Indasitiri yemagetsi emagetsi indasitiri yakakosha ine chekuita nehupfumi hwenyika nemararamiro evanhu, uye ine chekuita nebudiriro yehupfumi nemagariro. Ndiyo hwaro hwekuvakwa kwesocialist modernization. Indasitiri yemagetsi iindasitiri inotungamira mukusimudzirwa kwenyika. Chete nekutanga kuvaka zvidyarwa zvemagetsi, zviteshi, uye kumisa tambo dzekufambisa dzinogona kupihwa simba rekinetic rakakwana kumaindasitiri epuraimari, echipiri, uye epamusoro, uye kuenderera mberi kwekusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika uye nharaunda. Nekuvandudzwa kwechikamu chemagetsi cheChina, kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwemagetsi zuva nezuva kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera. Indasitiri yemagetsi inofanirwa kupa rutsigiro rwakasimba rwekutyaira mukusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika uye kuvandudzwa kwemararamiro evanhu. Mapurojekiti ekuvaka magetsi emagetsi anoda kutenderera kwenguva refu yekuvaka kubva pakuongorora, kuronga, dhizaini, kuvaka kusvika pakugadzira nekushanda, izvo zvinotarisa kuti indasitiri yemagetsi inofanirwa kusimudzira zvine mwero pamberi pechirongwa uye kuve nekukura kwekukura kwakakodzera kusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika. Chiitiko chenhoroondo uye zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa kubva mukusimukira kweindasitiri yemagetsi muNew China zvakaratidza kuti kufambira mberi kuri pakati nepakati nekusimudzira kwesainzi uye hutano hweindasitiri yemagetsi zvivimbiso zvakakosha zvekusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika.
Kuronga kwakabatana
Indasitiri yemagetsi inofanirwa kuve nehurongwa hwekuvandudza hwemakore mashanu, gumi, makore gumi nemashanu kana kupfuura kuti hutungamire kusimudzira nekuvakwa kwezvitubu zvemagetsi nemagidhi emagetsi, kuronga hukama pakati peindasitiri yemagetsi nehupfumi hwenyika, uye kuwana kushandira pamwe pakati peindasitiri yemagetsi neindasitiri yekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi. Kuvakwa kweinjiniya yemagetsi kune kutenderera kwakareba, kunoda huwandu hukuru hwekudyara, uye kunosanganisira akawanda chinangwa mamiriro. Izvo zvachose hazvikurudzirwe kugadzira uye kuvaka mune chidimbu. Sarudzo ine musoro uye dhizaini yemapoinzi emagetsi, chimiro chinonzwisisika chegidhi yemusana, uye kusarudzwa kwakaringana kwemazinga emagetsi ndiwo matanho akakosha uye zvinodikanwa kuti indasitiri yemagetsi iwane yakanakisa mabhenefiti ehupfumi. Kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekukanganisa kwekuronga kazhinji hakugadzirisiki kurasikirwa kwehupfumi kwenguva refu.
Kuronga kwemagetsi kunofanirwa kutanga kutarisisa kugoverwa kwesimba rekutanga semarasha nemvura, pamwe nekukanganisa kwemamiriro ekufambisa uye nharaunda yezvakatipoteredza, uye zvakare kufunga nezve kudiwa kwesimba idzva uye shanduko yenzvimbo nekuvandudzwa kwehupfumi hwenyika uye kuvandudzwa kwehupenyu hwevanhu; Nzvimbo yekudyara inonzwisisika, dhizaini, chiyero uye chiyero chechikamu chemagetsi emagetsi mapurojekiti akadai sezviteshi zvemagetsi, zviteshi zvemagetsi emagetsi enyukireya, mapurazi emhepo uye mafekitori emagetsi emagetsi anofanirwa kutariswa, pamwe negiredhi remusana uye matunhu ekugovera network anovakwa neakasiyana mazinga emagetsi uye mitsara yekubatanidza ine magidhi ari padhuze, uye gidhi remagetsi rinofanirawo kuva nehombe yekudzivirira-kukanganisa, kuitira kuchengetedza simba uye kuchengetedza simba remagetsi. kuvimbika uye kuve nechokwadi chekupa magetsi kunaka. Kunyangwe munguva yehupfumi hwakarongwa kana hupfumi hwemusika wesocialist, hurongwa hwemagetsi hwakakwana, hwakakwana uye hwakabatana hunodiwa kutungamira uye kutungamira kusimudzira kwakanaka kweindasitiri yemagetsi.
