Kugadzira magetsi emvura, senzvimbo inodzokororwa, isina kusvibiswa uye yakachena, kwagara kuchikosheswa nevanhu. Mazuva ano, nzvimbo huru dzemagetsi emvura dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye matekinoroji esimba rinodzokororwa akura pasi rose. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yemagetsi emvura yeThree Gorges muChina ndiyo nzvimbo huru yemagetsi emvura pasi rose. Zvisinei, nzvimbo huru dzemagetsi emvura dzine mhedzisiro yakaipa panharaunda, senge madhamu anovhara kuyerera kwakanaka kwenzizi dzechisikigo, kudzivirira kuburitswa kwematope, uye kushandura nharaunda yezvakatipoteredza; Kuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzemagetsi emvura kunodawo kuzara kwevhu, zvichikonzera huwandu hwakawanda hwevatorwa.
Sesimba idzva, simba diki remvura rine simba diki pane zvakatipoteredza, saka riri kuramba richikosheswa nevanhu. Zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi, sezviteshi zvikuru zvemagetsi emvura, zvese zviri zviteshi zvemagetsi emvura. Chinowanzo nzi "simba diki remvura" chinoreva zviteshi zvemagetsi emvura kana zviteshi zvemagetsi emvura uye masisitimu emagetsi ane simba diki kwazvo rakaiswa, uye simba rawo rakaiswa rinosiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro enyika yenyika imwe neimwe.
MuChina, "simba remagetsi madiki" zvinoreva zviteshi zvemagetsi zvinotsigira magrid emagetsi emunharaunda ane simba rakaiswa re25MW kana pasi, ayo anotsigirwa uye anoshandiswa nemasangano emunharaunda, eboka revanhu, kana ega ega. Simba remagetsi madiki rinobva kusimba remagetsi risiri recarbon clean energy, iro risina dambudziko rekushomeka kwezviwanikwa uye harikonzere kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Ichi chikamu chakakosha cheChina chekuisa hurongwa hwekusimudzira nharaunda.
Kugadzira simba rinogona kushandiswazve semagetsi madiki emvura zvichienderana nemamiriro enzvimbo uye kushandura zviwanikwa zvemagetsi emvura kuita magetsi emhando yepamusoro kwakaita basa guru mukuona kuti nyika inobudirira mune zveupfumi nemagariro evanhu, kuvandudza hupenyu hwevanhu, kugadzirisa dambudziko rekushandiswa kwemagetsi munzvimbo dzisina magetsi nekushomeka kwemagetsi, kukurudzira kutonga kwenzizi, kuvandudza zvakatipoteredza, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kusimudzira hupfumi hwenharaunda.
China ine matura akawanda esimba remagetsi madiki, ine simba rekufungidzira remamiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu ekw uye simba rinogona kuiswa rinosvika 70000 MW rekuvandudza. Isarudzo isingadzivisike kugadzira simba diki remvura nesimba kuti rivandudze chimiro chesimba mukuchengetedza nharaunda ine kabhoni shoma, kuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo, uye budiriro inoenderera mberi. Sekureva kwehurongwa hweMinistry of Water Resources, panosvika gore ra2020, China ichavaka matunhu madiki gumi esimba remvura ane simba rinosvika mamiriyoni mashanu ekw, mabhesi makuru zana esimba remvura ane simba rinosvika 200000 kW, uye matunhu madiki mazana matatu esimba remvura ane simba rinosvika 100000 kW. Panosvika gore ra2023, sezvakarongwa neMinistry of Water Resources, kugadzirwa kwesimba remvura kudiki hakuzongozadzise chinangwa cha2020 chete, asiwo kuchave nebudiriro huru pahwaro uhwu.
Chiteshi chemagetsi chemvura inzira yekugadzira magetsi inoshandura simba remvura kuita magetsi kuburikidza neturbine yemvura, uye seti yejenareta yeturbine yemvura ndiyo chinhu chikuru chekushandura simba mumasisitimu madiki emagetsi emvura. Maitiro ekushandura simba ejenareta yemvura yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri.
Danho rekutanga rinoshandura simba rinokwanisa kuwanikwa mumvura kuita simba remagetsi re turbine yemvura. Kuyerera kwemvura kune simba rinokwanisa kuwanikwa kwakasiyana pakukwirira kwakasiyana uye munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Kana kuyerera kwemvura kubva panzvimbo yakakwirira kukakanganisa turbine panzvimbo yakaderera, simba rinokwanisa kuwanikwa rinogadzirwa nekuchinja kwehuwandu hwemvura rinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi re turbine.
