Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi, sechinhu chinodzokororwa, chisina kusvibiswa-chisina uye chakachena simba sosi, chave chichikosheswa nevanhu. Mazuva ano, zviteshi zvemagetsi makuru uye epakati pemvura anoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye akakura akasimba emagetsi emagetsi pasi rese. Semuenzaniso, iyo Three Gorges hydropower station muChina ndiyo yakakura kwazvo hydropower station pasi rose. Zvakadaro, zviteshi zvegetsi zvemvura zvakakura uye zvepakati zvine zvakawanda zvinokanganisa zvakatipoteredza, zvakaita semadhamu anovharira kuyerera kwenzizi dzechisikigo, kuvharira kubuda kwetsvina, uye kushandura nharaunda; Kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura kunodawo kuwanda kwevhu, zvichikonzera huwandu hukuru hwevanobva kune dzimwe nyika.
Sechitubu chitsva chesimba, diki simba remvura rine simba diki pane ecological nharaunda, uye nekudaro iri kuwedzera kukosheswa nevanhu. Zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi emagetsi, sezviteshi zvemagetsi makuru uye epakati nepakati, ese ari maviri emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi. Iyo inowanzonzi "small hydropower" inoreva zviteshi zvemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi uye masisitimu emagetsi ane diki diki yakaiswa, uye simba rawo rakaiswa rinosiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro emunyika imwe neimwe.
KuChina, "small hydropower" zvinoreva zviteshi zvemagetsi emagetsi uye kutsigira magidhi emagetsi emuno ane simba rakaiswa 25MW zvichidzika, iro rinopihwa mari uye rinoshandiswa nemunharaunda, akaungana, kana ega ega. Diki hydropower ndeye isiri kabhoni yakachena simba, iyo isina dambudziko rekushomeka kwezviwanikwa uye isingakonzere kusvibisa nharaunda. Icho chinhu chakakosha pakuita kweChina hurongwa hwekusimudzira budiriro.
Kugadzira simba rinogonekazve senge madiki emagetsi emagetsi zvichienderana nemamiriro enzvimbo uye kushandura zviwanikwa zvehydropower kuita magetsi emhando yepamusoro kwaita basa rakakosha mukusimbisa hupfumi hwenyika nemagariro, kuvandudza hupenyu hwevanhu, kugadzirisa dambudziko rekushandiswa kwemagetsi munzvimbo dzisina magetsi nekushomeka kwemagetsi, kusimudzira hutongi hwerwizi, kuvandudza kwezvakatipoteredza, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye magariro nehupfumi hwenzvimbo.
China ine matura akawanda emagetsi madiki emagetsi emvura, ane theoretical anofungidzirwa kuchengetedza 150 miriyoni kW uye inogona kuiswa inodarika 70000 MW yekusimudzira. Isarudzo isingadzivisike kuvandudza nesimba simba remagetsi madiki emvura kuvandudza chimiro chesimba mune yakaderera-kabhoni kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kuchengetedza kwesimba uye kuderedza kubuda, uye budiriro inoenderera. Sekureva kwechirongwa cheBazi reZviwanikwa zveMvura, panosvika gore ra2020, China ichavaka matunhu madiki emagetsi emvura gumi ane simba rakaiswa rinopfuura mamirioni mashanu kW, 100 mabhesi madiki emagetsi emvura ane simba rakaiswa rinopfuura 200000 kW, uye matunhu madiki mazana matatu ane simba rakaiswa rinopfuura 100000 kW. Pakazosvika 2023, sezvakarongwa neBazi reMvura, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura kudiki hakuzongozadzisa chinangwa che2020, asi zvakare kuve nebudiriro yakakura pane iyi nheyo.
Chiteshi chemagetsi emagetsi isimba rekugadzira magetsi rinoshandura simba remvura kuita magetsi kuburikidza ne turbine yemvura, uye seti yejenareta yemvura ndiyo musimboti mudziyo wekuwana shanduko yesimba mumasisitimu madiki emagetsi emvura. Iyo simba rekushandura maitiro eiyo hydroelectric generator set yakakamurwa kuita nhanho mbiri.
Danho rekutanga rinoshandura simba ringangove remvura kuita simba remagetsi returbine yemvura. Kuyerera kwemvura kune simba rakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana uye nzvimbo. Kana mvura ichiyerera ichibva panzvimbo yepamusoro ichikanganisa turbine panzvimbo yakaderera, simba rinogoneka rinogadzirwa nekushanduka kwemvura inoshanduka kuita simba remagetsi returbine.