Safety kutanga
Chengetedzo chekutanga musimboti unofanirwa kutevedzwa mumabasa akasiyana ekugadzira. Indasitiri yemagetsi ine kuenderera mberi kwekugadzirwa, pakarepo kuenzanisa, nheyo uye yakarongeka maitiro. Magetsi chinhu chakakosha chinoenderera mberi nekugadzirwa. Pakazere, kugadzirwa, kutapurirana, kutengesa, uye kushandiswa kwemagetsi kunopedzwa panguva imwe chete uye kunofanirwa kuchengetedza chiyero chakakosha. Magetsi kazhinji haasi nyore kuchengeta, uye nzvimbo dzekuchengetera magetsi dziripo dzakangokodzera kudzora mitoro yepamusoro mugedhi remagetsi uye kushanda sechimbichimbi backup. Indasitiri yemazuva ano inonyanya kugadzirwa uye haigoni kukanganiswa. Indasitiri yemagetsi inofanirwa kuramba ichipa magetsi akakwana zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nevashandisi vakasiyana. Chero tsaona diki yemagetsi inogona kukura kuita kudzimwa kukuru kwemagetsi, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kukuvaka kwehupfumi uye hupenyu hwevanhu. Tsaona huru dzekuchengetedza magetsi hadzingodzikisi kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kana kukuvadza midziyo yemagetsi nemabhizinesi emagetsi, asi zvakare dzinotyisidzira kuchengetedzwa kwehupenyu hwevanhu uye midziyo, kukanganisa kugadzikana kwesimba remagetsi, inokonzeresa kurasikirwa kukuru kwehupfumi kunzanga yese, uye inogona kunge iri kurasikirwa kusingagadzirike. Aya maitiro anoona kuti indasitiri yemagetsi inofanira kutanga yaita mutemo wekuchengetedza, kutanga yakachengeteka uye ine hupfumi system, uye inopa yakavimbika uye yemhando yepamusoro masevhisi emagetsi kune vashandisi.
Chimiro chemagetsi chinofanirwa kuve chakavakirwa pane endowment yeChina
China ine zviwanikwa zvemarasha zvakawanda, uye magetsi anobatidzwa nemarasha agara ari simba guru reindasitiri yemagetsi. Thermal simba rekugadzira rine zvakanakira kupfupika kwekuvaka kutenderera uye kudhura kwakaderera, izvo zvinogona kuve nechokwadi chekupihwa kwemagetsi anodiwa ekusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika nemari shoma.
Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu enyika kuti tiwane chinangwa che "dual carbon", tinofanira kushingairira kutsvagisa nekuvandudza mashandisirwo ehunyanzvi hwekugadzira magetsi emarasha, kuedza kudzikisa kusvibiswa kwemhepo, kuvaka hurongwa hwemagetsi emarasha hwakachena uye hunoshanda, kusimudzira musanganiswa wakagadziridzwa wemarasha nesimba idzva, kuwedzera simba idzva rekushandisa, uye zvishoma nezvishoma kupedzisa shanduko yegirinhi. China ine akawanda hydropower reserves, uye hydropower ine zvakawanda zvakanaka. Isimba rakachena uye rinogona kudzokororwazve, uye kana ravakwa, rinobatsira kwezana ramakore. Asi akawanda eChina akawandisa emagetsi emagetsi emvura akazara munharaunda yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero; Zviteshi zvemagetsi zvakakura zvinoda mari yakakura uye nguva refu yekuvaka, inoda kutapurirana kure-kure; Nekuda kwesimba remwaka wakaoma uye wemvura, pamwe nemakore akaoma uye emvura, zvakaoma kuenzanisa kugadzirwa kwemagetsi mumwedzi, kota, nemakore. Tinofanira kunyatso funga nezvekuvandudzwa kwegetsi remvura kubva pasi rose.