Muchikamu chechipiri, simba remagetsi remuchina wemvura rinotanga kushandurwa kuita simba remagetsi, iro rinozotumirwa kumidziyo yemagetsi kuburikidza nemitsetse yekutumira yegrid yemagetsi. Mushure mekukanganiswa nekuyerera kwemvura, turbine yemvura inotyaira jenareta yakabatana necoaxial kuti itenderere. Rotor yejenareta inotenderera inotyaira simba remagineti rekukurudzira kuti ritenderere, uye stator winding yejenareta inocheka mitsetse yemagetsi ekukurudzira kuti igadzire simba remagetsi rinokonzerwa. Kune rumwe rutivi, inoburitsa simba remagetsi, uye kune rumwe rutivi, inogadzira electromagnetic braking torque kune rumwe rutivi rwekutenderera parotor. Kuyerera kwemvura kunoramba kuchikanganisa mudziyo wemvura, uye torque inotenderera inowanikwa neturbine yemvura kubva mukuyerera kwemvura inokunda electromagnetic braking torque inogadzirwa mujenareta rotor. Kana zviviri zvasvika pakuenzana, unit yemvura yeturbine ichashanda nekumhanya kwakasimba kuti igadzire magetsi zvakadzikama uye ishandure simba rese.
Seti yejenareta yemagetsi inogadzirwa nemagetsi chinhu chakakosha chinoshandura simba rinogona kuwanikwa nemvura kuita simba remagetsi. Kazhinji inosanganisira turbine yemvura, jenareta, chinodzora kumhanya, sisitimu yekukurudzira, sisitimu yekutonhodza, uye michina yekudzora plant yemagetsi. Sumo pfupi yemhando nemabasa emidziyo mikuru mujenareta yemagetsi inogadzirwa nemagetsi ndeiyi inotevera:
1) Turbine yemvura. Kune mhando mbiri dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya dzeturbine dzemvura: impulse ne reactive.
2) Jenareta. Majenareta mazhinji anoshandisa majenareta anoenderana nemagetsi.
3) Sisitimu yekukurudzira. Nekuda kwekuti majenareta anowanzo kuve majenareta anoenderana nemagetsi, zvakakosha kudzora sisitimu yekukurudzira yeDC kuti iwane kudzorwa kwemagetsi, kudzorwa kwesimba rinoita basa uye rinoita reactive, kuitira kuvandudza mhando yesimba remagetsi rinobuda.
4) Mudziyo wekudzora nekudzora kumhanya (kusanganisira mudziyo wekutonga kumhanya uye mudziyo wekumanikidza mafuta). Gavhuna inoshandiswa kudzora kumhanya kweturbine yemvura, kuitira kuti frequency yesimba remagetsi rinobuda rienderane nezvinodiwa zvemagetsi.
5) Sisitimu yekutonhodza. Majenareta madiki emvura anonyanya kushandisa kutonhodza kwemhepo, achishandisa sisitimu yekufema kubatsira kubvisa kupisa nekutonhodza pamusoro pe stator, rotor, uye iron core yejenareta.
6) Mudziyo wekubvisa mabhureki. Majenareta ehydraulic ane kugona kwakayerwa kunodarika kukosha kwakati ane michina yekubhureki.
7) Midziyo yekudzora magetsi. Midziyo mizhinji yekudzora magetsi inoshandisa makombiyuta edhijitari kuti iite mabasa akadai sekubatanidza magetsi, kugadzirisa mafrequency, kugadzirisa voltage, kugadzirisa power factor, kudzivirira, uye kutaurirana kwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura.
Simba remagetsi madiki rinogona kukamurwa kuita mhando yekutsaudzira, rudzi rwedhamu, uye rudzi rwehybrid zvichienderana nenzira yemusoro wakasimba. Zviteshi zvidiki zvakawanda zvemagetsi emvura muChina zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi emvura zvine mutengo wakaderera.
Hunhu hwekugadzira magetsi madiki emvura hunosanganisira kuvaka chiteshi chidiki, mainjiniya ari nyore, kutenga michina zviri nyore, uye kushandisa wega, pasina kutumira magetsi kunzvimbo dziri kure nechiteshi; Giridhi diki remagetsi emvura rine simba diki, uye simba rekugadzira magetsi dikiwo. Kurambwa kwesimba remagetsi madiki emvura kune hunhu hwakasimba hwenzvimbo uye hwehukuru.
Senzvimbo yesimba rakachena, simba diki remvura rakabatsira mukuvaka misha mitsva yesimba regutsaruzhinji muChina. Tinotenda kuti kusanganiswa kwesimba diki remvura netekinoroji yekuchengetedza simba kuchaita kuti kuvandudzwa kwesimba diki remvura kutaridzike zvakanyanya mune ramangwana!
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-11-2023