Muchikamu chechipiri, simba remagetsi re turbine yemvura rinotanga kuchinjwa kuva simba remagetsi, iro rinobva raendeswa kumagetsi emagetsi kuburikidza nemitsetse yekufambisa yemagetsi emagetsi. Mushure mekukanganiswa nekuyerera kwemvura, turbine yemvura inotyaira coaxial yakabatana jenareta kuti itenderere. Iyo inotenderera jenareta rotor inotyaira iyo yekunakisa magineti kutenderera, uye stator inotenderedza jenareta inocheka excitation yemagineti mitsara kuti ibudise induced electromotive simba. Kune rimwe divi, inoburitsa simba remagetsi, uye kune rimwe divi, inogadzira iyo electromagnetic braking torque yakatarisana nekutenderera pane rotor. Kuyerera kwemvura kunoramba kuchikanganisa mudziyo weturbine yemvura, uye torque inotenderera inowanikwa neturbine yemvura kubva mukuyerera kwemvura inokunda iyo electromagnetic braking torque inogadzirwa mujenareta rotor. Kana maviri acho asvika pakuenzana, iyo turbine unit yemvura ichashanda nekumhanya kusingadzoreki kuburitsa magetsi uye kutendeuka kwesimba rakazara.
A hydroelectric generator set chinhu chakakosha chekushandura simba chinoshandura simba ringave remvura kuita simba remagetsi. Iyo inowanzo sanganisira turbine yemvura, jenareta, inomhanyisa controller, excitation system, kutonhora sisitimu, uye magetsi chirimwa chekudzora michina. Sumo pfupi yemhando uye mabasa emidziyo mikuru mune yakajairwa hydroelectric jenareta seti ndeiyi inotevera:
1) Turbine yemvura. Kune marudzi maviri anowanzo shandiswa emvura turbines: impulse uye reactive.
2) Jenareta. Majenareta mazhinji anoshandisa magetsi anonakidza synchronous jenareta.
3) Excitation system. Nekuda kwekuti majenareta anowanzo kunakidzwa nemagetsi ekubatanidza majenareta, zvinodikanwa kudzora iyo DC excitation system kuti iwane voltage regulation, inoshanda uye inogadzirisa simba regulation yemagetsi emagetsi, kuitira kuvandudza kunaka kwekubuda kwesimba remagetsi.
4) Kumhanyisa kudzora uye kudzora mudziyo (kusanganisira kumhanya regulator uye oiri yekumanikidza mudziyo). Gavhuna anoshandiswa kudzora kumhanya kweiyo turbine yemvura, kuitira kuti kuwanda kweiyo inobuda simba remagetsi inosangana nezvinodiwa zvemagetsi.
5) Kutonhora system. Madiki emagetsi emagetsi anonyanya kushandisa kutonhora kwemhepo, achishandisa mhepo yekufefetera kubatsira kubvisa kupisa uye kutonhorera pamusoro peiyo jenareta stator, rotor, uye iron core.
6) Braking mudziyo. Majenareta eHydraulic ane chiyero chakayerwa chinodarika imwe kukosha ane mabhureki emidziyo.
7) Midziyo yekugadzira magetsi. Mazhinji emagetsi chiteshi chekudzora midziyo inotora komputa dhijitari kutonga kuita mabasa akadai segridi yekubatanidza, frequency regulation, voltage regulation, simba factor regulation, kuchengetedza, uye kutaurirana kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi.
Diki hydropower inogona kupatsanurwa kuita diversion mhando, dhamu mhando, uye hybrid mhando zvichienderana nenzira yemusoro wakadzika. Zviteshi zvidiki zvidiki zvemagetsi muChina zvine hupfumi hwekusiyanisa mhando zviteshi zvemagetsi emagetsi.
Hunhu hwemagetsi madiki emagetsi emagetsi diki chiteshi chekuvaka chiyero, nyore engineering, nyore kutenga michina, uye kunyanya kuzvishandisa, pasina kuendesa magetsi kunzvimbo dziri kure nechiteshi; Iyo diki gidhi remagetsi emagetsi ane diki diki, uye simba rekugadzira simba zvakare ridiki. Kurambwa kwesimba diki remagetsi rine simba renzvimbo uye hukuru hunhu.
Sesimba rakachena resimba, diki simba remvura rakabatsira mukuvakwa kwemisha yesimba resocialist muChina. Isu tinotenda kuti kusanganiswa kweiyo diki hydropower uye simba rekuchengetedza tekinoroji kuchaita kuti kuvandudzwa kweiyo hydropower iwedzere kubata maziso mune ramangwana!
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-11-2023