Simba renyukireya isimba rakachena rinogona kutsiva mafuta efossil pamwero mukuru. Dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira pasi rose dzinofunga kuvandudzwa kwesimba renyukireya semutemo wakakosha wekusimudzira simba. Simba renyukireya rakakura uye rakachengeteka mukugadzirwa. Kunyange zvazvo simba renyukireya richidhura, mutengo wekugadzira magetsi unowanzova wakaderera pane simba rinopisa. China ine zvese zviwanikwa zvenyukireya uye yakakosha uye yehunyanzvi simba reindasitiri yenyukireya. Kushanda, kwakachengeteka uye kurongeka kuvandudza kwesimba renyukireya inzira yakakosha yekuzadzisa chinangwa chekabhoni peaking uye kusarerekera kabhoni. Mhepo uye simba rezuva rakachena uye rinodzoreredzwazve simba masosi, kutakura basa rakakosha rekuvandudza simba resimba, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwesimba, kusimudzira kuvaka budiriro yezvakatipoteredza, uye kuzadzisa chinangwa che "dual carbon". Kupinda munguva itsva, simba reChina remhepo uye photovoltaic rakaiswa simba rakakura nokukurumidza, richisvika mamiriyoni 328 kilowatts uye mamiriyoni 306 kilowatts maererano pakupera kwa 2021. Zvisinei, mapurazi emhepo uye photovoltaic power stations anotora nzvimbo yakakura uye anokonzerwa zvikuru nemamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro ekunze. Magetsi anogadzirwa ane hunhu hwakadai sekushanduka, kupindirana, kushomeka kwesimba, kushomeka kwekushandura, kunaka kusinga gadzirike, uye magetsi asingadzoreki. Zvinokurudzirwa kushanda pamwe chete nemagetsi emagetsi.
National networking uye yakabatana kuronga
Hunhu hwemagetsi hunotaridza kuti kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, kutapurirana uye shanduko, uye magetsi ekupa mayunitsi anofanirwa kubatanidzwa muchimiro chegetsi remagetsi kuitira kukudziridza uye kuwana mabhenefiti akawanda ehupfumi. Patova nemagetsi akawanda akabatanidzwa anoumbwa nenyika dzinoverengeka dzinoyambuka miganhu yenyika, uye China inofanirwawo kutevera nzira yekudyidzana kwenyika uye kuvaka hurongwa hwesimba hwakabatana. Kuomerera kunetiweki yenyika uye nepakati uye yakabatana pombi network ndiyo vimbiso yakakosha yekuona kuchengetedzwa, nekukurumidza uye kune hutano kusimudzira kweindasitiri yemagetsi. Marasha eChina akanyura kumadokero nekuchamhembe, uye zviwanikwa zvaro zvehydropower zvakanyura kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, nepo simba remagetsi riri kunyanya munzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Kugovewa kusina kuenzana kwesimba rekutanga uye mutoro wesimba unoona kuti China ichashandisa mutemo we "kufambiswa kwesimba kubva kumadokero kuenda kumabvazuva, kuendesa simba kubva kuchamhembe kuenda kumaodzanyemba". Giridhi yemagetsi yakakura inogona kurongeka zvakaenzana uye kurongeka zvine musoro kudzivirira mamiriro e "makuru uye akazara" uye "diki uye akazara" kuvaka kwemagetsi; Huru hukuru uye yakakwirira parameter mayuniti anogona kushandiswa, ayo ane zvakanakira yakaderera unit investimendi, hukuru hwekuita, uye nguva pfupi yekuvaka. Iyo socialist sisitimu ine maChinese maitiro inosarudza kuti gidhi remagetsi rinofanirwa kutungamirwa nehurumende.
