotama inowedzerwa.
Mvura - Kugadziriswa Kwemhando: Kushanda kweFrancis turbines hakuwanzo kukonzera shanduko yakakosha mumhando yemvura. Kusiyana nezvimwe zviitiko zvemaindasitiri kana mamwe marudzi ekugadzira magetsi anogona kusvibisa zvitubu zvemvura, zvidyarwa zvehydropower zvinoshandisa Francis turbines zvinowanzo chengetedza hunhu hwemvura. Mvura inopfuura nepakati pematurbine haina kuchinjwa nemakemikari, uye kuchinja kwekushisa kunowanzova kushoma. Izvi zvakakosha pakuchengetedza hutano hwezvipenyu zvemumvura, sezvo zvipenyu zvakawanda zvemumvura zvinonzwa nekushanduka kwemhando yemvura uye tembiricha. Munzizi umo ma hydropower plant ane Francis turbines anowanikwa, mhando yemvura inoramba yakakodzerwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzehupenyu hwemumvura, kusanganisira hove, invertebrates, uye zvirimwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-21-2025