Kuti udzivise njodzi dzenharaunda dzinotungamirira kunjodzi huru, kupera kwemagetsi makuru, uye kunyange kuparara kwegetsi remagetsi, zvakakosha kutarisira kutumirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi zvakanaka, kuitira kuti kuwedzere hupfumi uye hutano hwehupfumi hwemagetsi emagetsi makuru uye kunyange iyo yose hurongwa hwemagetsi. Kuti uwane kutumirwa kwakabatana, zvinodikanwa kuve nekambani inotarisira uye inotumira gidhi remagetsi nenzira yakabatana. Nyika zhinji pasi rose dzine makambani emagetsi akabatana kana makambani emagetsi. Kuwana kurongeka kwakabatana kunoenderana nehurongwa hwemutemo, matanho ehupfumi, uye nzira dzekutonga dzinodiwa. Kutumira mirairo, yakadai semirairo yemauto, inofanira kunge iri pasi pekutanga, uye zvikamu zvinofanira kunge zviri pasi pese, uye hazvigoni kuteverwa neupofu. Kurongeka kunofanirwa kuve kwakaringana, kwakaringana, uye kwakavhurika, uye iyo yekuronga curve inofanirwa kubatwa zvakaenzana. Power grid dispatch inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakachengeteka uye kwakagadzikana kwegedhi remagetsi, uye kusimbisa nheyo dzehupfumi. Kushandisa kutumirwa kwehupfumi chiyero chakakosha chekuvandudza kushanda kwehupfumi muindasitiri yemagetsi.
Survey, dhizaini, uye kugadzirwa kwemidziyo ndiyo hwaro
Kuongorora uye basa rekugadzira ndiwo mabasa akasiyana-siyana anoitwa kubva pakugadzirira uye kurudziro yemapurojekiti ekuvaka magetsi kusvika pakutanga kuvaka. Inosanganisira akawanda malink, huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu, basa rakakura, uye kutenderera kwakareba. Ongororo uye dhizaini yebasa remamwe mapurojekiti makuru ekuvaka magetsi yakatonyanya kupfuura iyo chaiyo nguva yekuvaka, senge iyo Three Gorges Project. Ongororo uye basa rekugadzira rine basa rakakura uye rinosvika kure pamamiriro ese ekuvaka magetsi. Kunyatsoita uye nehungwaru kuita mabasa aya kunogona kuona mapurojekiti ekuvaka magetsi zvichienderana nekuferefeta, kutsvagisa, uye kunyatsoongorora uye kukakavara, nekudaro kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekuvaka zvehunyanzvi hwepamusoro, hupfumi hune musoro, uye zvakakosha zvekudyara.
Midziyo yemagetsi ndiyo hwaro hwekusimudzira indasitiri yemagetsi, uye kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwemagetsi kunoenderana nekufambira mberi kwekugadzira michina yemagetsi. Pasi pehutungamiriri hweBato reCommunist rekuChina, indasitiri yekugadzira midziyo yemagetsi muNew China yakakura kubva padiki kusvika pahombe, kubva pakuneta kuenda kune yakasimba, uye kubva kumashure kuenda kumberi, ichigadzira hurongwa hwemaindasitiri hune zvikamu zvakakwana, hukuru, uye danho repamusoro retekinoroji. Iyo inobata zvakasimba maturusi akakosha enyika huru mumaoko ayo, uye inotsigira kusimudzira kwemhando yepamusoro yeindasitiri yemagetsi nekutsvaga nekusimudzira uye kugadzirwa kwemidziyo yemagetsi.
Kuvimba nehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji
Innovation inofambiswa ndiyo yekutanga simba rekusimudzira hupfumi hweChina, uye hunyanzvi huri musimboti wekuvaka kweChina. Indasitiri yemagetsi inofanirwawo kutungamira budiriro nehunyanzvi. Izvo chaizvo nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji iyo kusimudzira kweindasitiri yemagetsi kunotsigirwa. Kuti uwane kusimudzira kwemhando yepamusoro yeindasitiri yemagetsi, zvinodikanwa kutora mabhizinesi sechikamu chikuru chekuvandudza, kutevera nzira yehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji inosanganisa indasitiri, dzidzo, uye tsvagiridzo, kusimudzira yakakwirira-yepamusoro tekinoroji kuzvimirira uye kuzvivimba, kuyedza kugona hunyanzvi hwekutanga matekinoroji, kushingaira kusimudzira yakazvimirira innovation kugona uye kusimudzira hurongwa hwekutsvagisa uye kuvandudza tekinoroji. kukwikwidza kwese indasitiri yemagetsi cheni, uye kuvimba nehunyanzvi hwekuvaka rudzi rutsva rwesimba system. Kutanga kubva pakusuma, kugayiwa, uye kutorwa kwehunyanzvi hwekune dzimwe nyika, tekinoroji yemagetsi yeNew China yatanga nzira yekufambira mberi inotsamira pamatarenda ayo kuti iwane budiriro yakazvimiririra uye hunyanzvi. Yakagadzirisa dambudziko re "bottleneck" mushure meimwe uye yakapa rutsigiro rwakasimba rwehunyanzvi hwekusimudzira indasitiri yemagetsi. Kupinda munguva itsva, kuitira kusimudzira kufambira mberi kweChina kusvika pakuva simba remagetsi, vashandi vetekinoroji yemagetsi vanofanirwa kuyedza kuvandudza uye kugona matekinoroji akakosha, kuvandudza kugona kwavo kwakazvimirira kwehunyanzvi uye kukwikwidza kwakasimba, uye kuedza kutora nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzetekinoroji yesimba repasi.
Rongedza nezviwanikwa uye zvakatipoteredza
Indasitiri yemagetsi inoda kuwana hutano uye kusimudzira budiriro, iyo inomanikidzwa nezviwanikwa uye nharaunda yezvakatipoteredza uye haigone kudarika kugona kwavo. Izvo zvinodikanwa kusimudzira indasitiri yemagetsi pasi pemamiriro ekusimudzira zvine hungwaru kwezviwanikwa uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kusangana nemagetsi kudiwa kwemagetsi nenzira yakachena, yakasvibira, uye yakaderera-kabhoni. Iyo ecological chengetedzo yenharaunda yeindasitiri yemagetsi inofanirwa kuita zvakanyanya kuomesesa zvinodiwa, kukurumidza kusimudzira uye kushandiswa kweyepamusoro tekinoroji yekudzivirira kwezvakatipoteredza, kuwana budiriro yakasvibira, uye kuzadzisa chinangwa checarbon peak kabhoni kusarerekera. Zvicherwa zvefossil hazviperi. Kuvandudzwa kwesimba rekupisa kunoda kuvandudzwa kwesimba uye kushandiswa kuzere kwemarasha, oiri, gasi rechisikigo, nezvimwewo, uye kushandiswa kwakazara kwe "mvura yakasviba, gasi rekubuda, uye tsvina yakasara" kuzadzisa chinangwa chezvose zviri zviviri kuvandudza hupfumi uye kuchengetedza nharaunda. Hydropower inzvimbo yakachena uye inovandudzwazve simba, asi inogona zvakare kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa pane ecology nharaunda. Mushure mekugadzirwa kwedziva, rinogona kukonzera shanduko mumigero yenzizi dzechisikigo, kutadzisa kufamba nekuda kwekuiswa kwepasi mumigero yenzizi, uye kukonzera njodzi dze geological. Zvese izvi zvinoda kugadziriswa pakugadzira zviwanikwa zvemagetsi emagetsi, kuitira kuti zvisangogadzira zviwanikwa zvehydropower chete asiwo kuchengetedza nharaunda.
Iyo simba system yakazara
Iyo magetsi sisitimu yakazara, ine hukama hwakabatana senge kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, kutapurirana, shanduko, kugovera, uye kushandisa, kuve netiweki, chengetedzo, uye ipapo chiyero. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti utarise sisitimu yemagetsi kubva pamaonero epasirese, uchifunga zvinhu zvakasiyana sekumhanya kwekusimudzira, kushandira vashandisi, kugadzirwa kwekuchengetedza, kuvaka kwekutanga kwemagetsi uye gidhi remagetsi, kuongorora uye dhizaini, kugadzira michina, nharaunda yezvishandiso, tekinoroji, nezvimwewo, kuitira kuti uwane kusimudzira, kugadzikana uye kwakarongeka kweindasitiri yemagetsi. Kuvaka inoshanda, yakachengeteka, inochinjika, uye yakavhurika sisitimu yemagetsi uye kuwana yakakwana kugovaniswa kwezviwanikwa munyika yese, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kugadzikana kushanda kwesimba remagetsi, njodzi inodzoreka yekuchengetedza njodzi, kuchengetedza inochinjika uye inoshanda mutemo, uye ive nechokwadi chekupihwa kwemagetsi kuvimbika uye kunaka kwesimba.
Musimba remagetsi, gidhi remagetsi rinobatanidza zvidyarwa zvemagetsi, masimba ekuchengetedza simba, uye vashandisi, inova ndiyo inonyanya kukosha link. Kuti uvake hurongwa hwesimba rakasimba, zvakakosha kugadzira girasi remagetsi rine chimiro chakasimba, kuchengeteka uye kuvimbika, teknolojia yepamusoro, kubudirira kwehupfumi, maitiro anonzwisisika, kurongeka kwekugadzirisa, kurongeka kwakarongeka, uye kuchengetedzwa kwakachena kwezvakatipoteredza, kuitira kuti uwane "West East Power Transmission, North South Power Transmission, uye National Networking". Kuti uwane chinangwa ichi, zvinodikanwa kubata nemazvo hukama hwakaenzana mukati meindasitiri yemagetsi. Izvi zvinosanganisira kubata nemazvo hukama pakati pekushanda kwekugadzira uye kuvaka kwekutanga, kubata nemazvo hukama pakati pesimba rehydropower uye simba rinopisa, kubata nemazvo hukama pakati penzvimbo dzemagetsi enzvimbo uye ekunze masosi emagetsi, kubata nemazvo hukama pakati pemhepo, chiedza, nyukireya, uye mapurojekiti emagetsi akajairwa, uye kubata nemazvo hukama pakati pekugadzirwa kwemagetsi, kutapurirana uye shanduko, kugovera, uye kushandisa. Kungobata nemazvo hukama uhwu ndipo patinogona kuwana kusimudzira kwakaringana kwesimba remagetsi, kudzivirira kushomeka kwemagetsi munzvimbo dzega, uye nekupa yakachengeteka uye yakasimba rutsigiro rwekutyaira kune hupfumi hwenyika nebudiriro yemagariro.
Kunzwisisa uye kuongorora mitemo yebudiriro yeindasitiri yemagetsi yeChina yakanangana nekumhanyisa, kuvandudza, uye kutsetsenura nzira yemhando yepamusoro yeindasitiri yemagetsi yeChina. Kuremekedza mitemo yezvinangwa uye kusimudzira indasitiri yemagetsi zvinoenderana navo kunogona kuwedzera kudzika kuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi, kugadzirisa kupokana kwakadzika uye matambudziko akadzika anotadzisa kusimudzira kwesainzi indasitiri yemagetsi, kukurumidza kuvakwa kweiyo yakabatana yenyika musika wemagetsi system, kuwana kugovana kukuru uye optimization yezviwanikwa zvemagetsi, kusimudzira kugadzikana uye kuchinjika kudzora kugona kwesimba remagetsi, uye kuvaka simba rakachengeteka, rakachengeteka, rakachengeteka, rakachengeteka, rakachengeteka Kuvaka hwaro hwakasimba hwemhando nyowani yehungwaru, hushamwari, yakavhurika uye inopindirana simba system.
Nguva yekutumira: May-29-2023
